Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs):

1. What is a primary benefit of using blockchain for data sharing?

A) Centralized control
B) High transaction fees
C) Decentralization
D) Limited access
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blockchain technology?
A) Immutability
B) Transparency
C) High transaction costs
D) Auditability
3. What does data sharing primarily involve?
A) Trading data commodities
B) Sharing digital information
C) High-frequency transactions
D) Centralized data management
4. What is a major challenge of implementing blockchain for data sharing?
A) Low storage costs
B) High-speed transactions
C) Privacy and security concerns
D) Simplified access control
5. Which type of blockchain allows only authorized nodes to join the network?
A) Public blockchain
B) Private blockchain
C) Consortium blockchain
D) Hybrid blockchain
6- What is the main focus of the proposed OBFP system?
A) Fair payment in e-commerce
B) Outsourcing computations in cloud computing
C) Blockchain scalability
D) Data privacy in cloud storage
7. What challenge does the OBFP aim to address?
A) High transaction fees
B) Trust issues in untrusted environments
C) Slow blockchain transactions
D) Data encryption methods
8. Which cryptographic tool is NOT mentioned in the OBFP system?
A) Commitment schemes
B) Accumulators
C) Hash functions
D) Digital signatures

9. What does ZKP stand for?

A) Zero-Knowledge Proof
B) Zero-Knowledge Protocol
C) Zero-Knowledge Payment
D) Zero-Knowledge Process

10. What is one of the goals of the OBFP system?

A) To reduce computation costs
B) To eliminate all third parties
C) To provide robust fairness
D) To increase data sizes
11- Which of the following is NOT an advantage of blockchain technology in data sharing?
A. Decentralization
B. Tamper-proof data
C. High-frequency transaction capability
D. Auditability
12- What is the primary difference between data sharing and data exchange as discussed in
the document?
A. Data sharing involves financial transactions, while data exchange does not.
B. Data sharing is for collaboration, while data exchange involves trading data assets.
C. Data sharing only occurs within an organization, while data exchange occurs between
organizations.
D. Data sharing focuses on structured data, while data exchange deals with unstructured data.
13- What is the role of a smart contract in blockchain-based systems?
A. To store encrypted data
B. To automate transactions based on predefined rules
C. To create a centralized database
D. To replace cryptographic hashing
14- Which consensus mechanism is widely used in blockchain systems for cryptocurrency?
A. Proof-of-Stake (PoS)
B. Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
C. Proof-of-Work (PoW)
D. Federated Voting
15- In what type of blockchain are only authorized entities allowed to modify and
contribute?
A. Public Blockchain
B. Private Blockchain
C. Consortium Blockchain
D. Federated Blockchain
16- What is a key benefit of using blockchain for data sharing?
A. Centralized control
B. Low computational cost
C. Enhanced privacy through decentralization
D. High-speed transactions
17- Which of the following best describes the role of "miners" in blockchain systems?
A. Storing all data generated by the system
B. Verifying transactions and generating new blocks
C. Managing access control for shared data
D. Acting as a centralized authority for decision-making
18- In blockchain-based systems, what is one challenge associated with traditional
encryption methods?
A. High computational requirements
B. Limited scalability of encryption algorithms
C. Difficulty in managing the lifecycle of distributed keys
D. Incompatibility with blockchain technology
19- Which storage architecture is often used for real-time or sensitive data in blockchain-
based data sharing systems?
A. Cloud storage
B. Local user storage
C. Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
D. Consortium storage
20- What is the purpose of using Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) in
blockchain-based systems?
A. To simplify consensus mechanisms
B. To provide fine-grained access control based on user attributes
C. To improve the scalability of data storage
D. To reduce the need for transaction verification
21. Which cryptographic technique is used in blockchain-based systems to prevent
unauthorized access and ensure secure data sharing?
a. Public-Private Key Pairing
b. Symmetric Encryption
c. Digital Signatures and Cryptographic Hashing
d. Homomorphic Encryption
22. What is the primary limitation of public blockchains in the context of data sharing?
a. High transaction fees
b. Limited scalability due to consensus protocols
c. Lack of transparency in transactions
d. Inability to support smart contracts
23. What distinguishes Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) from Identity-Based Encryption
(IBE) in data sharing systems?
a. ABE uses attributes as decryption primitives, while IBE uses identities
b. ABE is less secure than IBE
c. IBE eliminates reliance on key exchange, while ABE requires it
d. ABE does not support fine-grained access control
24. What is a major drawback of using smart contracts in blockchain-based systems?
a. Limited integration with consensus protocols
b. Inflexibility in managing data storage
c. High deployment and invocation costs
d. Inability to handle decentralized applications
25. Why are private blockchains often preferred in business applications?
a. Higher degree of decentralization
b. Enhanced transparency compared to public blockchains
c. Cost-efficiency and controlled access
d. Simplified management of cryptocurrency transactions
26. What is the main feature of the OBFP system that distinguishes it from traditional fair
payment models?
a. Use of Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)
b. Robust fairness without Trusted Third Parties (TTPs)
c. Heavy reliance on symmetric encryption
d. High transaction fees for scalability
27. In the OBFP system, what is the purpose of the "accumulator" in
cryptographic operations?
a. To store large datasets on-chain
b. To compute hash values for user authentication
c. To prove inclusion of a value without exposing other data
d. To generate public-private key pairs
28. What role does the smart contract play in OBFP?
a. Storing computation results
b. Linking users and workers while ensuring fair payment
c. Managing off-chain data storage
d. Resolving disputes through Zero-Knowledge Proofs
29. Which cryptographic technique in OBFP ensures data integrity for the user?
a. Pedersen Commitment
b. Merkle Tree Hashing
c. Keccak-256 Hash Function
d. RSA-based Accumulator
30. Why does the OBFP system avoid Zero-Knowledge Proofs?
a. To reduce computational costs and transaction delays
b. To improve encryption strength
c. To enable multi-party computation
d. To achieve backward compatibility
31. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a primary
characteristic that blockchain is designed to guarantee?
a. Data consistency and transparency
b. Tamper resistance and auditability
c. Real-time transaction processing
d. Anonymity

