SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARSWATI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

Branch: IT 21
Subject Name: DM Date: 27/12/2024
Tutorial-1

1 List the members of these sets.

a) {x| x is a real number such that 𝑥�2 = 1}
b) {x | x is a positive integer less than 12}
c) {x | x is the square of an integer and x < 100}
d) {x | x is an integer such that 𝑥�2 = 2}
e) {𝑥�|𝑥�2 − 3𝑥� + 2 = 0}
2 Use set builder notation to give a description of each of these sets.
a) {0, 3, 6, 9, 12}
b) {-3, -2, -1,0,1 , 2, 3}
c) {m, n, o , p}
3 Determine whether each of these pairs of sets are equal.
a) {1, 3 , 3 , 3 , 5, 5, 5, 5, 5}, {5 , 3, 1}
b) {{ I }}, {I, {I} }
c) 0, {0}
d) 𝑠�1 = {1,2,3}, 𝑠�2 = {𝑥�|𝑥�2 − 2𝑥� + 1 = 0}, 𝑠�3 = {𝑥�|𝑥�3 − 6𝑥�2 + 11𝑥� − 6 = 0}
4 For each of the following sets, determine whether 2 is an element of that set.
a) {𝑥� ∈ 𝑅�| 𝑥� 𝑖�𝑠� 𝑎�𝑛� 𝑖�𝑛�𝑡�𝑒�𝑔�𝑒�𝑟� 𝑔�𝑟�𝑒�𝑎�𝑡�𝑒�𝑟� 𝑡�ℎ𝑎�𝑛� 1}
b) {𝑥� ∈ 𝑅�| 𝑥� 𝑖�𝑠� 𝑡�ℎ𝑒� 𝑠�𝑞�𝑢�𝑎�𝑟�𝑒� 𝑜�𝑓� 𝑎�𝑛� 𝑖�𝑛�𝑡�𝑒�𝑔�𝑒�𝑟�}
c) {2, {2}}
d) {{2} , {{2}}}
e) ({2} , {2, {2} }}
f) {{ {2} }}
5 For each of the following sets, determine whether {2} is an element of that set.
a) {𝑥� ∈ 𝑅�| 𝑥� 𝑖�𝑠� 𝑎�𝑛� 𝑖�𝑛�𝑡�𝑒�𝑔�𝑒�𝑟� 𝑔�𝑟�𝑒�𝑎�𝑡�𝑒�𝑟� 𝑡�ℎ𝑎�𝑛� 1}
b) {𝑥� ∈ 𝑅�| 𝑥� 𝑖�𝑠� 𝑡�ℎ𝑒� 𝑠�𝑞�𝑢�𝑎�𝑟�𝑒� 𝑜�𝑓� 𝑎�𝑛� 𝑖�𝑛�𝑡�𝑒�𝑔�𝑒�𝑟�}
c) {2, {2}}
d) {{2} , {{2}}}
e) ({2} , {2, {2} }}
f) {{ {2} }}

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6 Suppose that A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {2, 6}, C = {4, 6}, and D = {4, 6, 8}. Determine which of
these sets are subsets of which other of these sets.
7 Determine whether each of these statements is true or false.
a) 0∈∅ b) ∅ ∈ {0} c) {0} ⊂ ∅
d) ∅ ⊂ {0} e) {0} ∈ {0} f) {0} ⊂ {0}
g) {∅} ⊆ {∅} h) ∅ ∈ {∅} i) ∅ ∈ {∅, {∅}}
j) {∅} ∈ {∅} k) {∅} ∈ {{∅}} l) {∅} ⊂ {∅, {∅}}
m) {{∅}} ⊂ {∅, {∅}} n) {{∅}} ⊂ {{∅}, {∅}} o) 𝑥� ∈ {𝑥�}
p) {𝑥�} ⊆ {𝑥�} q) {𝑥�} ∈ {𝑥�} r) {𝑥�} ∈ {{𝑥�}}
s) ∅ ⊆ {𝑥�} t) ∅ ∈ {𝑥�}

