BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

City Of Balanga, Bataan

College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

CE Correlation Course
Practice Problems (HGE 5)
)
Situation 1 - The flow rate of water through the pipe system shown in the figure is 45 L/s under total
head loss of 8.5 m. Assume C = 120 for all pipes.

1. Calculate the flow through Line B in L/s.

A. 19.5 C. 22.1
B. 20.7 D. 23.3

2. Calculate the head loss in Line B in meters.

A. 2.63 C. 2.87
B. 2.74 D. 3.01

3. Determine the diameter of Line C in mm.

A. 140 C. 160
B. 150 D. 170

Situation 2 - A pipe carrying oil of sp. gr. 0.877 changes in size from 150 mm at section A to 450 mm at
section B. Section A is 3.66 m lower than B, and the pressures are 91.0 kPa and 60.3 kPa, respectively.
If the discharge is 0.146 m^3/s, determine the following:

4. Total energy head in meters at Section A.

A. 12.7 C. 13.7
B. 13.2 D. 14.1

5. Direction of flow.
A. A to B C. Cannot be determined
B. B to A D. None of the above

6. Head loss.
A. 3.4 m C. 3.8 m
B. 3.6 m D. 4.0 m

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

Situation 3 - A U-tube acts as a water siphon. The bend in the tube is 1 m above the water surface; the
tube outlet is 7 m below the water surface. The water issues from the bottom of the siphon as a free jet
at atmospheric pressure. Neglect frictional losses.

7. Determine the speed of the free jet.

A. 11.72 m/s C. 13.40 m/s
B. 12.88 m/s D. 14.57 m/s

8. Determine the minimum absolute pressure of the water in the bend.

A. 21.75 kPa C. 23.17 kPa
B. 22.84 kPa D. 24.45 kPa

9. Determine the total energy in point A.

A. 0m C. 8.63 m
B. 12 m D. 3.17 m

Situation 4 - Water flows through the 2-in diameter pipe at 0.2 ft^3/s. The pressure at A is 30 psi.
Assume there is no frictional head loss.

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

10. Compute the velocity of flow throughout the pipe.

A. 7.252 ft/s C. 9.167 ft/s
B. 8.592 ft/s D. 9.442 ft/s

11. Determine the pressure at C.

A. 24.7 psi C. 28.5 psi
B. 27.2 psi D. 29.1 psi

12. Determine the total head in the flow.

A. 70.5 ft C. 73.7 ft
B. 72.4 ft D. 74.8 ft

Situation 5 - Three pipes are connected in series. The first pipe has a diameter of 500 mm and a length
of 600 m. The second pipe has a diameter of 400 mm and a length of 500 m. The third pipe has a diameter
of 300 mm and a length of 200 m. Use f = 0.02 for all pipes. If Q = 0.8 m^3/s,

13. What is the total head loss in pipe 1?

A. 20.30 m C. 23.85 m
B. 22.18 m D. 24.66 m

14. What is the total head loss from pipe 1 to pipe 3?

A. 153.19 m C. 157.40 m
B. 155.79 m D. 158.94 m

15. What is the equivalent diameter of a single pipe having the same properties that could replace the
three pipes?
A. 327 mm C. 387 mm
B. 362 mm D. 426 mm

Situation 6 - Water flows from an upper reservoir to a lower one while passing through a turbine as
shown. Neglect minor losses. The 250-mm diameter pipe has a total length of 100 m. Use Q = 0.15 m^3/s
and C = 120.

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

16. Find the velocity of water.

A. 2.51 m/s C. 2.88 m/s
B. 2.76 m/s D. 3.06 m/s

17. Find the head loss due to friction.

A. 3.59 m C. 3.79 m
B. 3.69 m D. 3.89 m

18. Find the power generated by the turbine.

A. 181 kW C. 201 kW
B. 191 kW D. 211 kW

Situation 7 - The pipe flow in the figure is driven by pressurized air in the tank. Assuming f = 0.014 and
the flow rate is 13.60 liters/sec.