32. What role does the consensus mechanism play in blockchain

systems?
a. It manages user permissions and access control
b. It negotiates and synchronizes the state of nodes across the network
c. It encrypts data stored on the blockchain
d. It generates new cryptocurrencies

33. In blockchain-based data sharing systems, how is data privacy typically protected?
a. Through centralized server authentication
b. Using cryptographic encryption schemes
c. By limiting the number of network nodes
d. Through manual verification processes

34. What is one of the main challenges facing blockchain-based data

marketplaces regarding copyright protection?
a. Limited storage capacity for data
b. Slow transaction processing times
c. Difficulty in preventing unauthorized copying after data delivery
d. High energy consumption requirements
35. Which of the following is a key advantage of using blockchain for
data sharing compared to traditional centralized systems?
a. Faster transaction processing
b. Lower operational costs
c. No need for data verification
d. Elimination of trusted third parties

36. What is the main advantage of OBFP (Optimized Blockchain-Based

Fair Payment) compared to previous systems?
a. It achieves robust fairness without requiring any trusted third parties
b. It only uses cloud storage for computations
c. It requires multiple trusted third parties
d. It only works with Bitcoin transactions

37. In the OBFP system model, how many main entities are involved?
a. Two entities (User and Worker)
b. Three entities (User, Worker, and Cloud)
c. Four entities (User, Cloud, Worker, and Blockchain)
d. Five entities (User, Cloud, Worker, Blockchain, and Bank)

38. What is the primary purpose of the guarantee deposit (vg) in OBFP?
a. To pay for cloud storage costs
b. To ensure worker compensation
c. To protect against malicious worker behavior
d. To fund blockchain operations
39. Which cryptographic tool is used for commitment in the OBFP
implementation?
a. RSA-based accumulator
b. Pedersen commitment
c. Keccak-256 hash function
d. IND-CPA encryption scheme

40. What is the constant number of transactions required in OBFP

regardless of solution size?
a. Three transactions
b. Four transactions
c. Five transactions
d. Six transactions

41- What is one of the main advantages of using blockchain for data sharing and exchange
compared to centralized platforms?
A. Reduced storage costs for data sharing.
B. Centralized control over transaction data.
C. Elimination of the need for a trusted third party.
D. Faster transaction processing in all scenarios.

