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ES - Chapter 2-1-std

Chapter 2 of the Elementary Statistics document focuses on probability distributions, covering key concepts such as expected value, variance, and standard deviation for both discrete and continuous random variables. It distinguishes between discrete and continuous data, provides definitions and examples, and explains the probability distribution function. The chapter also includes methods for calculating these statistical measures for various scenarios, including binomial variables and normal distributions.

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8 views17 pages

ES - Chapter 2-1-std

Chapter 2 of the Elementary Statistics document focuses on probability distributions, covering key concepts such as expected value, variance, and standard deviation for both discrete and continuous random variables. It distinguishes between discrete and continuous data, provides definitions and examples, and explains the probability distribution function. The chapter also includes methods for calculating these statistical measures for various scenarios, including binomial variables and normal distributions.

Uploaded by

haidedental
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Elementary Statistics

Chapter 2 – Part 1
Probability Distribution

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Chapter 2 Probability Distributions

Major learning objectives of this Chapter:


❑ Be able to summarize a numerical discrete variable by using: probability
distribution function, expected value, variance, and standard deviation
❑ Be able to calculate the expected value, variance, and standard deviation for a
function of a variable
❑ Be able to summarize a Binomial variable by using: probability distribution
function, expected value, variance, and standard deviation
❑ Be able to read the probability density function of a numerical continuous
variable
 Be able to calculate the probability function of a normal variable
 Be able to locate the normal score of a normal variable
 Be able to analyse a function of a normal variable

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Numerical Random Variable
Characteristics of numerical random variable:

1. Uncertain and unpredictable value


2. Numerical in natural

Example 1:
What side may face-up when you toss a die?

Example 4:
Imagine you are a researcher doing analysis for a
telecommunication company. You are required to collect
information about the duration of long-distance calls. How long
may a long-distance call last for?
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Discrete vs Continuous

Discrete: Data only takes place at particular values

Continuous: Data covers a range of values

Q: Classify each of the following as discrete or continuous data

1. Number of books in the college bookstore

2. Time required to drive from home to college

3. Number of ships

4. Speed of an airplane 4
Probability Distribution Function for a
Numerical Discrete Random Variable
A probability distribution is an assignment of probabilities
to each distinct value of a discrete random variable or to each
interval of values of a continuous random variable.

Features of the probability distribution of a discrete random


variable:
1. The probability distribution has a probability assigned to
each distinct value of the random variable.
P(X = x) = p(x)
2. The sum of all the assigned probabilities must be 1.

 p(x) = 1
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Mathematical Expectation for a Discrete Random Variable

For a discrete random variable X with probability distribution p(x),

1. Expected Value (mean)

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For a discrete random variable X with probability distribution p(x),

2. Variance and Standard Deviation

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A Function of a Random Variable

Y = f(X) is the profit X is the number of


gained in a week by photocopier to be
selling photocopier sold in a week

PhotoC

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Then the Expected Value, Variance and Standard Deviation of
variable X which is the weekly sales (number of “PhotoC” sold) are:

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Now, we have more information on how to evaluate the weekly profit made by
selling PhotoC.

How to find the expected value, variance


and standard deviation of the weekly
profit?
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