19. Find the velocity of the water in the pipe.

A. 6.49 m/s C. 6.93 m/s
B. 6.70 m/s D. 7.27 m/s

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

20. Find the head loss in the pipe neglecting minor losses.
A. 109.5 m C. 111.5 m
B. 110.5 m D. 112.5 m

21. Find the gage pressure needed to provide a flow rate of 13.60 liters/sec.
A. 1904 kPa C. 2024 kPa
B. 1981 kPa D. 2078 kPa

Situation 8 - Three pipes A, B and C are connected in parallel. If the combined discharged of the 3 pipes
is equal to 0.61 m^3/s, and assuming they have equal values of friction factor “f”, compute the following
using the tabulated data shown.
Pipeline Length Diameter
A 600 m 150 mm
B 480 m 200 mm
C 750 m 100 mm

22. Compute the rate of flow of pipeline A in li/sec.

A. 159 li/sec C. 179 li/sec
B. 169 li/sec D. 189 li/sec

23. Compute the rate of flow of pipeline B in li/sec.

A. 357 li/sec C. 377 li/sec
B. 367 li/sec D. 387 li/sec

24. Compute the rate of flow of pipeline C in li/sec.

A. 44 li/sec C. 64 li/sec
B. 54 li/sec D. 74 li/sec

Situation 9 - Two reservoirs A and B have elevations of 250 m and 100 m respectively. It is connected
by a pipe having a diameter of 25-mm Ø and a length of 100 m. A turbine is installed at point in between
reservoirs A and B. If C = 120, compute the following if the discharge flowing in the pipe is 150 liters/sec.

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

25. Head loss of pipe due to friction.

A. 3.33 m C. 3.89 m
B. 3.67 m D. 4.24 m

26. The head extracted by the turbine.

A. 144.27 m C. 146.11 m
B. 145.76 m D. 146.33 m

27. The power generated by the turbine.

A. 213 kW C. 217 kW
B. 215 kW D. 219 kW

Situation 10 In climates with low night-time temperatures, an energy-efficient way of cooling a house
is to install a fan in the ceiling that draws air from the interior of the house and discharges it to a
ventilated attic space. Consider a house whose interior air volume is 720 m3. If air in the house is to be
exchanged once every 20 minutes, determine:

28. The required flow rate of the fan (m3/s)

A. 0.60 C. 0.40
B. 0.50 D. 0.30

29. The average discharge speed of air if the fan diameter is 0.5 m (m/s)
A. 2.41 C. 3.06
B. 1.22 D. 2.14

Situation 11 A garden hose attached with a nozzle is used to fill a 20-gal bucket. The inner diameter of
the hose is 1 in and it reduces to 0.5 in at the nozzle exit. If the average velocity in the hose is 8 ft/s,
determine:

30. The volume flow rate of water through the hose (ft3/s)
A. 0.0466 C. 0.0612
B. 0.0632 D. 0.0436

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

31. The mass flow rate of water through the hose (slugs/s)
A. 2.57 C. 1.79
B. 1.24 D. 2.72

32. How long it will take to fill the bucket with water (s)
A. 27.3 C. 58.6
B. 88.1 D. 63.1

33. The average velocity of water at the nozzle exit (ft/s)

A. 68 C. 52
B. 36 D. 32

Situation 12 Air whose density is 0.082 slugs/ft3 enters the duct of an air-conditioning system at a
volume flow rate of 450 ft3/min. If the diameter of the duct is 16 in, determine:

34. The velocity of the air at the duct inlet (ft/s)

A. 26.9 C. 24.4
B. 28.2 D. 21.2

35. The mass flow rate of air (slugs/s)

A. 0.634 C. 0.615
B. 0.982 D. 0.563

36. A 0.75-m3 rigid tank initially contains air whose density is 1.18 kg/m3. The tank is connected to a
high-pressure supply line through a valve. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank
until the density in the tank rises to 4.95 kg/m3. Determine the mass (kg) of air that has entered
the tank.
A. 1.26 C. 2.83
B. 2.62 D. 1.63

Situation 13 A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan whose flow rate is 0.40 m3/min.

37. Determine the mass flow rate of air through the fan at an elevation of 3400 m where the air density
is 0.7 kg/m3 (kg/s)
A. 0.00467 C. 0.05432
B. 0.00291 D. 0.01683

38. Also, if the average velocity of air is not to exceed 110 m/min, determine the minimum diameter of
the casing of the fan. (m)
A. 0.0932 C. 0.0621
B. 0.0569 D. 0.0219

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

39. Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an average speed of 4 m/s at a rate of 500 m3/s at a
location 70 m above the lake surface. Determine the total mechanical energy of the river water per
unit mass and the power generation potential of the entire river at that location.

