MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GURU GOBIND SINGH POLYTECHNIC, NASHIK

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2024-2025

Comparative Report on Different Types of

Operating Systems (OS)

Program: Computer Engineering

Program code: CO
Course: Operating System
Course code: 22516
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Ms.

Roll
Sr. No Name of Student
No
1 Shravan Khaladkar 68
2 Shreyash Khare 69
3 Ritesh Patil 71
4 Kunal Shewale 72

of Fifth Semester of Diploma in Computer Engineering of Institute, Guru Gobind Singh

Polytechnic, Nashik (Institute Code: 0369) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in Subject –Operating System (22516) for the academic year 2024-2025 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

Sr. No Enrollment No. Exam Seat No.

1 23611180148
2 23611180149
3 23611180152
4 23611180155

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GURU GOBIND SINGH POLYTECHNIC, NASHIK

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2024-2025

TITLE OF PROJECT

Program: Computer Engineering

Program code: CO

Course: Operating System

Course code:22516

Group Details:
Sr. No Name of group members Roll No. Enrollment No. Seat No.

1 Shravan Khaladkar 68 23611180148

2 Shreyash Khare 69 23611180149
3 Ritesh Patil 71 23611180152
4 Kunal Shewale 72 23611180155
 ANNEXURE II

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2024-2025 Name of the Faculty: Mrs.Pramila S. Gaidhani

Course: Operating System Course code: 22516 Semester: 5I

Title of the project: Comparative Report on Different Types of Operating Systems (OS)

Cos addressed by Micro Project:

a. Install Operating System and configure it.

b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
d. Apply file management techniques.
e. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

1) Explain characteristics of given type of operating system.

2) Explain functions carried out in process state.

3) Explain given file system structure with example.

4) Differentiate between user services & system services with example.

(b) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1) Follow safety practices.

2) Practice good housekeeping.

3) Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member.

4) Maintain tools and equipment.

5) Follow ethical practices.

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4for

for performance performance in
Roll No Student Name in group activity oral/ presentation Total out of 10
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
68 Shravan Khaladkar
69 Shreyash Khare

71 Ritesh Patil

72 Kunal Shewale

Mrs.P.S.Gaidhani
(Name & Signature of Faculty)
Report:
Operating Systems (OS) are critical components of modern computing devices, managing
hardware resources and providing services for software applications. Different types of OS
are designed to meet the specific needs of various computing environments, from desktop PCs
to embedded systems, mobile devices, and servers. This report compares several prominent
types of operating systems based on their features, uses, and characteristics.

1. Desktop Operating Systems

Desktop OS are designed for personal and office use on desktop computers and laptops.
Examples:
 Windows
 macOS
 Linux (various distributions, e.g., Ubuntu, Fedora)

Key Features:
 User Interface (UI): Graphical User Interface (GUI), providing an easy-to-use visual
interface for users.
 -File Management: Comprehensive file systems with advanced file management (e.g.,
NTFS for Windows, APFS for macOS, ext4 for Linux).
 Multitasking: Support for running multiple applications simultaneously.
 Security: Varies by OS; Windows tends to have more vulnerabilities, while macOS
and Linux are often considered more secure.
 -Software Ecosystem: Windows has a large software library, macOS has strong
integration with Apple software, and Linux supports a wide variety of open-source
applications.
 Updates: Regular software updates for security and features.

Comparison:
 Windows: Most popular desktop OS, compatible with a wide range of hardware, and
known for its compatibility with various third-party software.
 macOS: Optimized for Apple hardware, with a focus on design, security, and seamless
integration across devices in the Apple ecosystem.
  Linux: Highly customizable, open-source, and free; favored by developers and those
who prioritize control over their system and privacy.

2. Server Operating Systems

Server OS are optimized for managing networked servers, providing services such as web
hosting, database management, and enterprise applications.

Examples:
 Windows Server
 Linux Server (e.g., Ubuntu Server, CentOS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
 Unix (e.g., AIX, Solaris)

Key Features:
 Networking: Advanced networking capabilities to support large-scale networked
environments.
 Scalability: High scalability to handle a large number of simultaneous users and tasks.
 Security: Robust security measures, with advanced user management, firewalls, and
encryption.
 -Virtualization: Many server OS support virtualization for creating multiple virtual
servers on a single physical machine.
 Reliability: High availability and uptime, often featuring failover systems and
redundancy.

Comparison:
 Windows Server: Provides a user-friendly interface and integration with Microsoft
products, making it a common choice for enterprises using Microsoft software. It is
generally seen as easier to manage but requires licensing fees.
 Linux Server: Open-source and highly customizable, making it the preferred choice
for web hosting, cloud services, and enterprise environments. It is often more cost-
effective, and its security and stability are top-notch.
  Unix: A powerful, multi-user, multitasking OS with a history in enterprise computing.
It is often used in critical systems, but is less common today compared to Linux.