42- What is the primary goal of Identity-Based Encryption (IBE)?

A. To eliminate the need for cryptographic keys.
B. To eliminate the reliance on key exchange.
C. To ensure real-time encryption of data streams.
D. To increase the complexity of encryption algorithms.
43- What is the primary advantage of using blockchain-based access control compared to
traditional access control methods like RBAC and ABAC?
A. It simplifies encryption algorithms.
B. It eliminates the need for authentication.
C. It enables fine-grained access control and auditing.
D. It reduces the complexity of permission management.

44- What is a common feature of lightweight blockchain-based data exchange protocols,

such as Ramachandran’s system?
A. They fully control and manage all raw data in the marketplace.
B. They prioritize providing consistent and high-quality data services.
C. They use smart contracts to ensure protocol execution and handle disputes.
D. They eliminate the need for transaction logging on the blockchain.

45- What is one of the key challenges in designing blockchain based data sharing and
exchange platforms?
A. Lack of demand for interoperable systems.
B. Difficulty in implementing zero-knowledge proofs efficiently.
C. High storage costs for unencrypted data.
D. Absence of any need for copyright protection mechanisms.

46- What is the key advantage of the proposed OBFP (Optimized Blockchain-Based Fair
Payment) system compared to existing solutions?
A. It uses a centralized trusted third party for resolving disputes.
B. It achieves robust fairness without relying on zero-knowledge proofs.
C. It exclusively uses the Merkle tree for data verification.
D. It eliminates all cryptographic techniques to reduce computation costs.
47- What is the role of the smart contract in the OBFP system?
A. To store large computation task data directly.
B. To act as an intermediary deciding payment and deposit allocation.
C. To replace cryptographic tools like commitment schemes.
D. To execute off-chain communication between users and workers.
48- What is the primary purpose of the guarantee deposit vgv_gvg in the OBFP system?
A. To store the task data securely in the blockchain.
B. To punish malicious workers for providing invalid responses.
C. To replace the need for cryptographic commitments.
D. To ensure that the user cannot reject valid task results.
49-Which of the following properties is not explicitly addressed in Theorem 1 about the
OBFP system?
A. Completeness
B. Robust Fairness
C. Transparency
D. Compatibility
50- What is the optimal number of participants for achieving maximum scalability and
concurrency in cloud storage as identified in the OBFP benchmarks?
A. 64
B. 128
C. 256
D. 2048
51- Data in Blockchain is ……………………….
A- Immutable
B- B- mutable
C- Editable
D- not secure
52- Blockchain can track data ownership and prevent unauthorized copying or
redistribution.
A- true
B- false
53- Distributed nature makes blockchain highly resilient to failures and attacks.
A- true
B- false

54-There is no difference between Data sharing and Data exchange.

A- true
B- false

55- Blockchain technology can be complex for organizations to adopt and integrate into
existing workflows.
A- true
B- false

56- Which of the following entities is responsible for storing the original task data in the
OBFP system?
A- User
B- Worker
C- Cloud
D- Blockchain