A. 124 MW C. 347 MW
B. 246 MW D. 456 MW

40. If the fountain nozzle sprays water 2 ft into the air, determine the velocity of the water it leaves the
nozzle at A (ft/s).

A. 11.3 C. 15.2
B. 12.8 D. 14.7

41. A river flows at 12 ft>s and then turns and drops as a waterfall, from a height of 80 ft. Determine
the velocity of the water just before it strikes the rocks below the falls. (ft/s)
A. 54.8 C. 72.8
B. 58.6 D. 66.3

42. Water is discharged through the drain pipe at B from the large basin at 0.03 m3/s. If the diameter
of the drainpipe is d = 60 mm, determine the pressure at B just inside the drain in the drain when
the depth of the water is h = 2 m. (kPa)

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

A. -36.7 C. 65.3
B. -24.6 D. 45.6

43. Water flows from the hose at B at the rate of 4 m/s when the water level in the large tank is 0.5 m.
Determine the pressure of air that has been pumped into the top of the tank at A. (kPa)

A. 3.10 C. 2.79
B. 3.85 D. 2.57

44. If the hose at A is used to pump air into the tank with a pressure of 150 kPa, determine the discharge
of water at the end of the 15-mm-diameter hose at B when the water level is 0.5 m (m3/s)

A. 0.00741 C. 0.00235
B. 0.00311 D. 0.00427

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

Situation 14 A fountain ejects water through the four nozzles, which have inner diameters of 10 mm.

45. Determine the pressure in the pipe so that the water stream always reaches a height of h = 4 m.
(kPa)
A. 48.9 C. 35.5
B. 38.8 D. 34.6

46. Determine the required volumetric flow through the supply pipe so that the water stream always
reaches a height of h = 4 m. (m3/s)
A. 0.00549 C. 0.00278
B. 0.00612 D. 0.00653

Situation 15 Find the flow distribution in the three-parallel pipe system shown in the figure. Qin =
2500 L/min.

47. Determine the flow rate in pipe 1, Q1 (L/min)

A. 731 C. 263
B. 790 D. 979

48. Determine the flow rate in pipe 2, Q2 (L/min)

A. 731 C. 263
B. 790 D. 979

49. Determine the flow rate in pipe 3, Q3 (L/min)

A. 731 C. 263
B. 790 D. 979

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

50. Water is drawn from the well at B through the 3-in.- diameter suction pipe and discharged through
the pipe of the same size at A. If the pump supplies 1.5 kW of power to the water, determine the
velocity of the water when it exits at A. Assume the frictional head loss in the pipe system is
1.5V2/2g. Note that 746 W = 1 hp and 1 hp = 550 ft-lb/s (ft/s)

A. 12.4 C. 15.5
B. 18.2 D. 21.8

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

CE Correlation Course
Practice Problems (HGE 6)
Situation 1 - A clay layer, 4 meters thick, rests beneath a deposit of submerged sand, 8 meters thick.
The top of the sand is located 3 meters below the surface of a lake. The saturated unit weight of sand is
25 kN/m3 and of clay is 20 kN/m3.

1. Determine the total vertical pressure at mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 254.79 C. 261.16
B. 269.43 D. 258.88

2. Determine the total pore water pressure at mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 125.11 C. 127.53
B. 129.88 D. 120.02

3. Determine the total effective pressure at mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 156.47 C. 141.90
B. 146.66 D. 150.07

Situation 2 - A clay layer 25 feet thick is overlain with 50 feet thick sand (Gs = 2.71). The water table is
20 feet below the sand (ground) surface. The saturated unit weight of clay is 141 pcf. The sand below
the water table has a unit weight of 128 pcf. The sand above the water table has an average moisture
content of 20%. After drying, the sand was found to have a dry unit weight of 92 pcf.

