MTHS 111 Assesment Test Memo 20 March 2023

NB: ✔is one mark and ✔is half mark

Question 1

Solve the following inequalities and write your answer using interval notation.
Los die volgende ongelykhede op en skryf jou antwoord in intervalnotasie.
1.1.
3
<1
2x + 1
[4]

3
× (2x + 1)2 < 1 × (2x + 1)2 ✔
2x + 1
3(2x + 1) < (2x + 1)2
6x + 3 < 4x2 + 4x + 1✔
0 < 4x2 − 2x − 2✔
0 < (4x + 2)(x − 1)✔

Therefore
2
x<− or 1 < x.✔
4
Thus
1
x ∈ (−∞, − ) ∪ (1, ∞)✔
2

OR

3
− 1 < 0✔
2x + 1
2 − 2x
< 0✔
2x + 1
x−1
>0
2x + 1
1
⇒x < − ✔ or x > 1✔
2
1

⇒x ∈ −∞, − ∪ (1, ∞)✔
2
OR

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 3 < 2x + 1✔ and 2x + 1 > 0✔
1
x > 1✔ and x > − ⇒ x ∈ (1, ∞)✔
2
or 3 > 2x + 1✔ and 2x + 1 < 0✔
1 1
 
x < 1✔ and x < − ⇒ x ∈ −∞, − ✔
2 2

1.2.
| − x + 3| ≤ 4
[3]
Solution

− 4 ≤ −x + 3 ≤ 4✔
− 7 ≤ −x ≤ 1
− 1 ≤ x ≤ 7✔

Therefore x ∈ [−1, 7]✔

Question 2
2.1. Complete the following properties of the natural logarithmic and exponential function.
Voltooi die volgende eienskappe van die natuurlike logaritmiese en eksponensiale funksie.

ln x = y ⇐⇒ ey = x✔, x > 0,

ln(ex ✔) = x, x ∈ R,

eln x✔ = x, x > 0.

[2]
2.2. On which definition (mathematical concept) are these properties based? Only provide the name,
not the full definition. / Op watter definisie (wiskundige konsep) is hierdie eienskappe gebasseer? Gee
slegs die naam, nie die volledige definisie nie.
[1]

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Answer:
Inverse function ✔

Question 3

3.1. Find the exact value of x in the equation below.

Bepaal die eksakte waarde van x in die vergelyking hieronder.

log3 (x − 8) = 2 − log3 x

Solution

log3 (x − 8) + log3 x = 2
log3 {x(x − 8)✔} = 2 log3 3✔
log3 {x(x − 8)} = log3 32 ✔
x2 − 8x − 9 = 0
(x + 1)(x − 9) = 0✔

Therefore x = −1 or x = 9. Since the argument of log has to be greater than zero then our only
solution is x = 9✔.
[3]

3.2. Solve the following equation and express the solution in terms of ln and/or e.
Los die volgende vergelyking op en druk die oplossing uit in terme van ln en/of e.

ln(2x + 5) = 1

[2]
Solution:

eln(2x+5) =e1 ✔
2x + 5 =e
e−5
x= ✔
2

Question 4

Given the functions f and g as follows: / Gegee die funksies f en g as volg:

√
f (x) = 2 − x

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 √
g(x) = x
4.1. Determine the composite function (f ◦ g)(x). / Bepaal die saamgestelde funksie (f ◦ g)(x). [1]

Answer:

(f ◦ g)(x) =f (g(x))
q √
= 2− x ✔

4.2. Determine the domain of (f ◦ g)(x) by using the definition.

Bepaal die definisieversameling van f ◦ g deur die definisie te gebruik. [4]
Answer:

x ∈ Dg ✔ and g(x) ∈ Df ✔
√
⇒x ≥ 0✔ and x ≤ 2✔
√
⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2✔
⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 4✔
⇒0 ≤ x ≤ 4✔

MTHS111: Assessment test memo | 4/10

Question 5

Give the complete formal definition of the inverse function of h(x) = sin x. Graph both h−1 (x)
and h(x) on the same set of axes, with all the asymptotes and intersections clearly indicated where
applicable and axes clearly labeled. / Gee die volledige formele definisie van die inverse funksie van
h(x) = sin x. Skets beide h−1 (x) en h(x) op dieselfde assestelsel, met al die asimptote en afsnitte
duidelik aangedui waar van toepassing en asse duidelik genommer. [5]

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Question 6
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Explain your answer. (No mark will
be awarded if an explanation is not provided.) / Dui aan of die volgende stellings waar of vals is.
Verduidelik jou antwoord. (Geen punt sal toegeken word indien ’n verduideliking nie verskaf word nie.)

