MARKING GUIDELINE

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

APRIL EXAMINATION

ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

31 MARCH 2016

This marking guideline consists of 14 pages.

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MARKING GUIDELINE -2- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

QUESTION 1

1.1 S (Horisontal) = 3 × S (vertical)

But Sin2θ = 2 Sinθ Cosθ (from compound angles)

θ = 53,13° ü (5)

OR

1.1 S (horisontal) = 270 Cos α(2)t t(max. height): v = u + gt

S (vertical) = 270sinαt + ½gt2 0 = 270sinα – 9,8t
S (horisontal) = 3 × S (vertical) 9,8t = 270sinα
270 Cos α(2)t = 3(270 Sin αt + ½gt2) ü t = 27,55sinα
270 Cosα(2) = 3(270sinα + ½gt)
540 Cos α = 810 Sin α – 14,7t ü
540 Cos α = 810 Sin α – 14,7(27,55 Sin α) ü
540 Cos α = 810 Sin α – 404,985 Sin α
540 Cos α = 405,015 Sin α
540/405,015 = Sin α/Cos α
540/405,015 = Tan α ü
α = 53,129° ü (5)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -3- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

1.2 Given:
Stop relative velocity and change its direction

W E
Q = 104 km/h
450
P=127 km/h
S

N
P=127 km/h
450
W E

Q = 104 km/h

N
2700 P=127 km/h

W 450 E

Q=104 km/h

The sum of the vertical = 127 Sin 450 + 104 Sin 2700
= -14,147 km/h ü

The sum of the horisontal = 127 Sin450 + 104 Sin2700

= 89,803 km/h ü

Resultant velocity = (-14,1472 + 89,8032)0,5

= 90,918 km/h ü

N
89,803 km/h
W E
β ∝
14,197 R 14,197 km/h

89,803 km/h
S

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MARKING GUIDELINE -4- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

θ = tan-1
θ = 8,9840 ü

Relative velocity of Q to P = 90,918km/h E 8,9840 S

or
Relative velocity of Q to P = 90,918km/h S 81,0160 E ü (5)

OR

1.2 N

P = 127 km/h
Q = 104 km/h
0
135
W R=6 E
β
104 km/h

450 127 km/h

R = b = (a2 + c2 -2ac Cos B)0,5 ü

= (1042 + 1272 – 2 × 104 × 127 Cos 450)0,5
= 90,918 km/h ü

Sin β = 0,988 ü
Β = Sin-1 0,988 ü
= 81,0160

Relative velocity of Q to P = 90,918 km/h S 81,0160 E ü (5)

1.3 N

3190
2,370

W E

A = 300 km/h W=138 km/h

S
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MARKING GUIDELINE -5- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

The sum of the vertical = 300 Sin 2370 + 138 Sin3190

= -342,137 km/h ü
The sum of the horisontal = 300 Sin 2370 + 138 Sin 3190
= -59,242 km/h ü

W 59,242 km/h E
β
∝

342,137 km/h

59,242 km/h

Resultant velocity = (342,1372 + 59,2422)0,5

= 347,228 km/h
ü
Tan β =
Β = 80,1770 ü

Resultant velocity = 347,228 km/h W 80,177 0S ü (5)

OR

1.3 N
W E
138 km/h
300 km/h β
∝

138 km/h 300 km/h

R = b = (a2 + c2 – 2ac Cos B)0,5 ü

= (1382 + 3002 -2 × 138 × 300 Cos 980)0,5
= 347,228 km/h ü

Β = 23,2040 ü
∝ = 330 – 23,2040
= 9,80
Resultant = 347,228 km/h S 9,80 W ü (5)
[15]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -6- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

QUESTION 2

2.1 m = mass = 1 000 kg

r = radius = 37 m
v = 120 km/h
v=
= 33,333 m/s

2.1.1 ω ü
ü
= 0,901 rad/s ü
(3)

2.1.2
ü
= 1,27 radians ü (2)

2.2 T = torque = 750 Nm

P = power = 75 kW

P = 2π NT .........................(N)
N= ü

= üü

= 15,916 rev/s ü (4)

[9]

QUESTION 3

3.1 U = initial velocity = 90 km/h

= 25 m/s
V = final velocity = 0 m/s ü
S = distance moved = 27 m ü
Slope = Sin-1 (1/25) = 2,2920

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MARKING GUIDELINE -7- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

Kinetic energy horisontal = ½ mv2

= ½ × m × 252
= 312,5 mass

27 m h?

