Lab Manual 3 CSE 115 (ARA2)

Practice Problems:
C programs to demonstrate bitwise operators:
1. #include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i = 3, num=48;
printf("Right shift by %d: %d\n",i,num>>i);
printf("\n");
printf("Left shift by %d: %d\n",i,num<<i);
}
2. (same as above, except now we are using hexadecimal values)
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i = 0x3, num=0x30;
printf("Right shift by %x: %x\n",i,num>>i);
printf("\n");
printf("Left shift by %x: %x\n",i,num<<i);
}
3. #include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=12,b=39;
printf("AND=%d",a&b);
printf("\nOR=%d",a|b);
printf("\nXOR=%d",a^b);
}

4. #include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char c = 105;
printf("%X", ~c);//1’s complement of c
printf("\n%X", -c); //2’s complement of c
}

5. C Program to demonstrate the usage of assignment and increment operators:

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char a;
printf("enter a lowercase letter:");
scanf("%c",&a);
a-=32;//not recommended, since it replaces the original character
printf("Uppercase of given letter is: %c",a);
++a;//not recommended, …
printf("\nUppercase of next letter is: %c",a);
}
 6. C Program to find surface area of a sphere:
#include <stdio.h>

#define PI 3.14

int main()
{
float radius, sa;
printf("\n Please Enter the radius of a Sphere \n");
scanf("%f", &radius);

sa = 4 * PI * radius * radius;

printf("\n The Surface area of a Sphere = %.2f", sa);

}

Exercise Problems:
1. Read an integer number n from user. Compute the bitwise AND of n and 1. Do you see a
pattern in the result? (Hint: observe the difference in the result when n is odd vs. when n
is even)
2. Read two integer numbers m, n from user. Compute the value of m*2 n as well as the
value of m <<n. Do you see a pattern in the result? Now compute the value of m/2 n as
well as the value of m >>n. Do you see a pattern?
3. Compute the volume of a sphere; read the radius from user.
4. Read the co-ordinates of two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) from user. Compute the
midpoints of these two points and print it up to 2 decimal points.
5. Find the angle of a segment in a circle; read the arc length and radius from user.
Homework Questions:
1. Compute the area of a (a) trapezoid and (b) parallelogram. Read necessary inputs from
user.
2. Compute the volume and surface area of a cone. Read the radius and height of the cone
from user.
3. Read the lengths of base and height of a right angle triangle. Then compute the length of
its hypotenuse using Pythagorean theorem.
4. Write a C program to count total number of notes in given amount.
Tentative Input/Output (bold ones are user inputs):
Enter amount: 1176
Total number of notes:
500: 2
100: 1
50: 1
20: 1
10: 0
5: 1
2: 0
 1: 1

Exercise Problems

1. Read an integer number n from the user. Compute the bitwise AND of n and 1. Do you see
a pattern in the result?

c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n;

// Ask the user to input an integer

printf("Enter an integer n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// Compute the bitwise AND of n and 1

int result = n & 1;

// Print the result

printf("The result of n & 1 is: %d\n", result);

// Observe the pattern

if (n % 2 == 0) {
printf("n is even, so n & 1 = 0.\n");
} else {
printf("n is odd, so n & 1 = 1.\n");
}

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The result of n & 1 is 1 if n is odd and 0 if n is even.

2. Read two integer numbers m, n from the user. Compute m * 2^n and m << n. Also compute
m / 2^n and m >> n.

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int m, n;

// Ask the user to input m and n

printf("Enter values for m and n: ");
scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);

// Compute m * 2^n and m << n

int multiply_result = m * (1 << n);
int shift_left_result = m << n;

// Compute m / 2^n and m >> n

int divide_result = m / (1 << n);
int shift_right_result = m >> n;
 // Print the results
printf("m * 2^n = %d (Using multiplication)\n", multiply_result);
printf("m << n = %d (Using left shift)\n", shift_left_result);
printf("m / 2^n = %d (Using division)\n", divide_result);
printf("m >> n = %d (Using right shift)\n", shift_right_result);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The shift operations (<< and >>) are equivalent to multiplying and dividing by
powers of 2. You can observe the patterns between the two methods.

3. Compute the volume of a sphere; read the radius from the user.

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
double radius, volume;

// Ask the user to enter the radius

printf("Enter the radius of the sphere: ");
scanf("%lf", &radius);

// Compute the volume of the sphere

volume = (4.0 / 3.0) * M_PI * pow(radius, 3);

// Print the volume

printf("The volume of the sphere is: %.2lf\n", volume);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = (4/3) * π * r^3.