4. What is the void ratio of the sand above the ground water table?
A. 0.8456 C. 0.8664
B. 0.8381 D. 0.8787

5. What is the unit weight of the sand above the ground water table, in pcf?
A. 110.40 C. 115.54
B. 122.12 D. 131.00

6. What is the total stress at the mid-height of the clay layer, in psf?
A. 7451.11 C. 7645.21
B. 7810.50 D. 7760.46

7. What is the pore water stress at the mid-height of the clay layer, in psf?
A. 2430.30 C. 2510.40
B. 2798.21 D. 2652.00

8. What is the effective stress at the mid-height of the clay layer, in psf?

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City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

A. 5244.11 C. 5158.50
B. 5302.13 D. 5401.32

Situation 3 - A soil deposit consists of a sand layer, 50 feet thick, and a clay layer, 25 ft thick. The ground
water table initially was at the ground surface. It was then lowered to a depth of 25 ft below the ground.
After such lowering, the degree of saturation of the sand above the ground water table was lowered to
20%. For sand: γdry = 116 pcf, γsat = 135 pcf. For clay: γsat = 120 pcf.

9. What is the effective pressure at the mid-height of the clay layer before lowering of the water table,
in psf?
A. 4580 C. 4530
B. 4350 D. 4850

10. What is the effective pressure at the mid-height of the clay layer after lowering of the water table,
in psf?
A. 5350 C. 5670
B. 5530 D. 5760

11. What is the effective pressure at the mid-height of the clay layer when there is no water in the sand
layer but remain in the same degree of saturation, in psf?
A. 6910 C. 6810
B. 6610 D. 6710

Situation 4 - A borehole at a site reveals the soil profile shown below. Assume Gs = 2.70 for all soil types.
Properties:
Layer 1: Very fine wet sand with silt, ω = 5%, s = 40%.

Layer 2: Fine sand saturated by capillary action.

Layer 3: Fine sand, ω = 12%.

Layer 4: Soft blue clay, ω = 28%.

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

12. Determine the effective stress at a depth of 2 m below the ground surface in kPa.
A. 51.397 C. 55.555
B. 53.497 D. 52.023

13. Determine the effective stress at a depth of 3 m below the ground surface in kPa.
A. 62.320 C. 63.993
B. 67.025 D. 65.479

14. Determine the effective stress at a depth of 5.4 m below the ground surface in kPa.
A. 94.223 C. 96.460
B. 97.540 D. 95.607

15. Determine the effective stress at a depth of 20.6 m below the ground surface in kPa.
A. 240.640 C. 242.978
B. 238.580 D. 244.486

Situation 5 - The soil profile shown is to carry a surcharge of 60 kPa applied at the ground surface. The
result of laboratory consolidation test conducted on a specimen collected from the middle of the clay
layer: γsat = 18.2 kN/m3, e = 1.10, LL = 40%. The water table is located at the clay surface.
ΔP = 60 kPa

H = 6 m.

16. What is the compression index of the soil?

A. 0.32 C. 0.27
B. 0.36 D. 0.25

17. What is the present effective overburden pressure (kPa) of the clay layer?
A. 28.00 C. 25.17
B. 26.99 D. 24.11

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City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

18. Calculate the settlement in the field caused by primary consolidation in mm.
A. 408.40 C. 410.78
B. 412.60 D. 414.11

Situation 6 - A clay layer (e = 0.92, Gs = 2.72, Cc = 1/3) is overlain with a thick layer of sand (e = 0.50,
Gs = 2.62). The water table is 1.5 m. below the sand surface. If a 3-m thick land fill (γ = 17.3 kN/m3) is
placed over the existing ground surface, compute the following:

3 m.

1.5 m.

3 m.

2 m.

19. Present effective overburden pressure in kPa.

A. 50.383 C. 48.889
B. 52.798 D. 54.301

20. Primary settlement in mm.

A. 108.465 C. 104.300
B. 105.444 D. 106.778

Situation 7 - A soil profile is shown in the figure. A uniformly distributed load, ΔP = 50 kPa, is applied
at the ground surface. Assume Cs = Cc/5. Properties of sand: γd = 16 kN/m3, γsat = 18.5 kN/m3. Properties
of clay: γsat = 19 kN/m3, e = 0.95, LL = 50%.

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

ΔP

3 m.

9 m.

8 m.