57- Which of the following cryptographic techniques is integrated into the OBFP system?
A- Perdesen commitment
B- RSA-based accumulator
C-Keccak-256
E- All the above
58- Which of the following methods is used for "off-chain" communication in the OBFP
system ?
A- Peer-2-Peer (P2P)
B- Transport Layer Security (TLS)
C-Blockchain
D- Smart contract
59- Which blockchain platforms are compatible with the OBFP system?
A- Ethereum and Ripple
B- Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric
C-Bitcoin and Ripple
D-Ethereum and Solana
60-What is the constant number of transactions required in OBFP regardless of solution size?
A- Three transactions
B- Four transactions
C-Five transactions
D-Six transactions
61-Which of the following systems enables fine-grained access control using blockchain?
a) Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
b) Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)
c) Access Control Contracts (ACC)
d) Consensus-Based Access Control (CBAC)
62-What is the role of miners in a blockchain-based data exchange system?
a) Managing data storage
b) Packaging transactions and generating blocks
c) Providing access control to data
d) Acting as centralized authorities
63-Why is private blockchain preferred in many enterprise level applications?
a) It offers complete anonymity to participants.
b) It ensures high efficiency and lower consensus costs.
c) It eliminates the need for cryptographic protocols.
d) It provides universal access to all nodes.
64-Which cryptographic scheme allows data access based on attributes like roles or
privileges?
a) Identity-Based Encryption (IBE)
b) Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE)
c) Symmetric Encryption
d) Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
65-What is the primary function of a smart contract in a blockchain ecosystem?
a) Storing data directly on the blockchain
b) Providing interoperability between systems
c) Automating transactions based on predefined rules
d) Verifying user identities for access control
66-What is one of the main reasons for using the OBFP system in cloud computing?
A) To support large-scale operations more efficiently.
B) To address trust issues between users and workers.
C) To provide a simple API interface for all parties.
D) To reduce processing costs at the system level.
67) Which of the following describes the “compatibility” feature of OBFP?
A) Supporting automatic execution of smart contracts on various blockchains.
B) Using centralized data storage protocols.
C) Integrating with AI systems to accelerate operations.
D) Restricting the system to Ethereum-based platforms only.
68) What factors contribute to reducing storage costs in the OBFP system?
A) Storing only result data in the smart contracts.
B) Using advanced encryption protocols to minimize data.
C) Storing only the index path and hash value instead of all the data.
D) Relying on centralized networks to reduce on-chain load.
69) What is the purpose of using the Pedersen commitment in OBFP?
A) To provide a binding and hiding mechanism for committed values.
B) To encrypt data during transmission.
C) To ensure high scalability for cloud operations.
D) To reduce transaction fees in blockchain systems.
70) Which of the following cryptographic tools is NOT used in the OBFP system?
A) Commitment schemes
B) Accumulators
C) Digital signatures
D) Symmetric encryption
71. Which of the following is considered an advantage of using blockchain for data sharing
and data exchange?
a) Faster transaction speeds
b) Decentralization
c) Centralized control
d) Lower data storage costs
72. Which of the following is NOT a challenge in implementing blockchain-based data
sharing systems?
a) High-frequency transaction processing
b) High storage and network communication costs
c) Lack of data privacy
d) Centralized management of data
73. Which blockchain consensus mechanism is known for requiring nodes to solve
computational puzzles?
a) Proof-of-Stake (PoS)
b) Proof-of-Work (PoW)
c) Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
d) Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS)
74. What is the key feature of public blockchains?
a) Restricted access to data
b) Only authorized nodes can participate
c) Data is visible and verifiable by all participants
d) High performance and scalability
75. Which of the following is true about smart contracts in blockchain?
a) It is an automated transaction protocol
b) It increases transaction speeds
c) It allows manual intervention in transactions
d) It stores data in a private ledger
76. Which specific hash function is used in the OBFP system?
a) SHA-256
b) MD5
c) HMAC
d) Keccak-256
77. Which of the following cryptographic techniques is integrated into the OBFP system?
a) Perdesen commitment
b) RSA-based accumulator
c) Keccak-256
d) All of the above
78. Which of the following entities is responsible for storing the original task data in the
OBFP system?
a) User
b) Worker
c) Cloud
d) Blockchain
79. Which of the following methods is used for "off-chain" communication in the OBFP
system?
a) Peer-2-Peer (P2P)
b) Transport Layer Security (TLS)
c) Blockchain
d) Smart contract
80. Which blockchain platforms are compatible with the OBFP system?
a) Ethereum and Ripple
b) Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric
c) Bitcoin and Ripple
d) Ethereum and Solana
81-Traditional centralized data platforms face many problems such as …
a) Privacy leakage
b) High transaction costs
c) Lack of interoperability
d) All of the above
82-The process of sharing digital information between organizations or individuals refers to
e) Data sharing
f) Data exchange
g) Privacy leakage
h) All of the above
83-Data exchange refers to
i) sharing digital information between organizations or individuals
j) the act of trading data commodities between demanders and owners
84-What is a key advantage of blockchain in data sharing systems?
a) Single point of failure
b) High transaction costs
c) Decentralization
d) Privacy leakage

