MCKV Institute of Engineering

Question Bank
Paper Name: ELECTRIC MACHINE I
Paper Code: PC EE 401

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

Section A (MCQ)
1.
(i) Consider loss equation for DC machines:
I. Hysteresis losses= iron losses-eddy current loss
II. Mechanical loss= friction+windage loss
III. Stray loss=iron+mechanical loss
a) II and III b) I and III c) I and II d) I, II and III
(ii) Which type of loss is/are takes place in a dc generator winding ? 1. Armature cu loss 2.
Rotational loss 3. Core loss
a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) Only 1 d) 1,2 and 3
(iii) The field coils of the DC machine is made up of
a) Mica b) Copper c) Cast iron d) Carbon
(iv) In a DC generator critical resistance can be increased by
a) Increasing field resistance b) Decreasing field resistance
c) Increasing armature resistance d) Decreasing armature resistance
(v) Which rule do we use to predict the direction a current carrying wire will move in a magnetic
field?
a) Fleming's Left Hand Rule b) Fleming's Right Hand Rule
c) Faraday's Left Hand Rule d) Faraday's Right Hand Rule
(vi) As per Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, an e.m.f. is induced in a conductor
whenever it
a) Lies perpendicular to the magnetic flux b) Lies in a magnetic field
c) Cuts magnetic flux d) Moves parallel to the direction of the magnetic field
(vii) The demagnetizing component of armature reaction in a DC generator
a) Increases armature speed b) Decreases generated emf
c) Reduces interpole flux density d) Increases generated emf
(viii) The brush in DC machine is made up of
a) Copper b) Iron c) Carbon d) Aluminium
(ix) The armature MMF has
a) Sinusoidal wave shape b) Square wave shape
c) Trapezoidal wave shape d) Triangular wave shape
(x) The relationship between electrical degree and mechanical degree is
a) Ɵm = Ɵe x (P/2) b) Ɵe = Ɵm x (P/2) c) Ɵm = Ɵe x P d) Ɵe = Ɵm x P

Page 1 of 10
(xi) Which of the following generator will have negligible terminal voltage while running on no
load
a) Series generator b) Shunt generator
c) Compound generator d) Separately excited generator
(xii) In DC generators lap winding is used for
a) High voltage, high current b) Low voltage, high current
c) High voltage, low current d) Low voltage, low current
(xiii) A shunt generator can self excite if
a) Speed of generator is less than critical value b) Speed of generator is greater than critical
value
c) Irrespective of the values of speed d) None of these
(xiv) Number of parallel path in lap winding machine is
a) Same as number of conductors b) Same as number of commutator
c) Same as number of poles d) None of these
(xv) Between two consecutive commutator segments the material inserted is
a) Mica b) Graphite c) Paper d) Insulating varnish
(xvi) A series generator can self excite
a) Only if the load current is zero b) Only if the load current is non zero
c) Irrespective of the value of load current d) None of the above
(xvii) Armature coil is short circuited by brushes when it lies
a) Along the neutral axis b) Along field axis
c) In any of the above positions d) In none of the above positions
(xviii) The emf of the DC generator is directly proportional to
a) Flux/pole b) Speed of the armature c) Number of poles d) All of the above
(xix) If B is the flux density, l the length of the conductor, v is the velocity of conductor, then
induced emf is given by
a) Blv b) 2Blv c) Blv^2 d) B^2 lv
(xx) Compensating winding is used in DC generator
a) Mainly to reduce the eddy currents by providing local short circuits
b) To provide path for circulation of cooling air
c) To neutralize the cross-magnetizing effect of armature reaction
d) None of the above
(xxi) Armature reaction in the generator results in
a) Magnetic saturation in leading pole tip b) Magnetic saturation in trailing pole tip
c) Magnetic saturation in the center of poles d) None of the above
(xxii) Interpole windings are connected
a) With parallel to the armature winding b) In series with the armature winding
c) Not connected with armature winding d) Connected with field winding
(xxiii) Laminations of core are generally made up of
a) Carbon b) Stainless steel c) Aluminium d) Cast steel
(xxiv) In wave winding, the number of brushes are always
a) Double the number of poles b) Same as number of poles
c) Half of number of poles d) Two
(xxv) In a 4 pole DC machine
a) All the four poles are north pole b) All the four poles are south pole
c) Alternate poles are north and south d) Two north poles follow two south poles
(xxvi) In DC generator, current to the external circuit from armature is given through
a) Commutator b) Solid connection c) Slip rings d) None of the above
Page 2 of 10
(xxvii) In the armature winding of DC generator the current flows is
a) Direct in nature b) Alternating and sinusoidal
c) Alternating and triangular type d) None of these
(xxviii) A good voltage regulation of the transformer means’
a) Output voltage fluctuation from no load to full load is least
b) Output voltage fluctuation with power factor is least
c) Difference between primary and secondary voltage is least
d) Difference between primary and secondary voltage is maximum