21. Determine the effective overburden pressure at the mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 134.11 C. 142.56
B. 136.90 D. 140.48

22. Determine the settlement (mm) of the clay layer caused by primary consolidation if the clay is
normally consolidated.
A. 191.602 C. 187.999
B. 195.645 D. 199.689

23. Determine the settlement (mm) of the clay layer caused by primary consolidation if the
preconsolidation pressure, Pc, is 210 kPa.
A. 41.498 C. 45.545
B. 43.132 D. 39.938

24. Determine the settlement (mm) of the clay layer caused by primary consolidation if the
preconsolidation pressure, Pc, is 150 kPa.
A. 141.111 C. 152.796
B. 146.465 D. 149.850

Situation 8 - It is desired to calculate the consolidation settlement of the clay layer shown in the figure
that will result from the load (P = 1500 kN) carried by the footing measuring 3 m x 1.5 m. in plan. Assume
the clay to be normally consolidated. Properties of sand: γd = 14.8 kN/m3, γsat = 18.5 kN/m3. Properties
of clay: γsat = 19 kN/m3, e = 1.0, LL = 50%.

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

1.5 m.

4.5 m.

1.5 m.

3.0 m.

25. Compute the effective stress at the mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 94.41 C. 93.42
B. 95.55 D. 97.66

26. Compute the stress increase at the mid-height of the clay layer in kPa due to the footing load.
A. 20.83 C. 22.48
B. 25.54 D. 24.44

27. Compute the consolidation settlement of the clay layer in mm.

A. 85.839 C. 86.999
B. 83.201 D. 84.000

Situation 9 - The bottom of the lake consists of soft clay with a thickness of more than 15 m. The average
water content of the clay is 40% and the specific gravity of soils may be assumed to be 2.65. The depth
of water in the lake is 6 m.

28. Compute the total stress (kPa) at a depth of 15 m. below the bottom of the lake.
A. 323.87 C. 329.60
B. 341.49 D. 335.66

29. Compute the pore water pressure (kPa) at a depth of 15 m below the bottom of the lake.

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A. 206.01 C. 208.94
B. 212.15 D. 214.44

30. Compute the effective stress (kPa) at a depth of 15 m below the bottom of the lake.
A. 132.00 C. 149.49
B. 129.58 D. 117.86

Situation 10 - A 12-meter-thick sand layer is underlain by an 8-meter-thick clay layer. The

groundwater table is found to be at 4 meters below the surface at the present time. Old well log data
shows that the groundwater was as low as 9 meters below the surface in the past. The density of sand
for dry and saturated conditions are 18 kN/m3 and 20 kN/m3, respectively. The density of clay for
saturated conditions is 19 kN/m3.

31. Determine the present effective stress at the midpoint of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 180.41 C. 190.28
B. 185.65 D. 195.22

32. Determine the old effective stress at the midpoint of the clay layer in kPa.
A. 231.213 C. 229.330
B. 224.560 D. 233.780

33. Determine the overconsolidated ratio due to past groundwater lowering.

A. 1.205 C. 1.256
B. 1.301 D. 1.188

Situation 11 - The water table is at a depth of 10 m in a silty soil mass. The sieve analysis indicates the
effective diameter of the soil mass is 0.035 mm. Use C = 0.5 cm2 and void ratio e = 0.45.

34. Find the capillary rise in meters.

A. 3.250 C. 2.485
B. 3.175 D. 2.840

35. Find the vertical effective stress in kPa at 8 m depth. Assume unit weight of solids = 25.50 kN/m 3
and that the soil above the capillary rise and ground surface is partially saturated at 50%.
A. 177.662 C. 181.105
B. 174.276 D. 185.465

36. Find the vertical effective stress in kPa just below the 8 m depth.
A. 174.276 C. 179.654
B. 177.777 D. 171.010

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 BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
City Of Balanga, Bataan
College Of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department

37. Find the vertical effective stress in kPa just above the 8 m depth.
A. 141.101 C. 154.656
B. 158.946 D. 148.555

Situation 12 - A layer of silty soil of thickness 6 m lies below the ground surface at a particular site and
below the silt layer lies a clay stratum. The ground water table is at a depth of 3 m below the ground
surface. The following data are available for both silt and clay layers of soil.
Silt layer: D10 = 1/84 mm, e = 0.70, Gs = 2.70
Clay layer: e = 0.80, Gs = 2.75
Use C = 0.25 cm2

38. Determine the approximate height of capillary rise in meters.

A. 2 C. 3
B. 1.5 D. 2.5

39. Determine the effective pressure at the ground surface in kPa.

A. 31.54 C. 27.07
B. 33.33 D. 29.43

40. Determine the effective pressure at a depth of 9 m below ground level in kPa.
A. 116.90 C. 129.29
B. 125.44 D. 114.04

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