4. Read the coordinates of two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) from the user. Compute the
midpoint.

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
double x1, y1, x2, y2, midpoint_x, midpoint_y;

// Ask the user to input coordinates of the two points

printf("Enter the coordinates of the first point (x1, y1): ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &x1, &y1);
printf("Enter the coordinates of the second point (x2, y2): ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &x2, &y2);

// Compute the midpoint

midpoint_x = (x1 + x2) / 2;
midpoint_y = (y1 + y2) / 2;
 // Print the midpoint
printf("The midpoint of the two points is: (%.2lf, %.2lf)\n", midpoint_x,
midpoint_y);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The midpoint formula is ((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2).

5. Find the angle of a segment in a circle; read the arc length and radius from the user.

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
double arc_length, radius, angle;

// Ask the user to input arc length and radius

printf("Enter the arc length: ");
scanf("%lf", &arc_length);
printf("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
scanf("%lf", &radius);

// Compute the angle in radians

angle = arc_length / radius;

// Convert angle to degrees

double angle_degrees = angle * (180.0 / M_PI);

// Print the angle in radians and degrees

printf("The angle of the segment is: %.2lf radians (%.2lf degrees)\n",
angle, angle_degrees);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The formula for the angle in radians is θ = arc_length / radius. The
angle can also be converted to degrees using the formula degrees = radians * (180 /
π).

Homework Questions

1. Compute the area of a (a) trapezoid and (b) parallelogram.

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
double base1, base2, height, area;

// For trapezoid
 printf("Enter base1, base2, and height of trapezoid: ");
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &base1, &base2, &height);

area = ((base1 + base2) * height) / 2;

printf("The area of the trapezoid is: %.2lf\n", area);

// For parallelogram
printf("Enter base and height of parallelogram: ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &base1, &height);

area = base1 * height;

printf("The area of the parallelogram is: %.2lf\n", area);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The area of a trapezoid is ((base1 + base2) * height) / 2 and the area
of a parallelogram is base * height.

2. Compute the volume and surface area of a cone.

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
double radius, height, volume, surface_area;

// Ask the user for radius and height

printf("Enter the radius and height of the cone: ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &radius, &height);

// Compute the volume of the cone

volume = (M_PI * pow(radius, 2) * height) / 3;

// Compute the surface area of the cone

surface_area = M_PI * radius * (radius + sqrt(pow(radius, 2) + pow(height,
2)));

// Print the results

printf("The volume of the cone is: %.2lf\n", volume);
printf("The surface area of the cone is: %.2lf\n", surface_area);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: Volume: V = (π * r^2 * h) / 3. Surface area: A = π * r * (r + √(r^2

+ h^2)).

3. Compute the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle using Pythagorean theorem.

c
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double base, height, hypotenuse;

// Ask the user for the base and height

printf("Enter the base and height of the triangle: ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &base, &height);

// Compute the length of the hypotenuse

hypotenuse = sqrt(pow(base, 2) + pow(height, 2));

// Print the result

printf("The length of the hypotenuse is: %.2lf\n", hypotenuse);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The Pythagorean theorem states that hypotenuse^2 = base^2 + height^2.

4. Count the total number of notes in a given amount.

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int amount;

// Ask the user for the amount

printf("Enter amount: ");
scanf("%d", &amount);

// Calculate the number of notes for each denomination

int notes500 = amount / 500;
amount %= 500;

int notes100 = amount / 100;

amount %= 100;

int notes50 = amount / 50;

amount %= 50;

int notes20 = amount / 20;

amount %= 20;

int notes10 = amount / 10;

amount %= 10;

int notes5 = amount / 5;

amount %= 5;

int notes2 = amount / 2;

amount %= 2;

int notes1 = amount;

// Print the results

printf("Total number of notes:\n");
printf("500: %d\n", notes500);
printf("100: %d\n", notes100);
 printf("50: %d\n", notes50);
printf("20: %d\n", notes20);
printf("10: %d\n", notes10);
printf("5: %d\n", notes5);
printf("2: %d\n", notes2);
printf("1: %d\n", notes1);

return 0;
}

 Explanation: The program divides the given amount by the largest possible note (500, 100,
etc.) and then calculates how many of each note are needed.