CSE 115 Lab on functions – Ara2

1. C program illustrating the difference between void and non-void function:

#include <stdio.h> //main function
// definition of a non-void function void main()
float computeSquare(float x) {
{ float m, n;
return x*x; printf("\nEnter a number: ");
} scanf("%f", &m);
//call computeSquare function on m
// definition of a void function n = computeSquare(m);
void printCube(float x) printf ("Square = %f", n);
{ //call printCube function on m
printf("Cube = %f", x*x*x); printCube(m);
} }

2. C program to determine if a given number is odd/even using function

#include <stdio.h> void main()

void oddEven(int x) {
{ int m;
if(x%2==0) printf("Even"); printf("\nEnter an integer: ");
else printf("Odd"); scanf("%d", &m);
} oddEven(m); //function call
}

Try yourself2: Write C program using a function to check if a given number is positive, negative, or zero.

Here’s a C program that uses a function to check if a given number is positive, negative, or zero:

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero

void checkNumber(int num) {
if (num > 0) {
printf("%d is a positive number.\n", num);
} else if (num < 0) {
printf("%d is a negative number.\n", num);
} else {
printf("%d is zero.\n", num);
}
}

int main() {
int num;

// Ask the user to enter a number

printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

// Call the function to check the number

 checkNumber(num);

return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. The program defines a function checkNumber(int num) that takes an integer as an argument.
2. Inside the function, we check if the number is positive, negative, or zero using if-else statements.
3. In the main function, the user is prompted to input a number, which is passed to the checkNumber()
function to determine its type.

Sample Output:
Enter a number: 5
5 is a positive number.

Enter a number: -3
-3 is a negative number.

Enter a number: 0
0 is zero.

This program checks if the number is positive, negative, or zero using a function and prints the appropriate
message.

3. C program to determine if a given number is prime using function

#include <stdio.h> int main()

int isPrime(int x) {
{ int m;
int i; printf("\nEnter an integer: ");
for(i=2;i<=x/2;i++) scanf("%d", &m);
{ int n = isPrime(m);
if(x%i==0) if(n==0)
return 0; printf("Not prime")
} else
return 1; printf("Prime");
} }

Try yourself 3: Write C program using a function to check if a given number is a perfect number.

A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper divisors (excluding the number
itself). For example, the number 6 is a perfect number because its divisors (excluding 6) are 1, 2, and 3, and
their sum is 6.

Here’s a C program using a function to check if a given number is a perfect number:

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to check if a number is a perfect number

int isPerfectNumber(int num) {
int sum = 0;

// Find divisors and sum them

for (int i = 1; i <= num / 2; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
sum += i; // Add divisor to sum
}
}

// Check if sum of divisors equals the number

if (sum == num && num != 0) {
return 1; // The number is perfect
} else {
return 0; // The number is not perfect
}
}

int main() {
int num;

// Ask the user to enter a number

printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

// Call the function and check if the number is perfect

if (isPerfectNumber(num)) {
printf("%d is a perfect number.\n", num);
} else {
printf("%d is not a perfect number.\n", num);
}

return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. isPerfectNumber Function:
o The function isPerfectNumber(int num) calculates the sum of all divisors of the given
number num (excluding the number itself).
o It checks if the sum of the divisors is equal to the number. If it is, the number is a perfect
number, and the function returns 1. Otherwise, it returns 0.
2. Main Function:
o The main function asks the user to input a number.
o It then calls the isPerfectNumber() function to check if the number is perfect.
o Based on the result, it prints whether the number is perfect or not.

Sample Output:
Enter a number: 6
6 is a perfect number.

Enter a number: 28
28 is a perfect number.

Enter a number: 10
10 is not a perfect number.

This program checks if the given number is a perfect number using a function and prints the appropriate
message.

4. C program to compute sum of all natural numbers between m and n (using function)

#include <stdio.h> int main()

int sum(int m, int n) {
{ int n;
int i, sum=0; printf("\nEnter 2 integers: ");
for(i=m;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
{
sum+=i; int s = sum(m,n);
} printf("sum=%d",s)
return sum; }
}

5. C program to compute the integer resulting from rounding a number n (using function)

#include <stdio.h> int main()

int round1(float n) {
{ float n;
int i=n; //integer part of n printf("\nEnter a number: ");
if(n-i>=0.5) return i+1; scanf("%f", &n);
else return i;
} int s = round1(n);
printf("%d",s)
}

Exercise:
1. Write a C program using 3 functions to compute diameter, circumference and area of a circle whose
radius is given by the user as the input.
2. Find the sum of the following series using a function: 12 + 22 + 32 + … + N2

Assignment:

1. Find the sum of the following series using user-defined function: 1/1! + 2/2! + 3/3! + …… +1/N!
2. Write a C code using functions that takes two integers: a and b as inputs and returns the value of a b.
3. Compute the sum of the following geometric progression using a function with 2 parameters r and n:

1 + r + r2 + … + rn (read the values of r and n from user)

4. Write a C program that reads an integer and returns the reverse of that number using function.
 5. Write a C program using function that reads a floating point number n and an integer d and then
prints the rounded value of n up to d decimal places. E.g. for n=5.678 and d = 2; it should print 5.68

Exercise Problems

1. Write a C program using 3 functions to compute diameter, circumference, and area of a circle whose
radius is given by the user as input.