85-What consensus mechanism is widely used in Bitcoin?

a) Proof of Stake (PoS)
b) Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
c) Proof of Work (PoW)
d) Federated Learning

86. What is the primary goal of the OBFP system?

a) Increase cloud storage costs
b) Guarantee robust fairness without a trusted third party
c) Eliminate the need for smart contracts
d) Replace blockchain entirely

87. Which cryptographic tool is used in OBFP to ensure data integrity?

a) Zero-Knowledge Proofs
b) Hash functions (e.g., Keccak-256)
c) Homomorphic encryption
d) Blockchain nodes

88. In OBFP, what role does the smart contract play?

a) Acts as the trusted third party
b) Automatically handles payments and ensures fairness
c) Stores all computation data
d) Replaces cloud services
89. What is a disadvantage of Merkle tree-based systems compared to OBFP?
a) Low computation costs
b) Inefficiency in processing large datasets
c) Privacy issues due to sibling data sharing
d) Lack of compatibility with Ethereum

90. How does OBFP reduce gas costs in blockchain transactions?

a) By removing smart contracts
b) By avoiding storage of large data on the blockchain
c) By using heavy computation protocols
d) By increasing transaction frequency

91-Which of the following is NOT a core attribute of blockchain-based data sharing

systems?

a) Data Integrity
b) Privacy Protection
c) High Transaction Costs
d) Availability

92-What is the primary role of smart contracts in blockchain-based systems?

a) To mine new blocks

b) To manage transactions and enforce predefined rules
c) To store large data files
d) To replace traditional encryption methods

93-What is a significant advantage of using blockchain for data sharing?

a) Centralized data storage

b) Instantaneous data access
c) Decentralization and tamper resistance
d) Reduced computational complexity
94-Which type of blockchain allows only authorized entities to participate and modify the
blockchain?

a) Public blockchain
b) Private blockchain
c) Consortium blockchain
d) Decentralized blockchain

95-What problem does attribute-based encryption (ABE) address in blockchain-based

data sharing?

a) Increases blockchain size

b) Eliminates the need for key exchange
c) Improves transaction speed
d) Simplifies smart contract deployment

96-What is the primary goal of the OBFP system in outsourcing computations?

a) Reduce storage costs in the cloud

b) Ensure robust fairness in transactions without a trusted third party
c) Increase computation speed in blockchain systems
d) Enhance visual data processing for users

97-Which cryptographic tool is NOT part of the OBFP system?

a) Commitment schemes
b) Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)
c) Accumulators
d) Symmetric encryption

98-How does the OBFP system handle large computation task data?

a) Stores it directly on the blockchain

b) Deletes unnecessary data to reduce size.

c)Uses an off-chain cloud storage system

d) Processes it in real time on user devices

99-What is the primary role of the smart contract in the OBFP system?

a) Perform all computation tasks for the user

b) Mediate fair payment between users and workers
c) Store encrypted data for all participants
d) Replace blockchain consensus mechanisms
100-What ensures the security and efficiency of the OBFP system?

a) Combining cryptographic tools like accumulators and hash functions

b) Use of expensive consensus algorithms
c) Mandatory third-party oversight in all transactions
d) Frequent manual audits of the blockchain

