3.

Lines
Lines Ex:- Long dash/ gap/ dot
The locus point made by a moving point on a plane Designation of Line
is called line. As per SP 46:2003, designation of a general type
Line elements ⇒ Dot, dash etc. line is done on the basis of following –
Various types of lines are used in general Engg. (1) Type of line
drawing. (2) IS no. reference
In Engg. graphics the details of various objects are (3) No. of general type line
drawn by different type of lines. (4) Width of line
Type of lines according to thickness (5) Colour of line
Thick line ⇒ t ≈ 1 mm Types of lines–
Medium line ⇒ t ≈ 0.5 mm
Thin line ⇒ t ≈ 0.3 mm (a) Straight lines(a) Straight li
Locus, made by a moving point in a specific
Line segment direction is called straight line.
The group of two or more than two of various line
segments which make a discontinuous line is called
line segment.
Types of straight lines
(i) Horizontal line • Line, parallel to horizontal planes

(ii) Vertical line • Line, perpendicular to horizontal planes

(iii) Oblique Line • Line, which is inclined to horizontal or vertical planes, at any angle

(b) Curved line Perpendicular lines ⇒ When two lines intersect to

When a point moves in different direction, the locus each other at right angle (or 90o angle).
of its movement is called curved line.

Parallel lines ⇒ When distance between any two

lines constant throughout.
Perpendicular lines
Important points–
The thickness of line and its width remains constant
throughout the whole line.

Engineering Drawing 77 YCT

 The general line widths adopted are- ⇒ Ratio between thin & thick lines
0.13, 0.18, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.4, and 2.0 (in mm) on drawing should not be less then 1 : 2.
w 1
Remember ⇒ BIS recommends two line widths on i.e. thin >
w thick 2
drawing.
Different types of lines used in dimensioning
(1) (2)

Out line

(3) Out lines (5) • Lines drawn to represent visible edges and surface boundaries of
(4) objects.
(6) • Also known as object lines or principal lines.
(7) • Represented by continuous thick lines.
(8) Dimension lines (10) • Continuous thin lines, used for giving dimensions of drawing.
(11) • It is terminated at its outer end with an arrow head touching the
(9)
outline, extension line or centre line.
(12) Extension or projection (14) • Continuous thin lines, used for dimensioning an object.
lines (15) • Extended by about 3 mm beyond the dimension lines.
(13)
(16) Construction lines (18) • Thin continuous lines used for construction of objects.

(17)
(19) Section lines or Hatching (21) • Thin continuous lines, used for showing the section evidently.
lines (22) • They are uniformly spaced thin lines (1 to 2 mm spaced) and
(20) inclined at 45° to the main outline of the section.
(23) Leader or pointer lines (25) • Continuous thin lines and are drawn to connect a note with the
specific feature in the drawing.
(24)
(26) • The leader lines generally drawn at angles not less than 30°
(usually 30°, 45°, 60°).
(27) Short break lines (29) • Continuous, thin and wavy free hand lines drawn to show the break
of an object for a short length.
(28)
(30) • Also used to show irregular boundaries

Engineering Drawing 78 YCT

 (31) Long Break Lines (34) • Thin ruled lines provided with short zig-zags at suitable intervals.
(35) • Drawn to show long breaks
(32)
(33) (in mm)
(36) Hidden or Dotted lines (38) • Closely and evenly spaced dashes lines of equal lengths.

(37) (39) • They are medium thick and are used to show the invisible or hidden
parts of the object on the drawing.
(40) Centre lines (42) • These are thin, long, chain lines composed of alternatively long and
short dashes spaced at an approx. 1 mm distance.
(41)
(43) • Used to indicate the axis of cylindrical, conical and spherical
objects and also show the centers of circles and arcs.
(44) • Also shows locus lines, extreme positions of movable parts and
pitch circles etc.
(45) Cutting-plane lines (48) • These are long, thin chain line with thick ends.
(46) (49) • Used to show the location of cutting plane.
(47)
(50) Chain thick lines (52) • Used to indicate special treatment on the surface
(51)
(53) Chain thick double-dashed (55) • Used to show outlines of adjacent parts, alternative and extreme
lines positions of movable parts, centroidal lines and parts situated in
front of the cutting plane.
(54)

(Representation of lines According to Standard)

S.No. Object Convention

1. Object line or Outline

2. Hidden Line

3. Centre Line or Locus Line

4. Constructiona, Projection and Sectional Lines

5. Dimension and Extension Line

6. Short Break Line

7. Long Break Line

8. Cutting Plane Line

9. Ditto Line

10. Tlegraph Elephone and Chain Line

Engineering Drawing 79 YCT

 EXAM POINTS
SP 46 : 2003 prescribes _____ Types of line work Section lines are usually drawn at– 35°, 45°, 55°
for engineering drawing– 10 As per SP 46 : 2003 a line specified as thick should
According to SP 46 : 2003, the lines can be divided be drawn_____times thicker than a thin line– 2.5
into two groups of line thicknesses. these are– 0.2, This publications made by Bureau of Indian
0.1 mm Standards includes standard technique for line
0.2, mm thick lines are used for– conventions in detail– SP 46 : 2003
Dotted lines, Outlines and Cutting planes The type of line is a part of a dimension–
0.1 mm thick lines used for– Extension
Centerlines and Dotted lines The standard for lettering on technical drawing to be
Leader lines should be– Thin lines followed in India is– IS : 9609-2001
Construction lines are generally– 0.1 mm thick The International practice for lettering on technical
Section lines, dimension lines and extension lines drawings is to use_____lettering and numerals–
are generally– 0.1 mm thick English
A hidden line is always shown by– Dotted line Standard abbreviations, symbols or units are
Section lines or hatching lines are generally drawn at indicated in– Lower case letters
an angle degrees to the main outline of the section– Single-stroke lettering means that the_____of the
45 line of the letter should be such as is obtained in one
The line in the centre of the rectangle is known as– stroke of the pencil– Thickness
Centre line, Line of symmetry and Dividing line Single stroke letters are of– 2 types
A cutting plane has both_____and_____lines– Lettering style A is designated as– h/14
Thick, thin Lettering style B is desginated as– h/10
The following line is used for dimension line– The inclined single-stroke letters lean to the right,
Continuous thin the slope being_____with the horizontal– 75°
The name of the line indicated by A-A (or X-X) in The size of letter is described by its– Height
sectional view in the drawings is– Lettering is usually done in– Capital letters
Cutting plane line Lower-case letter are usually used in–
Thin visible (continuous) line is used to represent a– Architectural drawings
Leader line and Dimension line All notes on a technical drawing should be placed
The type of line is thin and light– in– Horizontal position
Construction lines Notes and dimension should not be less than–
Sectional portion of a solid is represented by– 2.5 mm thick
Hatching lines Spacing between lines of notes not be less
The line type is thin and light– Projection lines than_____of the letter height– 1.5
The type of line has precedence over all other types The written information in the drawing is referred to
of lines– A visible line as– Lettering
Visible lines are shown by– Continuous thick lines In normal condensred and extended lettering the
A line drawn with a long section, short dash and another height of letter is– Same
long section is a– Central axis of a cylinder Lettering is generally done in– Gothic letters
Chain thin lines-thick at ends with change of Writing of titles, notes etc. on a drawing is called–
directions are used for– Cutting planes Lettering
Engineering Drawing 94 YCT