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Lecture 5 System Design

Systems design is a vital phase in software development that defines the architecture and components to meet specific requirements, focusing on efficiency, scalability, and user-friendliness. Key design guidelines include modularity, security, and user-centered design, while input and output design emphasize data accuracy and presentation. Additionally, UI and database design principles ensure a positive user experience and efficient data management.

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Muwanga Habibu
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2 views

Lecture 5 System Design

Systems design is a vital phase in software development that defines the architecture and components to meet specific requirements, focusing on efficiency, scalability, and user-friendliness. Key design guidelines include modularity, security, and user-centered design, while input and output design emphasize data accuracy and presentation. Additionally, UI and database design principles ensure a positive user experience and efficient data management.

Uploaded by

Muwanga Habibu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Systems Design

LECTCURE 5
Systems Design

• Systems design is a crucial phase in software development


where the architecture, components, modules, interfaces,
and data are defined to meet specific requirements.
• It ensures that a system is efficient, scalable, and
user-friendly.
Design Guidelines

Design guidelines provide best practices and principles to ensure system efficiency,
usability, maintainability, and security.
Key principles include:
• Modularity: Breaking the system into smaller, manageable modules.
• Scalability: Designing for future growth and expansion.
• Security: Implementing authentication, encryption, and access control.
• Performance Optimization: Ensuring efficient resource usage.
• Maintainability: Using well-structured code and documentation.
• User-Centered Design: Prioritizing usability and accessibility.
• Error Handling & Recovery: Designing for fault tolerance and system stability.
Input Design

Input design determines how users enter data into the system to ensure accuracy and
efficiency.
Key considerations:
• Data Validation: Implement checks to prevent incorrect data entry (e.g., numeric
validation, mandatory fields).
• User-Friendly Forms: Use clear labels, drop-down menus, and auto-fill features.
• Minimize Data Entry Errors: Implement real-time feedback, tooltips, and
autocomplete features.
• Consistent Formatting: Standardize formats (e.g., date format, currency).
• Security Measures: Protect against SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and
other vulnerabilities.
Output Design

Output design focuses on how data is processed and presented to users.


Types of outputs:
• Reports: Summary and detailed reports for decision-making.
• Dashboards: Real-time analytics and graphical visualizations.
• Notifications & Alerts: Email/SMS/push notifications for updates.
• Print & Digital Formats: PDF, CSV, HTML, or hardcopy reports.
Cont.…. Output Design

Considerations:
• Readability: Use clear fonts, colors, and visual hierarchy.
• Real-time Processing: Deliver real-time data where necessary.
• Customization: Allow users to filter and export reports.
User Interface (UI) Design

UI design defines the visual and interactive elements of the system to enhance user
experience.
Key principles:
• Consistency: Uniform layout, buttons, and color schemes across all screens.
• Simplicity: Avoid clutter; keep navigation intuitive.
• Responsiveness: Ensure the interface adapts to different screen sizes.
• Accessibility: Support for visually impaired users (e.g., screen readers).
• Feedback Mechanism: Provide real-time validation and user feedback.
• Minimal Clicks: Optimize for efficiency with fewer steps.
UI
Database Design

Database design structures how data is stored, retrieved, and managed efficiently.
Key steps:
1. Identify Entities & Relationships: Define tables, attributes, and their relationships.
2. Normalization: Reduce redundancy and improve consistency.
3. Indexing: Improve data retrieval speed.
4. Security: Implement role-based access control (RBAC), encryption, and backups.
5. Scalability: Support future data growth with cloud solutions or distributed
databases.
Examples
Program Models

Program models define the system's software structure and logic.


Common models:
• Structural Model: Flowcharts, UML diagrams (e.g., class diagrams, sequence
diagrams).
• Object-Oriented Model: Defines objects, classes, and interactions (e.g., OOP
principles).
• Process Model: Depicts the workflow of operations (e.g., Waterfall, Agile, DevOps).
• Data Flow Diagram (DFD): Visualizes data movement in the system.
• Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD): Illustrates database structure.

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