101-Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blockchain-based data sharing

systems?
A) Decentralization
B) Transparency
C) Immutable storage
D) Centralized trust
102-What is a primary challenge of blockchain-based data sharing systems?
A) Lack of encryption methods
B) High transaction fees for high-frequency operations
C) Insufficient decentralization
D) Lack of consensus algorithms
103-What mechanism is commonly used in public blockchains like Bitcoin for
consensus?
A) Proof of Authority
B) Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
C) Proof of Stake
D) Proof of Work
104-What is the role of metadata in blockchain-based data sharing?
A) It stores raw data for analysis.
B) It acts as a reference for data verification and queries.
C) It is used to control access permissions directly.
D) It eliminates the need for encryption.
105-Which cryptographic technique is discussed in the paper to enhance privacy in
blockchain systems?
A) Digital Signatures
B) Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE)
C) Homomorphic Encryption
D) All of the above
106-What is the main purpose of the OBFP system?
A. To ensure high-speed computation in blockchain systems
B. To provide optimized fair payment for outsourcing computations
C. To reduce transaction costs in cryptocurrency exchanges
-D. To improve zero-knowledge proofs efficiency
107-Which cryptographic tool is not part of the OBFP system?
A. RSA-based accumulator
B. Keccak-256 hash function
C. Zero-knowledge proof
D. Pedersen commitment
108-What is one of the key security properties achieved by OBFP?
A. Anonymous transactions
B. Compatibility with all cloud storage systems
C. Robust fairness without a Trusted Third Party (TTP)
D. Guaranteed maximum storage efficiency
In the OBFP system, what is the role of the smart contract? .1
A. To generate encryption keys
B. To store large computation task data
C. To mediate between the user and worker for fair payments
D. To optimize cloud storage operations
110-What is the main drawback of previous blockchain-based fair payment systems,
according to the paper?
A. Heavy reliance on zero-knowledge proofs
B. Inability to use symmetric encryption
C. Lack of integration with cloud storage
D. No implementation of smart contracts

111. What is the primary role of a blockchain?

A. To act as a centralized server for data storage.
B. To serve as a decentralized ledger using peer-to-peer networks.
C. To replace all cryptographic protocols.
D. To provide unlimited data storage at no cost.
112. Which of the following describes a public blockchain?
A. Only selected entities can participate.
B. Requires a license to join the network.
C. Allows anyone to join, publish transactions, and verify blocks.
D. Operates without using Merkle trees.
113. Which entity is responsible for maintaining the blockchain network and ensuring
consensus in data sharing or exchange schemes?
a) Data requesters
b) Blockchain nodes
c) Platform maintainers
d) Data providers
114. Why do predicates pose a privacy risk in data exchange schemes?
a) They guarantee privacy but at the cost of security
b) Revealing predicates is equivalent to revealing information about the data asset
c) Predicates are too complex for buyers to understand
d) Predicates compromise the seller's identity
115. How does perceptual hashing work in digital copyright protection?
a) It generates unique data identifiers based on user data
b) It converts images into a form that is readable by all users
c) It automatically detects and locates copied or pirated images after transformations like
rotation, cropping, or grayscale conversion
d) It encrypts images to prevent unauthorized copying
116. ………………. considered the lazy-and-partially dishonest workers and proposed a .1
novel fair conditional payment system.
a) Golle and Mironov
b) Chen
c) Carbunar
d) Tripunitara

117. What improvement does OptiSwap introduce over FairSwap?

A. Completely removing PoM tools.
B. Adding an interactive dispute resolution sub-protocol.
C. Eliminating computation overhead for all parties.
D. Reducing reliance on blockchain metadata.

118. What tool does OptiSwap still rely on, which affects the fairness of workers?
A. Interactive dispute resolution.
B. Merkle tree.
C. PoM (Proof of Misbehavior).
D. ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof).

119. What does a commitment scheme allow a party (e.g., Cindy) to do?
A. Encrypt and immediately reveal a secret value.
B. Generate a randomness for secure transactions.
C. Commit to a chosen value while keeping it hidden until later.
D. Share a key with another party securely.