6.1. The function f (x) = −|x| + 2 is an example of an even function.

Die funksie f (x) = −|x| + 2 is ’n voorbeeld van ’n ewe funksie.
Answer: True ✔. Because f (−x) = −| − x| + 2 = −|x| + 2 = f (x).✔
[2]

6.2. Each function has an inverse function. / Elke funksie het ’n inverse funksie.
Answer: False✔. Because only one-to-one functions have inverses. ✔
[2]

Question 7
Prove the following limit identity. / Bewys die volgende limietidentiteit.
tan θ
lim = 1.
θ→0 θ

Answer: We prove that the RHS simplifies to 1

Proof:
tan θ sin θ
lim = lim ✔
θ→0 θ θ→0 θ cos θ
sin θ 1
   
= lim · ✔
θ→0 θ cos θ
sin θ 1
  
= lim lim ✔
θ→0 θ θ→0 cos θ
1
=1 ×
1
=1✔
[2]

Question 8
Use the formal definition of the limit to show that
Gebruik die formele definisie van die limiet om aan te toon dat
√
lim 5 − x = 0.
x→5−

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 √
Solution: (We find δ > 0 such that if 5 − δ < x < 5 then | 5 − x − 0| < ϵ.)
Now, take any ϵ > 0.
√
| 5 − x − 0| < ϵ
√
0< 5−x<ϵ
0 < 5 − x < ϵ2
5 < −x < ϵ2 − 5
ϵ2 − 5 < x < 5

Choose δ = ϵ2 ✔
Proof: ∀ ϵ > 0, ∃ δ = ϵ2 so that if

5−δ <x<5
⇒ − δ < x − 5 < 0✔
⇒0 < 5 − x < δ
√ √
⇒ 5 − x < δ✔
√ √
⇒ 5 − x < ϵ2
√
⇒| 5 − x − 0| < ϵ✔
√
⇒ lim 5 − x = 0✔
x→5−

[5]

Question 9

9.1. Write down the complete Squeeze theorem and elucidate it with a sketch.
Skryf die volledige Knyptangstelling neer en lig dit toe met ’n skets.
[3]
Answer:

Let f , g, and h be the functions and lim represents one of the limits ✔. Now suppose an open interval
I exists, such that f (x) ≤ g(x) ≤ h(x) ✔for all x ∈ I. If

lim f (x) = lim h(x) = L,

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then
lim g(x) = L.✔

9.2. Determine the limit below using the Squeeze theorem.

Bepaal die limiet hieronder deur die Knyptangstelling te gebruik.
1
lim x4 cos
x→0 x
[2]
Solution
1
−1 ≤ cos ≤ 1✔
x
1
⇔ −x4 ≤ x4 cos ≤ x4 , x4 > 0✔
x
but lim (−x4 ) = 0 = lim x4 ✔
x→0 x→0
1
⇒ lim x cos = 0✔ by
4
Squeeze Theorem
x→0 x

Question 10
10.1. Define the following terms using formal Mathematics.
Definieer die volgende terme deur formele Wiskunde te gebruik.
10.1.1. Horizontal asymptote / Horisontale asimptoot [2]
Answer: The line y = y0 ✔ is a horizontal asymptote of f if

lim f (x) = y0 ✔ or lim f (x) = yo ✔

x→∞ x→−∞

10.1.2. 10.1.2. Vertical asymptote / Vertikale asimptoot [2]