(xxix) A transformer will have maximum efficiency at a load such that

a) Copper loss = iron loss b) Copper loss < iron loss
c) Copper loss > iron loss d) None of the above
(xxx) The full load copper loss is 800 W. At half load Cu loss will be
a) 3200 W b) 800 W c) 400 W d) 1600 W
(xxxi) Which loss is zero in transformer even at full load
a) Core loss b) Friction loss c) Eddy current loss d) Hysteresis loss
(xxxii) The no load current in transformer is how much percentage of full load current?
a) 2 to 5% b) 12 to 15% c) 0.2 to 0.5% d) 20 to 30%
(xxxiii) The value of the flux in emf equation of transformer is
a) Average b) Rms c) Maximum d) instantaneous
(xxxiv) Which loss remains constant irrespective of load change ?
a) Friction and windage loss b) Copper loss
c) Eddy current and hysteresis loss d) None of the above
(xxxv) For the given applied voltage, with increase in frequency
a) Eddy current loss decreases b) Eddy current loss increases
c) Eddy current loss remains unchanged d) None of the above
(xxxvi) Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the power factor of the load is
a) Unity b) Lagging c) Leading d) zero
(xxxvii) which of the following combination of 3ph transformers can be connected in parallel
successfully
a) Dy and Dy b) Yy and Dy c) Dd and Dy d) Yd and Dd
(xxxviii) When one transformer is removed from a Dd bank of 30 KVA transformer, the capacity
of resulting transformer becomes
a) 17.3 KVA b) 11.5 KVA c) 25.9 KVA d) 20 KVA
(xxxix) Hysteresis loss in transformer varies with
a) Bmax b) Bmax ^2 c) Bmax ^ 1.6 d) Bmax
(xl) The efficiency of two identical transformers can be determined by
a) Short circuit test b) Open circuit test c) Back to back test d) Any of the above
(xli) Greater secondary leakage flux causes
a) Less secondary induced emf b) less primary induced emf
c) less primary leakage flux d) none of the above
(xlii) A transformer core is laminated to
a) reduce hysteresis loss b) reduce eddy current loss
c) reduce cu loss d) reduce all above losses

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(xliii) In the transformer the following winding has more cross sectional area
a) Low voltage winding b) High voltage winding c) Primary winding d) Secondary
winding
(xliv) The transformer laminations are insulated from each other by
a) mica strip b) Thin coat of varnish c) Paper d) any of the above
(xlv) If R2 = resistance in secondary winding, K= transformation ratio, then equivalent secondary
resistance referred to primary will be
a) R2/ K b) R2/ K^2 c) R2^2 / K^2 d) R2/ 2K
(xlvi) Two transformers operating in parallel will share the load depending upon their
a) leakage reactance b) per unit impedance c) efficiencies d) None of the above
(xlvii) During short circuit test iron losses are negligible because
a) the current in the secondary side is negligible b) The voltage in secondary side does not
vary
c) The voltage applied in primary side is low d) full load current is not supplied to the
transformer
(xlviii) The primary coil is connected to 60 V AC source. The secondary is connected to 330 ohm
load. The turns ratio is 3:1. The secondary voltage is
a) 2V b) 20 V c) 180 V d) 18 V
(xlix) In a transformer, generally tappings are provided in
a) primary side b) secondary side c) high voltage side d) low voltage side
(xlx) During open circuit test of a transformer
a) primary is supplied rated voltage b) primary is supplied full load current
c) primary is supplied current at rated voltage d) primary is supplied rated KVA
(xlxi) Most familiar application of a zigzag transformer is
a) ground reference on an ungrounded system b) Converting single phase to two phase
c) reduction of harmonics d) all of these
(xlxii) In scott connection the voltage across teaser leads the mains by
a) 30 degree b) 60 degree c) 90 degree d) 120 degree