120. Which algorithm is used in the login phase of the reviewed offline dictionary
guessing scenario?
A. RSA Encryption.
B. HMAC-based Key Derivation.
C. XOR-based hashing and randomization.
D. Merkle tree commitment
121.What is the primary advantage of using blockchain in data sharing and exchange?
A) Reduced storage costs
B) Enhanced data privacy and security
C) Faster consensus mechanisms
D) Increased centralization of control
122. Which cryptographic method is frequently used in blockchain-based data exchange to
ensure secure access control?
A) Symmetric-key encryption
B) Identity-based encryption (IBE)
C) Public-key infrastructure (PKI)
D) Transport Layer Security (TLS)
123. What is a significant limitation of blockchain systems for large-scale data sharing?
A) Lack of transparency
B) Difficulty in standardizing data formats
C) Limited scalability and high resource consumption
D) Absence of consensus mechanisms
124. In blockchain-based data marketplaces, what role do smart contracts play?
A) Store and manage large datasets
B) Ensure anonymity of participants
C) Automate and enforce data-sharing agreements
D) Resolve disputes through machine learning
125. What is a key technical challenge in integrating blockchain for interoperable data
sharing?
A) Designing advanced cryptographic methods
B) Establishing standardized protocols and formats
C) Implementing private blockchains
D) Reducing the cost of transactions
126. What is the main advantage of OBFP compared to traditional fair payment systems?
A) Eliminates the need for trusted third parties (TTPs)
B) Reduces data storage requirements
C) Enhances scalability of blockchain
D) Increases the size of computation tasks

127. Which cryptographic tool is NOT part of the OBFP system?

A) RSA-based accumulator
B) Pedersen commitment
C) Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs)
D) Symmetric encryption
128. What is the role of the smart contract in the OBFP system?
A) To store computation task data
B) To link users and workers while ensuring fair payment
C) To act as a storage medium for large datasets
D) To generate encryption keys for computations
129. What mechanism does OBFP use to ensure data integrity?
A) Merkle tree proofs
B) Commitment and hash functions
C) Digital signatures
D) Blockchain consensus algorithms

130. What is a key feature of OBFP’s pay-as-you-go model?

A) Smart contract delays compensation until validation is confirmed
B) Workers are compensated immediately for valid responses
C) Payments are aggregated and processed in batches
D) It reduces gas costs by postponing transactions
131. What is one of the main advantages of using blockchain for data sharing?
A) Centralized storage
B) Increased dependency on intermediaries
C) Decentralization and immutability
D) Higher transaction costs
132. What type of blockchain is best suited for enterprise-level data-sharing solutions?
A) Public Blockchain
B) Private Blockchain
C) Consortium Blockchain
D) Hybrid Blockchain
133.What mechanism is commonly used to prevent tampering with blockchain data?
A) Digital Watermarking
B) Cryptographic Hashing
C) Attribute-Based Encryption
D) Role-Based Access Control
134. Which of the following is a benefit of using cloud storage in blockchain data-sharing
systems?
A) Higher transaction fees
B) Increased energy consumption
C) Scalability and cost-effectiveness
D) Lack of interoperability

135. What is the main goal of Digital Rights Management (DRM) in blockchain data
exchange?
A) Prevent unauthorized data copying and distribution
B) Enable faster transactions
C) Increase network scalability
D) Improve consensus efficiency
136. What is the main objective of the OBFP system?
A) Reducing computation time
B) Achieving fair payment in outsourcing computations
C) Improving blockchain mining algorithms
D) Enhancing encryption techniques
137. Why are accumulators used in the system?
A) To increase computation speed
B) To compress multiple values into a single hash
C) To provide proof of work
D) To secure cloud storage

138. How does OBFP handle disputes?

A) Through a trusted third party
B) Using smart contracts to resolve disputes automatically
C) Manually intervened by the blockchain miners
D) Disputes are not resolved

