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Indices Logarithm Polynomial Matrix Linear Proramming

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10 views2 pages

Indices Logarithm Polynomial Matrix Linear Proramming

Uploaded by

bernardboman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logic gates are fundamental building blocks of digital circuits.

They perform
basic logical functions, processing binary inputs (0s and 1s) to produce a
specific output, based on rules of Boolean algebra.

Types of Logic Gates

1. AND Gate

Symbol: D-shape with a flat line on the right.

Function: Outputs 1 only if all inputs are 1.

Truth Table: | A | B | Output | |---|---|--------| | 0 | 0 | 0 ||0|1| 0 ||1|0|


0 ||1|1| 1 |

2. OR Gate

Symbol: Curved shape with a pointed end on the right.

Function: Outputs 1 if any input is 1.

Truth Table: | A | B | Output | |---|---|--------| | 0 | 0 | 0 ||0|1| 1 ||1|0|


1 ||1|1| 1 |

3. NOT Gate (Inverter)

Symbol: Triangle with a small circle (indicating negation) on the output.

Function: Outputs the opposite of the input.

Truth Table: | A | Output | |---|--------| | 0 | 1 ||1| 0 |

4. NAND Gate

Symbol: AND gate symbol with a circle at the output.

Function: Outputs 1 unless all inputs are 1.

Truth Table: | A | B | Output | |---|---|--------| | 0 | 0 | 1 ||0|1| 1 ||1|0|


1 ||1|1| 0 |

5. NOR Gate

Symbol: OR gate symbol with a circle at the output.

Function: Outputs 1 only if all inputs are 0.

Truth Table: | A | B | Output | |---|---|--------| | 0 | 0 | 1 ||0|1| 0 ||1|0|


0 ||1|1| 0 |

6. XOR Gate (Exclusive OR)


Symbol: OR gate symbol with an extra curved line at the input.

Function: Outputs 1 if only one input is 1.

Truth Table: | A | B | Output | |---|---|--------| | 0 | 0 | 0 ||0|1| 1 ||1|0|


1 ||1|1| 0 |

7. XNOR Gate (Exclusive NOR)

Symbol: XOR gate symbol with a circle at the output.

Function: Outputs 1 if inputs are equal.

Truth Table: | A | B | Output | |---|---|--------| | 0 | 0 | 1 ||0|1| 0 ||1|0|


0 ||1|1| 1 |

Application

Logic gates are essential in digital electronics and are used in various
devices, including:

Computers (for processing binary data)

Digital clocks

Calculators

Microprocessors

They form the foundation of digital circuits, enabling complex logical


operations by combining multiple gates into larger circuits like multiplexers,
encoders, and arithmetic units.

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