Section B (Short and Long answer type questions)

Module 1
1. State Ampere’s Circuital law.
[Mod1/CO1/Remember-LOCQ] 2
2. State Biot-Savart’s law
[Mod1/CO1/Remember-LOCQ] 2
3. Define relative permeability of any medium.
[Mod1/CO1/Understand-LOCQ] 3
4. Define electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque.
[Mod1/CO1/Understand-LOCQ] 3
5. Define flux density and field intensity. Also show their relationship.
[Mod1/CO1/Understand-LOCQ] 3
Page 4 of 10
6. Define pitch factor with necessary phasor diagram.
[Mod1/CO1/Understand-IOCQ] 3
7. What is distribution factor? -explain with phasor diagram.
[Mod1/CO1/Understand-IOCQ] 5

Module 2

8. Determine torque equation of DC motor.

[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 5
9. Write short notes on dynamic breaking
[Mod2/CO2/Understanding-IOCQ] 5
10. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency of a dc machine.
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 3
11. Explain Swinburn test to determine the efficiency of a DC motor
[Mod2/CO2/Analyze-IOCQ] 9
12. Explain Hopkinson’s test to determine the efficiency of a DC motor
[Mod2/CO2/Analyze-IOCQ] 7
13. What is ideal commutation?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 2
14. Discuss about the practical commutation.
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 6
15. How can the problem of commutation be improved?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 5
16. What is delayed commutation?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 5
17. Derive EMF equation of a DC generator.
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 5
18. Determine the cross magnetizing AT/pole in DC machine.
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 5
19. Determine the de-magnetising AT/pole in DC machine.
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 5
20. What is resistance commutation?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 5
21. What is armature reaction?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 2
22. How does the flux weakening and distortion happen for armature reaction?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 6
23. Describe the effects of armature reaction on the operation of a DC machine.
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 4

Page 5 of 10
24. Discuss the methods to minimize the armature reaction.
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 4
25. Explain with neat sketch how speed control of DC shunt motor is done by Ward Leonard
Control system? How the direction of rotation can be changed?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 6+1
26. Define the terms critical speed and critical field resistance relating to DC shunt generator.
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 4
27. Explain the voltage build up process when the generator is driven at constant speed.
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 5
28. What is field flashing?
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-LOCQ] 3
29. What is reactance voltage?
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 4
30. Write short notes on : (a) plugging (b) Dynamic breaking (c) Regenerative breaking
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 5x3
31. Explain advantages and disadvantages of Ward Leonard speed control method.
[Mod2/CO2/Analyze-IOCQ] 3
32. Describe the different types of excitation of DC machine with proper diagram.
[Mod2/CO2/Analyze-IOCQ] 4
33. Explain the operation of a 3point starter for DC motor with neat diagram.
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 6
34. What is the advantage of 4 point starter over 3 point starter?
[Mod2/CO2/Analyze-IOCQ] 2
35. Explain the speed control methods of DC shunt motor.
[Mod2/CO2/Remember-IOCQ] 8
36. Write short notes on : (a) Field excitations of DC machine (b) Compensating winding and
interpoles.
[Mod2/CO2/Understand-IOCQ] 5x2
37. A separately excited DC generator, when running at 1200 rpm supplies 200 A at 125V to a
circuit of constant resistance. What will be the current when the speed is dropped to 1000
rpm and the field current is reduced to 80%? Armature resistance = 0.04 ohm, and total drop
at brushes are 2 V. Ignore saturation and armature reaction.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7
38. A 10 kW DC shunt generator has the following losses at full load.
Mechanical losses= 290 W; Iron loss = 410 W;
Shunt copper loss = 120 W; Armature copper loss = 595 W;
Calculate the efficiency of a DC motor
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 8
39. An 8 pole, DC shunt generator with 778 wave connected armature conductor and running at
500 rpm supplies a load of 12.5 ohm resistance at terminal voltage of 250 V. The armature
resistance is 0.24 ohm and the field resistance is 250 ohm. Find the armature current, induced
emf, and the flux per pole.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7