Answer: The line x = x0 ✔ is a vertical asymptote of f if

lim f (x) = ±∞✔ or lim f (x) = ±∞✔

x→x0 x→−x0

10.2. Find ONE horizontal asymptote and ONE vertical asymptote of the function g(x) below using
limit calculations indicating the behaviour of the function with the symbols ±∞. Show complete
calculations for all limits calculated, not just answers. Or provide a short explanation or sketch to
confirm the answers.
Bepaal EEN horisontale asimptoot en EEN vertikale asimptoot van die funksie g(x) hieronder deur
limietberekeninge te gebruik en die gedrag van die funksie aan te toon met die simbole ±∞. Toon
volledige berekeninge vir alle limiete, nie net antwoorde nie. Of verskaf ’n kort verduideliking of skets
om die antwoorde te bevestig.
x2 + 1
g(x) =
3x − 2x2

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 [6]

Solution:

x2 + 1 x2
lim = lim ✔
x→∞ 3x − 2x2 x→∞ −2x2
1
= lim
x→∞ −2
1
=− ✔
2
Therefore the line y = − 21 ✔ is a horizontal asymptote of g.
OR
x2 + 1 x2
lim = lim ✔
x→−∞ 3x − 2x2 x→−∞ −2x2
1
= lim
x→−∞ −2
1
=− ✔
2
Therefore the line y = − 21 ✔ is a horizontal asymptote of g.

x2 + 1 x2 + 1
lim = lim ✔
x→0− 3x − 2x2 x→0− x(3 − 2x)
= − ∞✔

x2 + 1 x2 + 1
lim = lim ✔
x→0+ 3x − 2x 2 x→0+ x(3 − 2x)
=∞✔

Therefore the line x = 0✔ is the vertical asymptote of g. NB that the line x = 3/2 is also the vertical
asymptote of g.

Question 11

11.1. List three conditions that must be satisfied for the function f to be continuous at the point a.
Lys drie voorwaardes wat bevredig moet word vir die funksie f om kontinu te wees by die punt a.

Answer:

• f (a) exists (f defined in point a),✔

• lim f (x) exists, and ✔

x→a

• lim f (x) = f (a).✔

x→a

[3]

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11.2. Using the appropriate continuity theorem determine whether the function g(t) is continuous
on the interval [−1, 1]. / Gebruik die geskikte kontinuïteitstelling en bepaal of die funksie g(t)
kontinu is op die interval [−1, 1]. p
g(t) = 1 − 1 − t2 .
[2]
Solution: g(t) is a root function ✔ and its continuous on Dg .
Dg = [−1, 1]✔ g(t) is continuous on its domain.

Question 12
Consider the continuity theorem for a composite function and its proof.
Beskou die kontinuïteitstelling vir ’n saamgestelde funksie en sy bewys.
If the function g is continuous at the point a and the function f is continuous at the point g(a), then
the function f ◦ g is continuous at the point a. / As die funksie g kontinu is in die punt a en die
funksie f is kontinu in die punt g(a), dan is die funksie f ◦ g kontinu in die punt a.
Proof/Bewys:
lim (f ◦ g)(x) = lim f (g(x)) A
x→a x→a
= f ( lim g(x)) B
x→a
= f (g(a)) C
= (f ◦ g)(a) D
This implies the function f ◦ g is continuous in the point a. E
Hierdie impliseer dat die funksie f ◦ g kontinu is in die punt a.
Answer the following questions. / Beantwoord die volgende vrae.
12.1. Which definition is used to determine steps A and D? Only provide the name, not the full
definition. / Watter definisie is gebruik om stappe A en D te bepaal? Gee slegs die naam van die
definisie, nie die volledige definisie nie. [1]
Answer: Composite function ✔

12.2. Which definition is used to determine steps C and E? Only provide the name, not the full
definition. / Watter definisie is gebruik om stappe C en E te bepaal? Gee slegs die naam van die
definisie, nie die volledige definisie nie. [1]
Answer: Continuity ✔

12.3 Explain why the limit property for composite functions may be used to determine step B.
Verduidelik hoekom die limieteienskap vir saamgestelde funksies gebruik mag word om stap B te bepaal.
[2]