8 Distinguish between ∅, {∅}, {0}, 0.

9 Find the power set of each of these sets, where a ,b and c are distinct elements.
a) {a} b) {a,b} c) {a , b , c}
d) ∅ e) {∅, 𝑎�, 𝑏�, {𝑎�, 𝑏�}} f){∅, {∅}}
10 What is the cardinality of each of these sets?
a) {a} b) {a,{a}} c) {a,{a},{a,{a}}}
d) {{a}} e) ∅ f) {∅}
g) {∅, {∅}} h) {0,1,2,a,b}
11 How many elements does each of these sets have where a and b are district
elements?
a) P({a,b,{a,b}} b) P(P(∅))
12 Let A={1,2,3} determine all partitions of A.
13 Label each of the following statements true or false.
a) {{1,3,5},{4,7,9},{2,6,10}} is a partition of 𝑆� = {1,2,3 … ,9,10}
b) {{1,2,3},{5,8,9},{4,6,7,10}} is a partition of 𝑆� = {1,2,3 … ,9,10}
c) {{1,2,3,4},{-1}} is a partition of {-1,1,2,3,4}
d) {{1,2},∅} is a partition of {1,2}.
14 Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships 𝐴� ⊂ 𝐵� and 𝐵� ⊂ 𝐶�.
15 Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the set of all months of the year whose names do not contain
the letter R in the set of all months of the year.
16 Draw the venn diagram for each of these combinations of the sets A, B , C.
a) 𝐴� ∩ (𝐵� ∪ 𝐶�) b) 𝐴� ∩ (𝐵� − 𝐶�) c) 𝐴� − (𝐵� ∩ 𝐶�)
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 d) 𝐴�′ ∪ 𝐵�′ ∪ 𝐶�′ e) (𝐴� ∩ 𝐵�̅) ∪ (𝐴� ∩ 𝐶�̅)
17 Given A={1,3,5,7},B={2,3,5,8}
a) List of elements of (𝐴� ∩ 𝐵�) × (𝐵� − 𝐴�)
b) Is (𝐴� ∩ 𝐵�) × (𝐵� − 𝐴�)𝑠� 𝑎� 𝑠�𝑢�𝑏�𝑠�𝑒�𝑡� 𝑜�𝑓� 𝐴� × 𝐵�?
18 Let A={1,2,3,4,5} , B={4,5,6,7} and C={4,7} U={1,2,3,…,10} Find
a) (𝐴� ∪ 𝐵�)∆𝐴� b) (𝐴� ∪ 𝐵�) ∩ 𝐶� c) 𝐴� − (𝐵� ∪ 𝐶�)
d)(𝐴� ∪ 𝐵�)′ ∩ 𝐶� e) (𝐴�∆𝐵�)∆𝐶�
19 Let 𝐴� = {1,2,3}, 𝐵� = {𝑎�, 𝑏�, 𝑐�} and 𝐶� = {𝑎�, 𝑏�, 1,2,3} then, find the 𝐴� ∪ (𝐵� ∩ 𝐶�) and 𝐴�
× (𝐵� ∩ 𝐶�).
20 If A ={4,5,7,8,10} , B ={4,5,9} and C ={1,4,6,9}, then verify that
𝐴� ∪ ( 𝐵� ∩ 𝐶�) = (𝐴� ∪ 𝐵�) ∩ ( 𝐴� ∪ 𝐶�) .
21 What is the Cartesian product A × B × C, where A = {0, 1}, B = {1, 2} and C = {0, 1, 2}?
22 𝐼�𝑓� 𝐴� = {𝑎�, 𝑏�}, 𝐵� = {𝑥�, 𝑦�}, 𝑎�𝑛�𝑑� 𝐶� = {0, 1}. Find
1. 𝐴� × 𝐵� × 𝐶� 2. 𝐶� × 𝐵� × 𝐴� 3. 𝐶� × 𝐴� × 𝐵� 4. 𝐵� × 𝐵� × 𝐵�
23 If A = {a, b} and B = {c, d} and C = {e, f} then find (𝑖�) (𝐴� × 𝐵�) ∪(𝐵� ×�𝐶�) (𝑖�𝑖�) 𝐴�×
(𝐵��∪�𝐶�).
24 Define following terms with example.
a) Power set
b) Difference of set
c) Symmetric difference
d) Cardinality of set
e) Subset
25 If 𝑆� = {𝑎�, 𝑏�, 𝑐�}, find nonempty disjoint sets 𝐴�1 and 𝐴�2 such that 𝐴�1 ∪ 𝐴�2 = 𝑆�. Find the
other solutions to this problem.
26 Show that for any two sets 𝐴� and 𝐵�, 𝐴� − (𝐴� ∩ 𝐵�) = 𝐴� − 𝐵�.
27 Prove that: (𝐴� ∪ 𝐵�) ′ ≡ 𝐴� ′ ∩ 𝐵� ′.
28 Prove the De’ Morgan Laws using venn diagram.