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Introduction-to-Data-Models-in-Database-Management-Systems 1

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2 views

Introduction-to-Data-Models-in-Database-Management-Systems 1

dbms

Uploaded by

aryansabale7625
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Data Models in
Database
Management
Systems
Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of data
structures within a database. It's a crucial first step in database design,
ensuring data is organized efficiently and effectively. Different models
exist, each with strengths and weaknesses depending on the specific
needs of the application. Choosing the right model is paramount for
database performance, scalability, and maintainability. This presentation
will explore several key data models, highlighting their characteristics and
applications.

by Soham Sontale
Relational Data Model
Tables and Relationships SQL and Relational Databases

The relational model organizes data into tables with rows Structured Query Language (SQL) is the standard language
(records) and columns (attributes). Relationships between for interacting with relational databases. SQL allows for
tables are established through common attributes (keys), complex queries, data manipulation, and database
enabling efficient data retrieval and manipulation. This administration. Popular relational database management
structure facilitates data integrity and consistency. systems (RDBMS) include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and
Microsoft SQL Server.
Hierarchical Data Model

Tree-like Structure
Hierarchical models organize data in a tree-like structure, with a single root node and multiple child nodes. Each
1
node can have only one parent, representing a parent-child relationship. This structure is suitable for
representing hierarchical data like organizational charts or file systems.

Limitations
The hierarchical model's rigid structure can limit flexibility. Representing many-to-many relationships requires
2
complex workarounds, and modifying the structure can be challenging. These limitations have led to the decline
in the popularity of this model in modern database design.

Examples
Hierarchical data models were prominent in earlier database systems, but their use is now mostly restricted to
3
specific niche applications where a strict tree-like structure is beneficial. Examples include some legacy systems
and specific XML document management.
Network Data Model

1 Complex 2 Pointers and Sets


Relationships
Records are connected via
The network model pointers, creating a
extends the hierarchical network of interconnected
model by allowing many-to- data. Records are grouped
many relationships into sets, which are
between records. This collections of records
increased flexibility enables related to a given owner
the representation of more record.
complex data structures
compared to purely
hierarchical models.

3 Less Common Today


Despite offering more flexibility than hierarchical models, the
complexity of navigating relationships in network models has led
to their decline in favor of relational models. They are rarely used
in modern database systems.
Object-Oriented Data
Model
Objects and Classes Inheritance and
Polymorphism
Data is represented as
objects, which encapsulate Inheritance allows classes to
both data (attributes) and inherit attributes and
methods (operations). Objects methods from parent classes,
are instances of classes, which promoting code reusability.
define the structure and Polymorphism allows objects
behavior of objects. of different classes to be
treated as objects of a
common type.

Complex Data Types


The object-oriented model supports complex data types such as
images, audio, and video, making it suitable for handling multimedia
data.
Entity-Relationship Model

1 Entities and Attributes


The ER model represents data as entities (objects) and
their attributes (properties). Entities represent real-
world objects or concepts, such as customers, products,
or orders.

Relationships
2
Relationships define how entities are connected.
Relationships can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-
to-many, reflecting the real-world associations between
entities.

Database Design
3
ER diagrams are used to visually represent the database
structure before implementing it in a specific database
system. This approach improves database design,
ensuring a well-structured and efficient database.
Normalization in Data
Modeling
Normal Form Description

1NF Eliminates repeating groups of


data

2NF Eliminates redundant data that


depends on only part of the
primary key

3NF Eliminates transitive


dependency

BCNF Handles more complex


dependencies

Normalization is a process used to organize data to reduce redundancy


and improve data integrity. Different normal forms exist, each eliminating
specific types of redundancy. Choosing the appropriate level of
normalization depends on the specific needs of the application, balancing
data integrity with performance considerations.

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