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Tutorial-2

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hetghetiya2526
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARSWATI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

Branch: IT 21
Subject Name: DM Date: 3/1/2025
Tutorial-2
1 Which of these sentence are propositions? What are the truth values of those that are proposition?
a. 9<12 e. 5 ∈ {1,5,3} h. (4 ∈ 𝑁) ∨ (5 ∈ 3𝑍) l. −18 ∈ 3𝑍
b. X+2=12 f. ∅ ⊆ {3} i. (√30 > 5) ∧ (√30 > 7) m. u is vowel.
c. 2 is a prime g. −4 ∈ 𝑁 1 n. x+4=6 when x=2
j. 3 ∈ 𝑄
number.
d. Answer this question. k. What a beautiful drawing!
2 If 𝑝 → 𝑞 is true, can we determine the truth value of ~𝑝 ∨ (𝑝 → 𝑞)? Explain your answer.

3 What are the truth values of those that are proposition?


a) 1+1=2 and b) 1 ∈ c) (2 ∈ 𝑁) ∨ (5 ∈ 3𝑍) d) −8 ∈ 2𝑍
3+7=10 {1,5,3}
e) 𝜋 ∈ 𝑍 f) ∅ ⊆ {2} g) (√30 > 5) ∧ h) u is vowel.
(√30 > 7)
i) 2 is a prime j) −4 ∈ 𝑁 k) 0 ∈ 𝑁 l) x+4=6 when
number. x=1
4 Find if the following is a tautology, contradiction or contingency.
a. (𝑞 ∧ 𝑝) ∨ (𝑞 ∧ ~𝑝) Ans: contingency
b. (𝑝→(𝑞→𝑟))→((𝑝→𝑞)→(𝑝→𝑟))
c. (𝑝→𝑞)∧(𝑞→𝑟)→(𝑝→𝑟) Ans: tautology
5 Find out using truth table, whether the following statements are tautology and implication is tautology
(Logically imply).
(i) (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) → (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞)
(ii) ((𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑞 → 𝑟)) → (𝑝 → 𝑟)
6 Prove the following:
1. (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧∼ 𝑝 ≡∼ 𝑝 ∧ 𝑞
2. 𝑝 ↔ 𝑞 ≡ (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑞 → 𝑝) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ¬(𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ≡ ¬𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑞
7 Translate the following in words(statement):
Let P: high speed driving is dangerous and Q: Rajesh was a wise man.
(1) 𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 (2) ~𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 (3) ~ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) (4) (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞)
8 Translate into symbolic form.
1. Let P: it is cold and Q: it is raining.

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a. It is cold or it is raining.
b. It is not cold but it is raining.
c. Sufficient condition for rain is that it is cold.
d. A necessary condition for raining is that it be cold.
e. A necessary and sufficient condition for raining is that it be cold.
2. Let P: He is tall and Q: He is smart.
a. It is false that he is short or smart.
b. He is tall or he is short and smart.
c. It is not true that he is short or not smart.
3. If p: product is good, q: service is good, r: company is public limited
a. Either product is good or the service is good or both
b. Either the product is good or service is good but not both.
c. It is not the case that both product is good and company is public limited.
4. Either my program runs and it contains no bugs, or my program contains bugs.
9 If p and q are false, find the truth value of (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧ (~𝑝 ∨ ~𝑞). Ans: F

10 Given the truth values of p and q as T and that r and s as F, Find the truth values of the
a. 𝑝 ∨ (𝑞 ∧ 𝑟) Ans: T
b. 𝑝 → (𝑟 ∧ 𝑠) Ans:F
c. (𝑝 ∧ (𝑞 ∧ 𝑟)) ∨ ~((𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧ (𝑟 ∨ 𝑠)) Ans:T
11 Write the sentences the meaning of the following: Let 𝑝: He is intelligent and 𝑞: He is tall be two
propositions. (𝑖) 𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑞 ∧ ¬𝑝 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) ¬(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞)
12 Define Logical equivalence and prove that 𝑝 → (𝑞 → 𝑟) ≡ (𝑝 → 𝑞) → (𝑝 → 𝑟)
13 Check ~(𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) →(∼ 𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) is logically tautology? Ans: No
14 Define proposition with example.
15 Show that 𝑝 ↔ 𝑞 ≡ (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑞 → 𝑝)
16 Prove the associative law: (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∧ r ≡ 𝑝 ∧ (𝑞 ∧ r).
17 Write De Morgan’s law and prove it using truth table.
18 Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be sets, such that 𝑛(𝐴) = 50 , 𝑛(𝐵) = 50 , 𝑛( 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 75. Find 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).
19 Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be sets, such that 𝑛(𝐴) = 12, 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 36, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 8. Find 𝑛(𝐵).
20 Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two subsets of universal set 𝑈, such that 𝑛(𝐴) = 20, 𝑛(𝐵) =
30, 𝑛(𝑈) = 80, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 10. Find 𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ ).
21 Consider a set of integers from 1 to 250.
a) Find how many of these numbers are divisible by 3 or 5 or 7 ?
b) Find how many of these numbers are divisible by 3 or 5 but not by 7 ?

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22 How many integers between 1 to 2000 are divisible by 2 , 3 , 5 or 7.
(HINT : “ 2 , 3 , 5 or 7 ” means 2 or 3 or 5 or 7. )
23 Among 18 students in a room, 7 study mathematics, 10 study science and 10 study computer
programming. Also, 3 study mathematics and science, 4 study mathematics and computer
programming, and 5 study science and computer programming. We know that 1 student studies all three
subjects. How many of these students study none of the three subjects?
24 A survey in 1986 asked households whether they had a VCR, a CD player or cable TV. 40 had a VCR,
60 had a CD player and 50 had cable TV. 25 owned VCR and CD player. 30 owned a CD player and
had cable TV. 35 owned a VCR and had cable TV. 10 households had all three. How many households
had at least one of the three?

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