139. Which tool was used to benchmark the OBFP system?

A) Remix
B) COSBench
C) TensorFlow
D) Hashi Corp
140. How is the system designed to be user friendly?
A) Minimal manual interaction required
B) Using only on-chain operations
C) Incorporating third-party verifications
D) Deploying contracts for each task manually
141. What is one of the main benefits of blockchain in data sharing?
a) Centralized data storage
b) High transaction fees
c) Decentralization and transparency
d) Increased data silos
142. Which type of blockchain allows only authorized nodes to join the network?
a) Public blockchain
b) Private blockchain
c) Consortium blockchain
d) Hybrid blockchain

143. What is the role of smart contracts in blockchain-based systems?

a) Encrypt data for privacy
b) Provide decentralized consensus
c) Automate transactions based on predefined rules
d) Reduce network communication costs

144. What challenge does blockchain face in data sharing systems?

a) Lack of auditability
b) High energy consumption of Proof-of-Work
c) Inefficient encryption mechanisms
d) Inability to store data
145. Which cryptographic method allows encryption based on user attributes?
a) Symmetric encryption
b) Identity-based encryption
c) Attribute-based encryption
d) Homomorphic encryption
146. What is the primary goal of the OBFP system?
a) To increase cloud storage capacity
b) To ensure robust fairness and reduce costs
c) To eliminate blockchain technology
d) To create complex cryptographic proofs
147. Which cryptographic technique is NOT used in the OBFP system?
a) Commitment scheme
b) Accumulator
c) Attribute-based encryption
d) Symmetric encryption

148. What problem does OBFP aim to solve in outsourcing computations?

a) Lack of scalability
b) Lack of trust between users and workers
c) High energy consumption
d) Limited computational resources

149. Which blockchain platform is mentioned as suitable for OBFP?

a) Bitcoin
b) Ethereum
c) Binance Smart Chain
d) Ripple
150. What type of cost does OBFP aim to minimize?
a) Hardware costs
b) Gas costs
c) Marketing costs
d) Network latency costs
151.Which of the following is NOT a benefit of blockchain in data sharing?
a) Decentralization
b) Immutability
c) Guaranteed high-frequency transactions
d) Transparency
152. What is the primary challenge of implementing blockchain-based data sharing systems?
a) Lack of transparency
b) High storage and communication costs
c) Absence of consensus mechanisms
d) Dependence on centralized servers

153. Which encryption method is highlighted as solving key lifecycle management issues?
a) Traditional symmetric encryption
b) Identity-Based Encryption (IBE)
c) Homomorphic encryption
d) Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE)

154. What is the function of smart contracts in blockchain-based data sharing systems?
a) Data storage and retrieval
b) Automating access control and permissions
c) Ensuring tamper-proof hardware
d) Providing physical storage solutions
155. Which type of blockchain is often used in business applications due to its efficiency?
a) Public Blockchain
b) Private Blockchain
c) Consortium Blockchain
d) Hybrid Blockchain
156. What is the primary objective of the OBFP system proposed in the paper?
a) To reduce data storage costs on the blockchain
b) To ensure robust fairness in outsourcing computations
c) To increase the speed of cloud computations
d) To replace smart contracts with manual agreements
157. Which cryptographic technique is NOT utilized in the OBFP system?
a) Symmetric encryption
b) Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)
c) Accumulators
d) Hash functions
158. What role does the smart contract play in the OBFP system?
a) Stores all computational data
b) Facilitates off-chain communication
c) Acts as a mediator for fair payment
d) Generates encryption keys

159. What is the significance of using a "ZKP-free" approach in the OBFP system?
a) It reduces computational complexity and costs
b) It eliminates the need for secure accumulators
c) It ensures absolute fairness without smart contracts
d) It increases transaction speeds on the blockchain

160. What does the "guarantee deposit" in the OBFP system ensure?
a) Payment security for the worker
b) Data privacy for the user
c) Accurate task results from the worker
d) Reduced gas costs for both parties