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(Compton Shift)

2. Derive an expression for the change in wavelength suffered by an X-ray photon when it
collides with an electron. (or) Derive an expression for compton shift and show that it is
independent of the wavelength of the incident photons.

3. (i) What is Compton effect? (ii) Give the theory of Compton effect and show that the
Compton shift h/mc (1-cos θ)

4. Explain Compton effect and derive an expression for the wavelength of scattered photon.
Also briefly explain its experimental verification.

5. Arrive at the Schrodinger wave equation and apply the same for a particle in a rectangular box

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to obtain the energy eigen values and the corresponding eigen functions.

O
6. Arrive at the time independent Schroedinger's wave equation and explain the significance of
the wave function.

C
7. Derive in time dependent Schroedinger wave equation and hence deduce the time
independent Schroedinger wave equation.
E
8. Solve Schroedinger wave equation for a particle in a box (one dimensional) and obtain the
energy eigen values.
AC

9. Derive an expression for energy levels of a particle enclosed in one-dimensional potential

box of width 'a' and infinite height. (Jan 2006 10.
R

UNIT v
APPLIED QUANTUM MECHANICS
G

PART A

1. List out the outcome (or) Characteristics of the particle executing SHM
 The particles executing SHM will have discrete energy values.
 The energy valves are equidistant and are separated by hv.
 The minimum energy (for n=0) is not zero.
 Energy levels are Non-degenerate.

2. What do you understand by the term Transmission and Reflection co-efficient?

Transmission Co-efficient: We know that the probability density is the square of the
amplitude of that function. Therefore the barrier transmission co-efficient is the ratio
between the square of the amplitudes of the transmitted wave ICP and the incident wave

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Reflection Coefficient: The reflection co-efficient (R) for the barrier surface at x=0 is the
ratio between the square of the amplitude of the reflected wave IBI and the square of the
amplitude of the incident wave.

3. What is meant by tunnelling effect?

In quantum mechanics a particle having lesser energy (E) than the barrier. potential (V)
can easily cross over the potential barrier having a finite width T even without climbing over
the barrier by tunnelling through the barrier. This process is called Tunnelling.

4. What is the principle used in scanning tunnelling microscope?

The basic principle used in scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) is the tunnelling of
electron between the sharp metallic tip of the probe and the surface of a sample. Here,
constant tunnelling current is maintained by adjusting the distance between the tip and the
sample, with an air gap for electron to tunnel. In a similar way the tip is used to scan atom by

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atom and line by line of the sample and the topography of the sample is recorded in the
computer.

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5. What are the advantages of STM?

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 It can scan, the positions & topography atom by atom (or) even electrons.
 It is the Latest techniques used in Research laboratories for scanning the materials.
 Very accurate measurement shall be obtained.
 Magnification is upto nano-scale.
E
6. What are the disadvantages of STM?
AC

 Even a very small sound (or) vibrations will disturb the measurement setup.
 It should be kept in vacuum, as even a single dust particle may damage the tip of the
probe
 Cost is high.
 More complexity.
R

10. Given any two applications of STM.

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 It is used to produce Integrated circuit.

 It is used in Biomedical devices.
 Research labs are the major areas in which it is used.
 They are used in material science studies for both bump and flat surfaces.

11. What is the principle used in Resonant tunnelling diode.

Resonant resonant tunnelling diode works on the principle of tunnelling effect, in which
the charge carriers cross the energy barrier even with lesser energy than the barrier potential,
Quantum mechanically. The probability of tunnelling increases with the decreasing barrier
energy.

12. When a resonant tunnelling diode behaves as normal diode?

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When a resonant tunnelling (or) resonant diode is forward biased, current increases and
then decreases at called voltage point. Now, when the applied voltage further increased
beyond the voltage, the resonant tunnelling diode

13. List out the current components in resonant diode.

The current in resonant diode is due 3 components viz.,
 Tunnelling current
 Diode current
 Excess current

14. What are the advantages of a resonant diode.

 Cost and noise is low.
 Fabrication is very simple.
 Operation speed is very high.

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 Power dissipation is low and hence it is environmental friendly device.

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15. What are the disadvantages of a resonant diode
 Since it is a two terminal device, it is difficult to isolate the input and output.
 It is a low output swing device.
C
16. What are the applications of resonant tunnelling diode.
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 As resonant tunnelling diode has both positive resistance [From point O to Pl and
negative resistance [From point P to V], it has many applications in the switching
AC

devices.
 It can be used as normal diodes also.
 They are used as high frequency microwave oscillators.
 When resonant tunnelling diode is operated under negative resistance region, then it can
R

be used as an oscillator (or) a switch.

17. State Bloch's Theorem.

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Bloch theorem is a mathematical statement of an electron(Particle) wave function

moving in a perfectly periodic potential. These functions are called bloch functions.

18. What are Brillonin Zones?

Brillouin Zones are the boundaries that are marked by the values of propagation wave
vector in which the electrons can have allowed energy values without diffraction. Since k is a
vector, it has different values along different directions.

19. What is meant by valence band, conduction band and forbidden band gap?
During the formation of energy bands, the inner filled energy levels forms a energy
band, called Inner filled bands. Similarly the electrons in the outermost shells of atoms forms
a energy band, called valence band. The valence band will be of completely filled (or)

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partialy filled with electrons, based on the type of the materials. If an electron comes out
from valence band for conduction, then they form an energy level corresponding to the
energy band called conduction band

PART B

1. Obtain the energy values and eigen functions of a harmonic oscillator.

2. Compare the energy values of a particle in an infinite potential well and a harmonic oscillator.

3. Describe the barrier penetration process and quantum tunnelling of an electron.

4. Derive the transmission and reflection coefficients for a particle which undergoes quantum
tunnelling.

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5. (i) Describe the principle, construction and working of a scanning tunneling microscope.

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(ii) List some of the merits and demerits of STM with applications.

6. (i) With necessary theory, describe the quantum structure and V-I characteristics of a
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resonant tunnelling diode along with its applications.
(ii) Give the advantages and disadvantages of a resonant tunnelling diode.
E
20. What is meant by quantum tunnelling? Explain how this principle is used in resonant
diodes?
AC

8. Derive the Eigen values for a particle in a finite square potential well and show that they are
quantised, using graphical methods.
R

9. Discuss Bloch Theorem and prove the same for a particle in a periodic potential.

10. Explain the behaviour of an electron moving in a field of periodic potential using Kronig and
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Penny model.

11. Describe the energy band theory of solids and the origin of band formation in solids.

12. Describe how band theory is used to classify the solids as conductors, semi conductors and
insulators.

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 All 1st semester Subjects
Professional English - I - HS3152 – Click Here
Matrices and Calculus - MA3151 – Click Here
Engineering Physics - PH3151 – Click Here
Engineering Chemistry - CY3151 – Click Here
Problem Solving and Python Programming - GE3151 – Click Here
Problem Solving and Python Programming Laboratory - GE3171 – Click Here
Physics and Chemistry Laboratory - BS3171 – Click Here