Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No.

1 / 19

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

WORKING INSTRUCTION AND REPORT

Course Code & Name /
BNR13402 / ELECTRICAL LABORATORY I
Kod & Nama Kursus
Code & Title of Experiment/
KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Kod & Tajuk Ujikaji
Date of Experiment/ 18/11/2024
Tarikh Ujikaji
Programme/Program 1 BND / BNE / BNF
Group/ Kumpulan KUMPULAN 9
Name/Nama Matrix No./
No. Matrik
Group Members/ 1. MACKENZIE WEIJIE FONG AN240040
Ahli Kumpulan
2. KERK MING TENG AN240105
3. TAN PO ZHENG AN240052
4.
Instructor Name / 1. Puan Zurina Binti Abdul Wahab
Nama Instruktor 2.
Data Analysis and Discussion (25%)/
C1 Analisis Data dan Perbincangan(25%) %
C C2 Conclusion (5%) / Kesimpulan(5%) %
C3 Question (5%)/ Soalan(5%) %
Result (50%)/
P Keputusan(50%) %
Assessment / Penilaian
Pre-Lab (10%) /
Pra-Lab (10%)
A
Discipline (5%) /
%
Disiplin (5%)
TOTAL / JUMLAH /100%
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 1 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

7. DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

7.1 TASK 1: KIRCHOFF VOLTAGE LAW (KVL) AND SERIES CIRCUIT

i. Compare the total voltage drop across resistors with the supply voltage.
ii. Next, compare the current values IA, IB and IC.
iii. Write down your answer summarizing these two comparisons.
(12.5 marks / C1)

7.2 TASK 2: KIRCHOFF CURRENT LAW (KCL) AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT

i. Compare the two voltage values: VB and VB+VC.

ii. Then, compare all current values.
iii. Write down your answer to summarize the comparisons in the space below.

(12.5 marks / C1)

8. CONCLUSION
(5 marks / C2)

9. QUESTIONS

9.1 Discuss how theorems of KVL and KCL assist you to verify the answer obtained in this
experiment.

(5 marks / C3)

Prepared by / Disediakan oleh : Approved by / Disahkan oleh :

Signature / Tandatangan : Signature / Tandatangan :

Name / Nama : MOHD FADLY BIN ABD RAZAK Name / Nama : DR. JUMADI ABDUL SHUKOR
Date / Tarikh : 14 FEB 2017 Date / Tarikh : 14 FEB 2017
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 2 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)
PRELAB EXERCISE

3.1 Calculate the current, I3 flowing through resistor 1.2kΩ. Show all calculation steps.

(10 marks / A)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 3 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)
6.1 TASK 1: KIRCHOFF VOLTAGE LAW (KVL) AND SERIES CIRCUIT
Table 1

Resistor Measured Value

2.2k 2.178k

4.7k 4.692k

5.6k 5.580k
(5 marks / P)

Table 2
Measurement
Voltage Show Calculated & Calculated Value
Value
�� = �� 10.190V
= 10.0V

VA

�� = �� - ��� 8.400V
= 8.24V

VB

�� = �� - ��� 4.556V
= 4.48V

VC
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 4 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES

Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

KVL : 0.825mA
-10 + 2.2k��+ 4.7k�� + 5.6k��= 0
2.2k��+ 4.7k�� + 5.6k�� = 10
Since series circuit , all current through resistors are same
IA �� = �� + �� + ��
2.2k�� + 4.7k�� + 5.6k��= 0
�� (2.2k+ 4.7k + 5.6k)= 0
12.5k�� = 10
��
�� = ��.��
�� = 0.8mA
�� = 0.8mA

KVL : 0.825mA
-10 + 2.2k��+ 4.7k�� + 5.6k��= 0
2.2k��+ 4.7k�� + 5.6k�� = 10
Since series circuit , all current through resistors are same
IB �� = �� + �� + ��
2.2k�� + 4.7k�� + 5.6k��= 0
�� (2.2k+ 4.7k + 5.6k)= 0
12.5k�� = 10
��
�� = ��.��
�� = 0.8mA
�� = 0.8mA
 KVL : 0.825mA
-10 + 2.2k��+ 4.7k�� + 5.6k��= 0
2.2k��+ 4.7k�� + 5.6k�� = 10
Since series circuit , all current through resistors are same
IC �� = �� + �� + ��
2.2k�� + 4.7k�� + 5.6k��= 0
�� (2.2k+ 4.7k + 5.6k)= 0
12.5k�� = 10
��
�� = ��.��
�� = 0.8mA
�� = 0.8mA

(20 marks / P)
6.2 TASK 2: KIRCHOFF CURRENT LAW (KCL) AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Table 3

Resistor Measured Value

1k 0.989k
3.3k 3.274k
4.7k 4.692k
5.6k 5.580k
(5 marks / P)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 5 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

Table 4
Measurement
Voltage Show Calculated & Calculated Value
Value
Loop 1 : - 8 + 1kI₁ + 4.7kI₃ = 0 2.002V
Loop 2 : -4.7kI₃ + 3.3kI₂ + 5.6kI₂ = 0
KCL : I₁ = I₂ + 1₃

VAB Arranging :
1kI₁ + 0I₂ + 4.7kI₃ = 8 -----------(1)
0I₁ + 8.9kI₂ - 4.7kI₃ = 0 ------------(2)
I₁ - I₂ - 1₃ = 0 ------------(3)
I₁ = 1.96mA I₂ = 0.68mA 1₃ = 1.28mA ��� = I₁ R = 1.96mA (1k ) = 1.96V
��� = I₂ R 2.269V
= 0.68mA (3.3k)
= 2.24V