3.Mobile Operating Systems

Mobile OS are optimized for handheld devices like smartphones and tablets.

Examples:
- Android
-iOS
- HarmonyOS (Huawei)

Key Features:
 Touch Interface: Designed for touch-based input (gestures, taps).
 App Ecosystem: Access to mobile applications via app stores (Google Play for
Android, App Store for iOS).
 Power Management: Energy-efficient, with features to extend battery life.
 Security: Mobile OS are focused on privacy, data security, and app sandboxing.
 Connectivity: Integration with cellular networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, etc.

Comparison:
 Android: Open-source and highly customizable, with a large user base and support for
a wide range of devices. Google's integration and service offerings (like Google Play)
are a major part of the ecosystem.
 iOS: Proprietary OS developed by Apple, known for its high security, performance,
and seamless integration with other Apple products (iPad, Mac, Apple Watch).
 HarmonyOS: Huawei's OS, developed as an alternative to Android, focusing on an
ecosystem across a range of devices (smartphones, smartwatches, tablets).
4. Embedded Operating Systems
Embedded OS are designed for specialized devices and often run on microcontrollers or
embedded hardware.

Examples
- RTOS (Real-Time Operating Systems)
- FreeRTOS
- VxWorks
- QNX
-Embedded Linux

Key Features
 Real-Time Processing: Designed for systems where timing and predictability are
crucial (e.g., automotive systems, medical devices, industrial control systems).
 Resource Efficiency: Optimized for minimal memory and power consumption.
 Reliability: Must be extremely reliable and fault-tolerant.
 Modularity: Often customizable to meet the specific needs of the hardware and
application

Comparison:
 RTOS: Real-time operating systems prioritize fast and predictable response times.
They are critical for systems that control hardware or require precise timing.
 Embedded Linux: A lightweight, customizable version of Linux used in embedded
systems, offering flexibility and a rich set of development tools, though not always
real-time.
5. Mainframe Operating Systems
Mainframe OS are designed for large, powerful computers used by large organizations for
critical applications, such as bulk data processing.

Examples:
- IBM z/OS
-Unisys OS 2200

Key Features:
 High Throughput: Capable of processing vast amounts of data and supporting
thousands of simultaneous users.
 Reliability and Availability: Extremely reliable, with redundant systems to minimize
downtime.
 Security: Strong security features for handling sensitive information.
 Virtualization: Mainframes often use virtualization to host multiple operating systems
or workloads simultaneously.

Comparison:
 z/OS: IBM’s z/OS is used on mainframe computers, known for its high throughput and
reliability. It supports legacy applications and modern workloads.
 OS 2200: Unisys's OS, designed for mainframe systems with a focus on transaction
processing and data security.
6. Cloud Operating Systems
Cloud OS manage virtualized resources and services in cloud environments.

Examples:
- Google Chrome OS
- Amazon AWS OS (e.g., EC2 instances, Linux-based
- Microsoft Azure OS

Key Features:
 Virtualization: Support for running virtual machines (VMs) and containers.
 Scalability: Resources can be dynamically scaled up or down based on demand.
 Remote Access: Designed to be accessed remotely via the internet.
 Security: Emphasizes secure access, data encryption, and isolated environments for
different users.

Comparison:
 Google Chrome OS: A lightweight OS that primarily runs web-based applications,
used in cloud-connected devices like Chromebooks.
 AWS OS: Amazon’s cloud infrastructure relies on custom Linux-based OS for
handling cloud workloads, providing scalable and flexible solutions for developers.
 Microsoft Azure OS: Similar to AWS, it is designed for running cloud services on
virtual machines or containers, with integrations to enterprise applications.
Conclusion

Operating systems vary widely in their design and functionality to meet the needs of different
computing environments.

Summary:

 Desktop OS (Windows, macOS, Linux) are user-friendly and optimized for personal
computing.
 Server OS (Windows Server, Linux Server) are designed for scalability, security, and
network management.
 Mobile OS(Android, iOS) are optimized for mobile devices with touch interfaces and
energy efficiency.
 Embedded OS (RTOS, Embedded Linux) are lightweight, resource-efficient, and real-
time for specialized devices.
 Mainframe OS (z/OS, OS 2200) are high-performance, reliable, and handle large-scale
processing.
 Cloud OS (Google Chrome OS, AWS, Microsoft Azure) manage virtualized cloud
resources and services, supporting remote access and scalability.