Answer: lim g(x) = g(a) since g is continuous at point a ✔ and f is continuous at the point g(a). ✔
x→a

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Question 13

13.1. Define the concept of right differentiability of a function using formal Mathematics.
Definieer die konsep van regsdifferensieerbaarheid van ’n funksie deur formele Wiskunde te gebruik.
[2]

Answer: The function f is said to be right differentiable at the point x if the right derivative
f (x + h) − f (x)
f+′ (x) = lim
h→0+ h
exists. ✔✔

13.2. List three conditions that must be satisfied for the function f (x) to be differentiable on the closed
interval [a, b]. / Lys drie voorwaardes wat bevredig moet word vir die funksie f (x) om differensieerbaar
op die geslote interval [a, b] te wees.
Solution
• f should be differentiable on the open interval (a, b), ✔

• f should be right differentiable at the point a, ✔

• f should be left differentiable at the point b. ✔

13.3. Determine whether the function f is differentiable at the point x = 0 using the appropriate
definitions of differentiation. / Bepaal of die funksie f differensieerbaar is in die punt x = 0 deur die
geskikte definisies van differensiasie te gebruik.

f (x) = |x| + 1.

Solution:

x+1 if x≥0
(
f (x) =
−x + 1 if x<0

f (0 + h) − f (0)
f+′ (0) = lim
h→0+ h
(0 + h) + 1 − (0 + 1)
= lim ✔
h→0+ h
h
= lim
h→0 h
+

= 1✔

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 f (0 + h) − f (0)
f−′ (0) = lim
h→0− h
−(0 + h) + 1 − (0 + 1)
= lim ✔
h→0 − h
−h
= lim
h→0 − h
= − 1✔

The left derivative is not the same as the right derivative, .i.e.,

f+′ (0) ̸= f−′ (0), ✔

therefore f is not differentiable ✔ at the point x = 0.

[5]

Question 14

Given the function g(x) = |2x − 2|. Use the definition of a derivative to determine g ′ (x).
Gegee die funksie g(x) = |2x − 2|. Gebruik die definisie van ’n afgeleide om g ′ (x) te bepaal.

Solution

|2(x + h) − 2| − |2x − 2|
g ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
|2x − 2 + 2h| − |2x − 2|
= lim
h→0 h
(|2x − 2 + 2h| − |2x − 2|)(|2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|)
= lim ✔
h→0 h(|2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|)
(2x − 2 + 2h)2 − (2x − 2)2
= lim ✔
h→0 h(|2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|)

(2x − 2)2 + 4h(2x − 2) + 4h2 − 4x2 + 8x − 4

= lim ✔
h→0 h(|2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|)
4x2 − 8x + 4 + 8xh − 8h + 4h2 − 4x2 + 8x − 4
= lim ✔
h→0 h(|2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|)
8xh − 8h + 4h2
= lim ✔
h→0 h(|2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|)
8x − 8 + 4h
= lim ✔
h→0 |2x − 2 + 2h| + |2x − 2|
8x − 8
= ✔
|2x − 2| + |2x − 2|
8(x − 1)
=
4|x − 1|
2(x − 1)
= ✔
|x − 1|

MTHS111: Assessment test memo | 12/10

or
2x − 2 if x>1
(
g(x) =
−2x + 2 if x<1
g ′ (x) for x > 1

2(x + h) − 2 − (2x − 2)
g ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
2h
= lim
h→0 h
= 2✔

g ′ (x) for x < 1

−2(x + h) + 2 − (−2x + 2)
g ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
−2h
= lim
h→0 h
= − 2✔

′ 2(1 + h) − 2 − (2 · 1 − 2)
g+ (1) = lim
h→0+ h
2h
= lim
h→0+ h
= 2✔

′ −2(1 + h) + 2 − (−2 · 1 + 2)
g− (1) = lim
h→0− h
−2h
= lim
h→0− h
= − 2✔

⇒ g ′ (1)∄.

The derivative of g is
2 if x>1 ✔
(
′
g (x) =
−2 if x<1

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