VBC

�� = �� − ��� 6.200V
= 8 – 1.96mA(1k)
= 6.04V

VB

�� = �� − ��� 3.902V
= 6.04 – 0.68m(3.3k)
= 3.80V

VC
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 6 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

Loop 1 : - 8 + 1kI₁ + 4.7kI₃ = 0 2.00mA

Loop 2 : -4.7kI₃ + 3.3kI₂ + 5.6kI₂ = 0
KCL : I₁ = I₂ + 1₃
Arranging :
I1 1kI₁ + 0 I₂ + 4.7kI₃ = 8 -----------(1)
0 I₂ + 8.9kI₂ - 4.7kI₃ = 0 ------------(2)
I₁ - I₂ - 1₃ = 0 ------------(3)
I₁ = 1.98mA
Loop 1 : - 8 + 1kI₁ + 4.7kI₃ = 0 0.75mA
Loop 2 : -4.7kI₃ + 3.3kI₂ + 5.6kI₂ = 0
KCL : I₁ = I₂ + 1₃
Arranging :
I2 1kI₁ + 0 I₂ + 4.7kI₃ = 8 -----------(1)
0 I₂ + 8.9kI₂ - 4.7kI₃ = 0 ------------(2)
I₁ - I₂ - 1₃ = 0 ------------(3)
I₂ = 0.68mA
Loop 1 : - 8 + 1kI₁ + 4.7kI₃ = 0 1.30mA
Loop 2 : -4.7kI₃ + 3.3kI₂ + 5.6kI₂ = 0
KCL : I₁ = I₂ + 1₃
Arranging :
I3 1kI₁ + 0 I₂ + 4.7kI₃ = 8 -----------(1)
0 I₂ + 8.9kI₂ - 4.7kI₃ = 0 ------------(2)
I₁ - I₂ - 1₃ = 0 ------------(3)
1₃ = 1.28mA

(20 marks / P)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 7 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

7.1 TASK 1: KIRCHOFF VOLTAGE LAW (KVL) AND SERIES CIRCUIT

i. Compare the total voltage drop across resistors with the supply voltage.

V2.2kΩ = IA (2.2kΩ)
= 0.8m (2.2kΩ)
= 1.76V
V4.7kΩ = IB (4.7kΩ)
= 0.8m (4.7 kΩ)
= 3.36V
V5.6kΩ = IC (5.6kΩ)
= 0.8m (5.6kΩ)
= 4.48V
Total voltage drop = 1.76V + 3.36V + 4.48V = 10V
Total voltage drop = Supply voltage
The total voltage drop is equal to the supply voltage. In series circuit, voltage is
supplied to the resistors connected in series.
(2.5 marks / C1)

ii. Next, compare the current values IA, IB and IC.

IA = IB = IC = 0.8mA
In series circuit, the current that flow through all resistors are the same.

(6 marks / C1)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 8 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

iii. Write down your answer summarizing these two comparisons.

In conclusion, in series circuit, voltage is supplied to all the resistors in the circuit, which
means that the sum of voltage drop in the resistors are equal to the voltage supply. Besides
that, all resistors in series circuit share the same current value.

(4 marks / C1)
7.2 TASK 2: KIRCHOFF CURRENT LAW (KCL) AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT

i. Compare the two voltage values: VB and VB+VC.

VB is equal to 8.400V which is obtained from measurement while VB + VC is 6.200V +
3.902V = 10.102V. The value of VB is more than VC is because Node C is further from the
source, means more resistance the current has to travel through, and the greater the
voltage drop which results in lower node voltage in node C compare to node B. As current
moves through the wire, energy is dissipated due to the resistors, which causes a decrease
in voltage along the wire.

(3 marks / C1)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 9 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

ii. Then, compare all current values.

The value for I₁ is 2.00mA, the value for I₂ is 0.75mA and the value for I₃ is 1.30mA which
are all obtained from the measurement. The value for I₁ is equal to the sum of I₂ and I₃.
According to Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), the sum of current entering a node is equal to
the sum of current leaving a node. In this case, I₁ is the current entering node B and I₂ and
I₃ are the currents leaving node B.

(6 marks / C1)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 10 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)

iii. Write down your answer to summarize the comparisons in the space below.
In conclusion, the farther a node is from the voltage source, the lower the value of the
voltage node, this is because energy is dissipated due to the resistors, which causes a
decrease in voltage. Besides that, according to Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), the sum of
current entering a node is equal to the sum of current leaving a node.

(3.5 marks / C1)

 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 11 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)
CONCLUSION
At the end of the experiment, we are able to to find the relationship between the sum of the
voltage drops across series-connected resistors and the applied voltage. We are also able to
find a relationship between the sum of the currents entering any junction of an electric
circuit and the current leaving that junction. Besides that, we understand how to comply
experimentally the relationship found in objective 1.1 and 1.2.

(5marks / C2)
 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 12 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: EXP05_KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND SERIES
Effective Date 14/02/2017
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (REPORT AND ANSWER SHEET)
QUESTIONS
9.1 Discuss how theorems of KVL and KCL assist you to verify the answer obtained in this
experiment.

In task 1, in order to find the current that flows through the resistors, we use Kirchhoff's
Voltage Law (KVL), which states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path
is zero, we then applied Ohm’s Law is convert the voltage into currents multiply with
resistance, because the resistors are connected in series, the current that flows through all
the resistors are the same.

In task 2, in order to find the currents that flows in three circuits, we apply Kirchhoff's
Current Law (KCL), which states that sum of current entering a node is equal to the sum of
current leaving a node and we have obtained the first equation. We also used Kirchhoff's
Voltage Law (KVL) to find another 2 equations. We then solve the simultaneous equation to
obtained the current flowing in those three circuits.

(5 marks / C3)