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Analog Pulse Modulation

The document discusses various analog pulse modulation methods, including Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM), and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). It explains how each modulation type alters specific parameters of a pulse train based on a continuous time signal and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of PAM, particularly its large bandwidth requirements and susceptibility to noise. Additionally, it notes that PPM and PDM maintain constant amplitude while varying pulse width and position, respectively.

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Hussam Aliraqi
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10 views16 pages

Analog Pulse Modulation

The document discusses various analog pulse modulation methods, including Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM), and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). It explains how each modulation type alters specific parameters of a pulse train based on a continuous time signal and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of PAM, particularly its large bandwidth requirements and susceptibility to noise. Additionally, it notes that PPM and PDM maintain constant amplitude while varying pulse width and position, respectively.

Uploaded by

Hussam Aliraqi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog pulse Modulation

Methods

rd
•3 year
•Mohsin Al karawi
•2019/2020
Analog pulse Modulation Methods
• A continuous time signal x(t) to be transmitted, is sampled by a pulse train at
frequency Fs sufficiently above the highest frequency present in X(t).
• The amplitude of the modulating signal x(t) modulates one parameter of the
pulse train.
• The parameters are : Amplitude , Duration (width) and position.
• If the modulating signal modulate the amplitude of the pulse train
then the modulation type is called Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAM
• If the modulating signal Modulate the Duration of the pulse train
then the modulation type is called Pulse Duration Modulation PDM If
the modulating signal Modulate the position of the pulse train
then the modulation type is called Pulse Position Modulation PPM
Different types of analog pulse modulation techniques
Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAM
•In this type of modulation , the amplitudes of regularly
spaced rectangular pulses vary with the instantaneously
sample values of a continuous message signal in a one to
one fashion.
•The width of the pulse remains fixed.
•Both types of practical sampling, flat top sampling or
Natural sampling can be used to generate PAM signal.
Flat Top Sampled PAM

•It is better to use Flat Top PAM , because during transmission


noise interferes the top of pulses. This noise interreference can
be removed easily if the PAM pulse has flat top.

•Sample and hold circuit is used to generate the flat top PAM
Transmission Bandwidth of PAM signal
• The pulse duration “ ” is supposed to be very small compared to time period
Ts between the two samples.
• If the maximum frequency in the signal x(t) is Fm then by sampling theorem , Fs
should be Fs ≥ 2Fm or Ts ≤ 1 /(2Fm) since Fs = 1/Ts
• And << Ts << 1/(2Fm)

• If ON and Off time of the pulse is same , then frequency of the PAM pulse
• Becomes fmax=1/( + )= 1/(2 )
Continue…
• ჻ Bandwidth required for transmission of PAM signal will be equal to
maximum frequency Fmax given by above equation
• BT ≥ F max hence BT ≥ 1/(2 )

• Since << 1/(2Fm)

• BT ≥ 1/(2 ) >> Fm

• Transmission bandwidth of PAM signal : BT >> Fm


Disadvantages of PAM
•The bandwidth needed for transmission of PAM signal is
very very large compared to its maximum frequency
content.
•The amplitude of PAM pulses varies according to
modulating signal, therefore interference of noise is
maximum for the PAM signal and this noise cannot be
removed very easily.
•Since amplitude of PAM signal varies , this also varies
the peak power required by the transmitter with
modulating signal.
Pulse Duration and Pulse Position Modulation
• Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and Pulse Duration
Modulation(PDM) or (PWM) both modulate the time parameter
of the pulses.

• PPM has fixed width pulses where as width of PDM pulses varies.

• Both the methods are of constant amplitude.


Generator of PPM and PDM, Block Diagram and Waveform
Example

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