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#include <stdio.h>

#define PI 3.14159

// Function to compute diameter

float computeDiameter(float radius) {
return 2 * radius;
}

// Function to compute circumference

float computeCircumference(float radius) {
return 2 * PI * radius;
}

// Function to compute area

float computeArea(float radius) {
return PI * radius * radius;
}

int main() {
float radius;

// Ask the user for the radius

printf("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
scanf("%f", &radius);

// Call the functions and print the results

printf("Diameter: %.2f\n", computeDiameter(radius));
printf("Circumference: %.2f\n", computeCircumference(radius));
printf("Area: %.2f\n", computeArea(radius));

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 Three functions are used to calculate the diameter, circumference, and area of the circle.
 The main() function asks the user for the radius, then calls each function to compute and display the
values.

Sample Output:
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Enter the radius of the circle: 5
Diameter: 10.00
Circumference: 31.42
Area: 78.54

2. Find the sum of the following series using a function: 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + … + N^2.

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#include <stdio.h>

// Function to calculate the sum of squares of the first N numbers

int sumOfSquares(int N) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
sum += i * i;
}
return sum;
}

int main() {
int N;

// Ask the user for the value of N

printf("Enter a number N: ");
scanf("%d", &N);

// Call the function and print the result

printf("Sum of squares from 1^2 to %d^2 is: %d\n", N, sumOfSquares(N));

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The function sumOfSquares(int N) calculates the sum of squares from 1 to N.

 The main() function asks the user for the value of N, then calls the function and displays the result.

Sample Output:
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Enter a number N: 5
Sum of squares from 1^2 to 5^2 is: 55

Assignment Problems

1. Find the sum of the following series using a user-defined function: 1/1! + 2/2! + 3/3! + … + 1/N!

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#include <stdio.h>

// Function to compute factorial

long long factorial(int n) {
long long fact = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
fact *= i;
 }
return fact;
}

// Function to compute the series

double computeSeries(int N) {
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
sum += (double)i / factorial(i);
}
return sum;
}

int main() {
int N;

// Ask the user for the value of N

printf("Enter a number N: ");
scanf("%d", &N);

// Call the function and print the result

printf("Sum of the series is: %.4f\n", computeSeries(N));

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The function factorial() calculates the factorial of a given number.

 The function computeSeries() calculates the sum of the series 1/1! + 2/2! + 3/3! + ... + N/N!.
 The main() function asks the user for N, then calls computeSeries() to calculate and display the sum.

Sample Output:
mathematica
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Enter a number N: 5
Sum of the series is: 2.7167

2. Write a C code using functions that takes two integers: a and b as inputs and returns the value of a^b.

c
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#include <stdio.h>

// Function to compute a^b

long long power(int a, int b) {
long long result = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= b; i++) {
result *= a;
}
return result;
}

int main() {
int a, b;

// Ask the user for a and b

printf("Enter base (a) and exponent (b): ");
 scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

// Call the function and print the result

printf("%d raised to the power of %d is: %lld\n", a, b, power(a, b));

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The function power() calculates the value of a^b by multiplying a with itself b times.
 The main() function asks the user for a and b, then calls power() to compute the result.

Sample Output:
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Enter base (a) and exponent (b): 3 4
3 raised to the power of 4 is: 81

3. Compute the sum of the following geometric progression using a function with 2 parameters r and n:

1 + r + r^2 + … + r^n (read the values of r and n from the user).

c
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#include <stdio.h>

// Function to compute the sum of the geometric progression

double geometricSum(double r, int n) {
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
sum += pow(r, i); // pow(r, i) computes r^i
}
return sum;
}

int main() {
double r;
int n;

// Ask the user for r and n

printf("Enter the common ratio (r) and number of terms (n): ");
scanf("%lf %d", &r, &n);

// Call the function and print the result

printf("Sum of the geometric progression is: %.2f\n", geometricSum(r, n));

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The function geometricSum() calculates the sum of a geometric progression using the formula 1 + r +
r^2 + ... + r^n.
 The main() function asks the user for r (common ratio) and n (number of terms), then calls
geometricSum() to compute the sum.
Sample Output:
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Enter the common ratio (r) and number of terms (n): 2 5
Sum of the geometric progression is: 63.00

4. Write a C program that reads an integer and returns the reverse of that number using a function.

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#include <stdio.h>

// Function to reverse the number

int reverseNumber(int num) {
int reversed = 0;
while (num != 0) {
reversed = reversed * 10 + num % 10;
num /= 10;
}
return reversed;
}

int main() {
int num;

// Ask the user for the number

printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

// Call the function and print the reversed number

printf("Reversed number is: %d\n", reverseNumber(num));

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The function reverseNumber() reverses the digits of a given number.

 The main() function reads an integer and calls the function to reverse the number.

Sample Output:
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Enter an integer: 12345
Reversed number is: 54321

5. Write a C program using function that reads a floating point number n and an integer d and then
prints the rounded value of n up to d decimal places.

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
// Function to round the number to d decimal places
void roundNumber(float n, int d) {
printf("Rounded number: %.*f\n", d, n);
}

int main() {
float n;
int d;

// Ask the user for n and d

printf("Enter a floating point number: ");
scanf("%f", &n);
printf("Enter number of decimal places: ");
scanf("%d", &d);

// Call the function and print the result

roundNumber(n, d);

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The function roundNumber() uses printf with the %.d format specifier to round the floating point
number to d decimal places.
 The main() function asks for the number and the number of decimal places, then calls the function to
print the rounded result.

Sample Output:
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Enter a floating point number: 5.678
Enter number of decimal places: 2
Rounded number: 5.68