θ = 2,2920

h = height = 27 Sin 2,2920

= 1,08 m

Total energy at the top = Potential energy

E = (Potential) = mgh
= m x 9,8 x 1,08 üü
= 10,584 mass

Kinetic energy when descending = ½ mv2

= 0,5 mv2 ü

The total energy absorbed by the brakes is always kept constant.

Kinetic energy horisontal = Potential energy at the top + Kinetic energy when
descending

312,5 mass = 10,582 mass + 0,5 mass. ü

0,5 = 312,5 – 10,582

v2 =

v = 24,573 m/s ü (7)

3.2 V = 7 m/s Fµ = 400 N

160 kg

F00wn
W Sin θ
130

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MARKING GUIDELINE -8- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

F (Total) = Frictional force – W sin θ

= 400 – 160 × 9,8 × Sin 130 ü
= 47,277 N ü

P = Power = force total × velocity ü

= 47,277 × 7 ü
= 330,939 W ü (5)
[12]

QUESTION 4

4.1 25 kN 35 kN 35 kN

5kN/m
üü
1m 6m 1m

A B C D E (2)

4.2 Moments about D

Clockwise moments – Anti-clockwise moments

(B × 6) + (35 × 1) = (35 × 1) + (25 × 7) + (30 × 4)
B = 49,167 kN üü

2. The sum of forces facing up = The sum of forces facing down

B + D = 35 + 35 + 25 + 30 ü
49,167 + D = 125
D = 75,833 kN (3)

OR

2. Moments about B

Anti-clockwise moments = Clockwise moments

(D × 6) + (25 × 1) = (30 × 2) + (35 × 5) + (35 × 7) ü
D = 75,833 kN (3)

4.3 1. Bending moment at B (from left hand side)

= (- 25 x 1) + ( -5 x 1 x 0,5)
= - 27,5 kNm ü

OR

1. Bending moment at B (from right hand side)

= (-5 × 5 × 2,5) + (-35 × 5) + (75,833 × 6) + (-35 × 7)
= - 27,5 kNm ü

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MARKING GUIDELINE -9- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

2. Bending moment at C (from the left hand side)

= (-25 × 6) + (49,167 × 5) + ( -5 × 6 × 3) ü
= 5,835 kNm

OR

2. Bending moment at B (from the right hand side)

= (-35 × 2) + (75,8335 × 1) ü
= 5, 833 kNm

3. Bending moment at D (from the left hand side)

= (-35 × 1) + (-5 × 6 × 4) + (49,167 × 6) + ( -25 × 7) ü
= -35 kNm (3)

OR

3. Bending moment at D (from right hand side)

= -35 × 1 ü
= -35 kNm (3)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -10- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

4.4

35 kN

19,167 kN

0 0

-5,833 kN

-25 kN

-30 kN üüü
-40 kN

5,833 kNm

0 0

-27,5kNm
üü
-35k Nm

(5)

4.5 Maximum bending moment = 35 kNm (sagging) üü

or

Maximum bending moment = -35 kNm

Position = 1m from the right-hand side or at point D

or

Position = 7m from left hand-side or at point D (2)

[15]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -11- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

QUESTION 5

5.1 The function of a hydraulic accumulator is to accumulate hydraulic energy and

to store hydraulic energy until it is needed. (2)

5.2 • Mass-loaded/weight-loaded accumulator

• Spring-loaded accumulator
• Air/gas type accumulator (Any 2 × ½) (1)