Page 6 of 10
40. A 250 V series motor runs at 600 rpm when taking current of 25 A. The resistance of the
armature is 0.5 and that of the field is 0.4. If the current remains constant, calculate the
resistance necessary to reduce the speed to 300 rpm.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7
41. A 4 pole DC generator has useful flux/pole of 0.7 Wb. The armature has 400 lap connected
conductors, each of resistance 0.002 ohm, and is rotating at a speed of 900 rpm. If the
armature current is 50 A, calculate terminal voltage.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7
42. A lap winding wounded DC machine has 4 poles, 560 conductors with the speed 960 rpm.
Each pole generators 0.05 Wb flux lines. What is generated emf?
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 6
43. A 4 pole generator has lap winding with 90 slots. Each slot is having 6 conductors. The
speed of armature is 1500 rpm and each pole produces 60 mWb flux lines. If each conductor
conducts 100 A current, then find power generated by the dynamo.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 6
44. A 2pole dynamo has lap winding in its armature. Number of conductors are 800. Armature
current is 100 A during full load condition. If the dynamo brush is shifted by 5 degree, find de-
magnetizing and cross-magnetizing ampere-turn per pole.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7
45. A 4pole generator (lap winding) has 90 slots, each slots are having 6 conductors. The speed
of armature is 1500 rpm, and each pole produces 0.06wb flux lines. If each conductor
conducts 100 amp current, then find the power generated by the generator.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7
46. The armature circuit resistance of a 18.65kW, 250 V DC series motor is 0.1 ohm, the brush
voltage drop is 3V, and the series field resistance is 0.05 ohm. When the motor takes 80 amp,
speed is 600 rpm. Calculate the speed when the current is 100 amp.
[Mod2/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7

Module 3

47. Discuss in brief the basic principle of operation of transformer.

[Mod3/CO3/Remember-IOCQ] 4
48. Explain the assumptions taken for ideal transformer.
[Mod3/CO3/Remember-LOCQ] 3
49. Derive the expression of EMF of ideal transformer.
[Mod3/CO3/Remember-LOCQ]
50. Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a single phase transformer at lagging p.f.
[Mod3/CO3/Understand-IOCQ] 7
51. What is voltage regulation? How can it be obtained from equivalent circuit parameters.
[Mod3/CO3/Understand-IOCQ] 8
52. Draw the equivalent circuit of a transformer and explain significance of each term in it.
Page 7 of 10
[Mod3/CO3/Understand-IOCQ] 8
53. Explain the short circuit test and open circuit test.
[Mod3/CO3/Understand-IOCQ] 8
54. Describe on the Sumpner test/ back to back test.
[Mod3/CO3/Analyze-IOCQ] 8
55. How are the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss separated?
[Mod3/CO3/Analyze-IOCQ] 5
56. What are the differences between core type and shell type transformer?
[Mod3/CO3/Understand-LOCQ] 2
57. A 20 kVA, 2500/250 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer gave the following results :
Open circuit test (lv side): 250V, 1.4 A, 105 W
Short circuit test (hv side): 104 V, 8A, 320 W
Compute the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to high voltage and low voltage sides.
[Mod3/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 9
58. Calculate the efficiency at half full load of a 100kVA transformer for pf of unity and 0.8. The
copper loss is 1000W at full load and iron loss is 1000W.
[Mod3/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 7
59. The primary and secondary winding of a 500 KVA, 1ph transformer have resistance of 0.4
ohm, 0.0015 ohm respectively. The primary and secondary voltages are 6000V, and 400 V
respectively and the iron loss is 3.2 kW. Calculate the efficiency on (i) full load (ii) half load.
Assume the p.f of the load to be 0.8.
[Mod3/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 8
60. A 30kVA, 2400/120V, 50Hz single phase transformer has a high voltage winding resistance
of 0.1 ohm, and a leakage reactance of 0.22ohm. The low voltage winding resistance is 0.035
ohm and the leakage reactance is 0.012 ohm. Find the equivalent winding resistance,
reactance and impedance referred to the (i) high voltage side (ii) low voltage side.
[Mod3/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 8

