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Introduction-to-Data-Models-in-DBMS (3)

Data models

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2 views

Introduction-to-Data-Models-in-DBMS (3)

Data models

Uploaded by

aryansabale7625
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Data

Models in DBMS
Data models are the fundamental building blocks of database
management systems (DBMS). They provide a structured way to
represent, store, and manipulate data, enabling efficient data storage,
retrieval, and management. Understanding the evolution and
characteristics of various data models is crucial for designing effective
database solutions that cater to the diverse needs of modern applications.

by Soham Sontale
Hierarchical Data Model
Parent-Child Relationship 1
The hierarchical data model organizes data in a
tree-like structure, where data is arranged in a
parent-child relationship. Each parent node can 2 Navigation and Traversal
have multiple child nodes, but each child node can Data is accessed and traversed through the
have only one parent. hierarchical structure, typically starting from the
root node and navigating down to the desired child
nodes. This model is well-suited for applications
Limitations 3 with well-defined and stable relationships, such as
The hierarchical model's rigid structure can make it organizational structures or bill of materials.
challenging to represent complex relationships and
can lead to data redundancy, as data may need to
be duplicated across multiple levels of the hierarchy.
Network Data Model
Flexible Relationships Navigational Access Increased Complexity
The network data model builds upon Data is accessed and traversed The network model's increased
the hierarchical model by allowing through explicit paths defined by the flexibility can also lead to greater
many-to-many relationships between network of relationships. This model is complexity in the database design and
data elements. This flexibility enables well-suited for applications that management. Maintaining the integrity
the representation of more complex require complex, non-hierarchical data of the network structure and ensuring
data structures and relationships. structures, such as logistics and efficient data access can be
transportation systems. challenging.
Relational Data Model

1 Tabular Representation 2 Relationships and Normalization


The relational data model represents data in the form of The relational model uses keys and foreign keys to
tables, also known as relations, consisting of rows establish relationships between tables, enabling
(tuples) and columns (attributes). This structure complex data structures to be represented.
provides a more intuitive and structured way to Normalization techniques are applied to minimize data
organize and access data. redundancy and maintain data integrity.

3 Querying and Manipulation 4 Scalability and Flexibility


The relational model is accompanied by a powerful The relational model's scalability and flexibility have
query language, SQL (Structured Query Language), made it the dominant data model in modern DBMS, with
which allows for efficient data retrieval, manipulation, widespread adoption across various industries and
and management. This makes the relational model applications.
suitable for a wide range of applications.
Object-Oriented Data Model
Data and Behavior Integration Inheritance and Polymorphism
The object-oriented data model integrates data and The object-oriented model supports the concepts of
behavior (methods) into self-contained units called inheritance and polymorphism, enabling the creation of
objects. This allows for the representation of complex, hierarchical class structures and the reuse of code and
real-world entities and their associated operations. data across related objects.

Encapsulation and Abstraction Suitability for Complex Applications


Objects in the object-oriented model encapsulate their The object-oriented model is well-suited for applications
internal data and provide well-defined interfaces for that require the representation of complex, real-world
accessing and manipulating the data, promoting data entities and their interactions, such as multimedia,
abstraction and information hiding. geographic information systems, and computer-aided
design (CAD) applications.
Entity-Relationship (ER)
Model

Entities Relationships
The ER model represents the real- The ER model captures the
world objects or concepts as associations between entities,
entities, which are the fundamental allowing for the representation of
building blocks of the model. complex data structures and
interactions.

Attributes ER Diagrams
Entities and relationships in the ER ER diagrams are a visual
model are further described by representation of the ER model,
their attributes, which provide providing a clear and intuitive way
additional details and to design and communicate
characteristics. database structures.
Evolution of Data Models
1 2 3 4

Hierarchical and Relational Model Object-Oriented and Modern Trends


Network Models The relational data model, ER Models Emerging trends, such as
The early data models, introduced in the 1970s, As data became more NoSQL databases and big
such as the hierarchical provided a more flexible complex, the object- data, have introduced new
and network models, were and intuitive way to oriented and entity- data models and
designed to represent the represent and manage relationship models approaches to address the
rigid, tree-like structures of data, leading to its emerged to better capture challenges of handling
data common in the 1960s widespread adoption. the relationships and large, unstructured, and
and 1970s. attributes of real-world rapidly changing data.
entities.
Conclusion
The evolution of data models in DBMS has been driven by the changing
needs and requirements of applications, as well as advancements in
technology. Each data model has its own strengths and weaknesses, and
the choice of the appropriate model depends on the specific
requirements of the application. Understanding the characteristics and
tradeoffs of different data models is crucial for designing effective
database solutions that can meet the growing demands of modern data-
driven applications.

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