5.3 d = 12,5% D
= 0,125 D
l = h = 100 mm = 0,1m
M.A. = 25
Slip = 15% = 0,15
Efficiency = 85% = 0,85

5.3.1 M = 6 tons = 6 000kg √

√

F= √

= √

= 918,75N √ (2½)

M.A. = √
Effort =
= √
= 36,75N √
85% = 36,75 √
100% = X √
X= √
= 43,235 N √ (3½)

5.3.2 n=
D 2H
n=
d2h
= üü
= 256 ü (3)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -12- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

5.4 Force = F = 43 kN
Diameter = d = 22 cm = 220 mm = 0,22 m
Work done = W.D. = 15 kJ

5.4.1 W.D = F × s ..................(s)

S=
= ü
= 0,349m ü (2)

5.4.2 Pressure = P =
= ü
= 1 131,184 kPa ü (2)

5.4.3 W.D. = Pressure x Volume ….........(Volume)

Volume = V =
= ü
= 0,0133m3 ü

Volume/second = volume x N/60

= 0,088403 m3/s ü
But 1 000 litres of pure water = 1 m3
Volume in l/s = 88,403 l/s ü (4)
[20]

QUESTION 6

6.1 β : γ = 2 : 3 or 1 : 1,5 üü (2)

6.2 Mercury Flask/glass

Volume (original) 400 mm3 400 mm3
Temperature (original) 16 °C 16 °C
Temperature (final) 51 °C 51 °C
7 x 10-5/0C 10 x 10-6/°C

6.2.1 Change in volume of mercury = V (original) × 3∝ (t2 – t1)

= 400 × 3 x 7 × 10-5 (51 – 16) ü
3
= 2,94 mm ü (2)

6.2.2 Change in volume of flask = 400 × 3 × 10 × 10-6(51 -16) ü

= 0,42 mm3 ü

Overflow = Change in volume of mercury - Change in volume of flask

= 2,94 – 0,42 ü
= 2,52mm3 ü (4)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -13- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

6.3 T = 5 °C = 5 + 273 = 278° K ü

P1 = P2 = 185 kPa
V1 (original) = 0,26m3

6.3.1 T2 = -28 + 5 = -23 °C ü (1)

OR

6.3.1 T2 = 250 – 273 = -23 °C ü (1)

6.3.2 V2 V1
= .................(V2 )
T2 T1
T ´ V2
V2 = 1
T2
0,26 ´ 250
= üü
278
= 0,234 m3 ü (3)

6.3.3 P1 V1 = m RT1 ...............(m)

m=
= üü
= 0,601 kg ü (3)

OR

6.3.3 P2 V2 = m RT2 ...............(m)

m=

= üü
= 0,601kg ü (3)
[15]

QUESTION 7

7.1 For an elastic object the strain is (directly) proportional to the stress producing
it. üü

OR

For an elastic object the extension is (directly) proportional to the load

producing it. (2)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -14- T590(E)(M31)T
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

7.2 D = 3,2 d
L (original) = 720 mm = 0,72 m
F = 312 kN
X = 0,138 mm (0,138 x 10-3 m)
E = 200 GPa

E=
A=
312 000 ´ 0,72
= üü
200 ´ 10 9 ´ 0,138 ´ 10 -3
= 8,138 x 10-3 m2

Area of a pipe (A) =

= ü
4(8,139 ´ 10 -3 )
= 9,24 d 2 ü
π
d2 = 1,122 x 10-3 ü
d = 0,033 m ü
D = 3,2d
D = 0,106 m ü (7)

7.3 F = 10 kN
S = 194 mm (0,194 m)
L1 (Original) = 5 m (5 000 mm)
X = 0,231 mm

7.3.1 Stress = force/area

= 10 000/0,194 x 0,194 ü
= 265,703 kPa ü (2)

7.3.2 Strain = x/l

= 0,231/5 000 ü
= 4,62 x 10-5 ü (2)

7.3.3 E = 265 703/4,62 x 10-5

= 5,751 GPa ü (1)
[14]

TOTAL: 100

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