Module 4

61. What is group connection?

[Mod4/CO4/Remember-IOCQ] 3
62. Draw the vector diagram corresponding connection diagram of following transformer (i)
Dy11 (ii) Dd6 (iii) Yz11
[Mod4/CO4/Remember-IOCQ] 15
63. Draw the vector diagram corresponding connection diagram of following transformer (i)
Dy1 (ii) Dd0 (iii) Yz1
[Mod4/CO4/Analyze-IOCQ] 15
64. Draw the vector diagram corresponding connection diagram of following transformer (i)
Yd11 (ii) Yy6 (iii) Dz0
Page 8 of 10
[Mod4/CO4/Analyze-IOCQ] 15
65. Draw the vector diagram corresponding connection diagram of following transformer (i)
Yd1 (ii) Yy0 (iii) Dz6
[Mod4/CO4/Analyze-IOCQ] 15
66. What is neutral oscillation?
[Mod4/CO4/Analyze-IOCQ] 5
67. Why neutral point of star connection is grounded?
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 2
68. Write short notes on: Neutral Shifting
[Mod4/CO4/Analyze-IOCQ] 5
69. Describe briefly on V-V connection of transformer. Mention its application.
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 5
70. Compare the capacity of V-V connection transformer with delta-delta transformer.
[Mod4/CO4/Analyse-IOCQ] 3
71. Determine the KVA rating and power delivered by two transformers of an open delta
connection.
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 8
72. What is the advantage of using single three phase transformer with respect to three units of
1ph transformer/ compare between them ?
[Mod4/CO4/Remember-IOCQ] 2
73. Explain in brief the operation of Scott connection/ T-T transformer.
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 6
74. How the phase conversion is possible from 3ph to 6 ph?
[Mod4/CO4/Remember-IOCQ] 6
75. How does 3ph to 2ph conversion happen?
[Mod4/CO4/Remember-IOCQ] 5
76. Write the brief note on (a) on load tap changing transformer (b) off load tap changing
transformer (c) pulse transformer (d) audio-frequency transformer (e) grounding
transformer (f) current transformer (g) potential transformer.
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 7x5
77. Compare between the on load tap changing transformer and off load tap changing
transformer.
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 3
78. Explain the necessity and condition of parallel operation of three phase transformer.
[Mod4/CO4/Understand-IOCQ] 4
79. Two transformers are connected in open delta and supply a balanced 3 phase load of 240
kW at 400 volts and a p.f. of 0.866, determine
(a)The secondary line current
(b) The KVA load on each transformer
(c) The power delivered by the individual transformers
[Mod4/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 9

Page 9 of 10
80. Three single phase transformers, connected in delta-delta, supply a balanced 3 phase load
of 1500 kW at 400 V at 0.8 pf lagging. The transformers are supplied from 3 phase mains at
11000 V. Find the current in the windings of each transformer. If one of transformer is
removed because of a sudden fault, and the supply is maintained in V-V connection, determine
the currents in the windings and the power supplied by each of the transformers.
[Mod4/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 9
81. A three phase transformer bank, containing three 1 phase transformers, is used to step
down the voltage of a three thase, 6600 v transmission line. If the primary line current is 10 A,
calculate the secondary line voltage, line current and output KVA for the following
connections: (i) star-delta (ii) delta- star
[Mod4/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 8
82. The HV terminals of a 3 phase bank of three single phase transformers are connected to a 3
wire, 3 phase, 11 kV (LL) system. The LV terminals are connected to a 3 wire, 3 phase load
rated load of 1100 kVA and 2200 V line-to-line (LL). Specify the voltage, current and kVA
ratings of each transformer (both HV and LV windings) for the following connection (i) star-
star (ii) star-delta.
[Mod4/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 8
83. A Δ-Δ bank consisting of three 20 kVA, 2300/230 V transformers supplies a load of 40 kVA. If
one transformer is removed, find for the resulting V-V vonnection
(i) KVA load carried by each transformer
(ii) % load carried by each transformer
(iii) total kVA rating of V-V bank
(iv) ratio of V-V bank to Δ-Δ bank transformer ratings
[Mod4/CO5/Apply-IOCQ] 8

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