What is the significance of the phrase “Je me souviens” in relation to

Acadian culture?​

✅
○​ a) It represents the resilience and cultural pride of the Acadian
people. ​

○​ b) It symbolizes the deportation and exile of the Acadians.​

○​ c) It signifies the bilingual nature of the Acadian province.​

○​ d) It reflects the historical injustices faced by the Acadian

community.​

2.​ Who led the Virginia militia into the Ohio Valley in 1754 before the
Seven Years’ War?​

○​ a) George Washington ✅​
○​ b) Edward Braddock​

○​ c) Marquis de Montcalm​

○​ d) James Wolfe​

3.​ An indentured servant can best be described as a form of —–​

○​ a) Slavery​

○​ b) Lifetime employment for economic development​

○​ c) A person contracted to work without salary ✅​

○​ d) A religious and political program to convert indigenous
people into mercantilism​
4.​ What was the primary resource that fueled the European colonization
of North America?​

○​ a) Gold and precious gems​

○​ b) Spices and silks​

○​ c) Cod fish​

○​ d) Fur ✅​
5.​ What was the significance of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?​

○​ a) It ended the French and Indian War.​

○​ b) It established exclusive trading rights for the Hudson’s Bay

Company.​

○​ c) It granted England control over the fur trade in North

America.​

○​ d) It marked the beginning of the Acadian deportation. ✅​

6.​ What was the long-term impact of the fur trade on indigenous states
and culture?​

✅
○​ a) Economic dependence and changes in social relationships
​

○​ b) Preservation of indigenous culture and traditions​

○​ c) Increased political power for indigenous nations​

○​ d) Improved living conditions for indigenous communities​

7.​ What were the three main factors that set the stage for European
exploration and expansion in the 16th century?​

✅
○​ a) Economic growth, new technologies, and competition among
European nations ​

○​ b) Religious conflicts, new seafaring technologies, and trade

routes to Asia​

○​ c) Political rivalries, military advancements, and the desire for

glory​

○​ d) Gold, gospel, and government​

8.​ The term ‘globalization’ came to be used to describe the patterns of

the 1700 and 1800 centuries mainly because it represents ——​

○​ a) The concept of trade ✅​

○​ b) The concept of erasing culture​

○​ c) The concept of historical consciousness​

○​ d) The concept of religious exploration​

9.​ What was the result of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?​

○​ a) France retained control of New France​

○​ b) Britain gained control of New France ✅​

○​ c) The Ohio Valley became an independent territory​

○​ d) The war ended in a stalemate​

Historical Concepts that changed the world

Explain the importance of five of the six concepts - what the concepts is and why it is
important. Each explanation should be four/five sentences and each concept will be a
separate paragraph. Each paragraph/concept is worth 3 points.

A) Robes

B) Pearling

C) Mercantilism

D) Hudson Bay Company

E) Acadians

F) Seven Years War

A) Black Robes

The "Black Robes" were French Catholic missionaries, mostly Jesuits, who came to North America
in the 1600s. They were called “Black Robes” by Indigenous peoples because of their long black
clothing. Their main goal was to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity and teach them
European customs. This is important because it shows how religion was used as a tool during
colonization and how it affected Indigenous culture and life. The work of the Black Robes caused
major cultural changes and sometimes led to tension between Europeans and Indigenous
communities.

B) Pearling

Pearling was the practice of collecting pearls from oysters, especially in the Persian Gulf region.
Before the oil industry, pearling was a major economic activity in the Middle East. It supported many
families and created trade between the Gulf and other parts of the world. The importance of pearling
shows how regions relied on natural resources for survival and trade. Although it declined with the
rise of oil, pearling was a key part of Gulf history and culture.
C) Mercantilism

Mercantilism was an economic idea where colonies existed to benefit the mother country. The goal
was to gather as much gold and silver as possible by controlling trade. Colonies could only trade
with their ruling country, which made them depend on Europe. This system was important because it
led to competition between European powers and helped cause wars over colonies. It also helped
shape the development of Canada and other colonies under European control.

D) Hudson’s Bay Company

The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) was founded in 1670 and became one of the oldest and most
powerful trading companies in Canada. It controlled the fur trade in a huge area known as Rupert’s
Land. HBC played a big role in exploring Canada and building trading relationships with Indigenous
peoples. The company’s power shows how business shaped colonization and control over land.
HBC helped lay the foundation for Canada’s early economy and expansion.

E) Acadians
The Acadians were French settlers who lived in the region now known as Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. They had their own culture and wanted to stay neutral
during conflicts between Britain and France. In 1755, the British deported thousands of
Acadians in what is called the Great Expulsion, because they feared the Acadians would side
with France. This event is important because it showed how colonial power struggles affected
innocent people. Many Acadians later ended up in Louisiana, where their culture helped create
the Cajun identity.

F) Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict between Britain and France, with battles in
Europe, North America, and elsewhere. In Canada, it’s known as the war that decided which country
would control the land. The British victory led to the fall of New France and the start of British rule in
Canada. This war is important because it changed the future of Canada, especially for the French
settlers and Indigenous peoples. It also helped lead to the American Revolution because of rising
British taxes to pay for the war.
This diagram represents the technology of which group of people? Secondly, explain
how this technology works, the different components, and the purpose. Lastly, how
does it reflect the culture of these people. As always, be thorough and detailed to
demonstrate your insights.*

This technology represents the acadians. This is called dykes and there are used for farmings etc.
There is somethinng called a slicye it stops both things collide together. for the high tide there is a
big flow of water trying to enter but it caant since its stopped by it for the low tide then wthey need
new water they throw it out back in the river and let it out. This reflects there culture because the
acadians didnt have enough money themselves to buy for or any of the stuff so they created the
dykes to help with there farming and to make it better.
The "three G's" that encouraged European expansion refer to which of the
following?

1/1

A) Gold, Glory, and Geography

B) Gold, Gospel, and Glory

C) Gold, Government, and Glory

D) Gold, Goods, and Glory

What role did Jesuit missionaries (Black Robes) play in the Americas?

1/1

A) They focused solely on economic trade.

B) They sought to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity and spread European cultural
values.

C) They established military alliances with Indigenous tribes.

D) They primarily engaged in the fur trade.

The fur trade significantly influenced which of the following pattern in North
America?

*
1/1

A) The decline of European powers

B) The establishment of permanent settlements by Indigenous peoples

C) Intense rivalry between French and English traders

D) The eradication of Indigenous cultures

What was a major consequence of mercantilism for European powers?

1/1

A) Increased reliance on Indigenous economies

B) Establishment of colonies to provide raw materials and markets

C) Decreased competition among European nations

D) A focus on agricultural development in Europe

How did the fur trade affect Indigenous cultures in North America

1/1

A) It led to complete independence from European influence.

B) It transformed trade practices and social structures, emphasizing alliances.

C) It resulted in the immediate decline of Indigenous populations.

D) It had no significant impact on Indigenous cultures.

There are five concepts; you explain in detail with examples where appropriate what
four of them are and why it is significant.

1. Challenges of pearl diving

2. Primary & secondary Industry

3. Jobs of a pearling ship

4. Hudson Bay Company/monopoly

5. Charles II &Prince Rupert & Radisson & Des Grasellar

Pearl diving was the main economic acativity in the uae before oil discovery. In arabic it was called
"qaws al khabir" meaning the big dive. Pearl trading happend from the late 1800s to the early 1900s.
Pearl diving usually happend in the summer season. Although pearl diving was very helpfull in the
community it came with alot of challenges. Divers would have to hold there breath for up to 3 mins
under water to collect oysters and repeated to around 50 times per day. Not only did this cause them
a risk for drowning but also shark attacks, jellyfish stings and the repeated diving could cause them
laung dammage and hearing problems.

The significance of the challanges of pearl diving is that it shows us how rich this economy was and
how high in demand it was. As divers knew the challenges they completed through with diving
showing the dedication of the UAE culture.

The primary industry was the main source of extraction of raw materials and items like fishing and
hunting.The secondary industry was the industry of proccesing these items and creating them into
finished goods so that they could go into trade and be sold. An example of the primary industry and
the secondary industry working together is items like wheat being primarily picked from farms and
then secondarily being proccesed to baked goods like bread.

The significance of the primary industry and the secondary industry is that it shows us how powerfull
these two work together in our economical system. The primary industry would be nothing without
the secondary industry and vice versa.

There were many people of the pearling ship but only some had main jobs. The first job was the
captain, the captain sailed the boat and knew all the oyster locations. The second job was the singer,
the singer would sing rythems to ease the divers and make there job easier. The third job was the
diver, this was the most challenging job. Divers would have to go down into the water without
breathing equipments and catch oysters. They would wear nose clips to prevent water going into
them, wear a cotton swimsuit to prevent the risks of getting bitten by any sea creatures and had
three ropes put on them. One rope had a rock attached to it so the diver can swim deeper, one rope
was for emeergencies and the other was to be pulled up and down. The hauler, the hauler was in
charge of bringing the diver up and down. The hauler had to be very strong since the lives of the
divers were on this rope. There were also jobs on the boat that had to organzie the oysters and bring
them to markets for trade.

The significance of these jobs were that they helped many people living in the UAE to have jobs. As
many were jobless, this provided many people with jobs. As peal diving died down because of
cultured pearls, synthetic jewllery and the great depression many people who worked on these boats
were left without jobs signifying the importance of pearl diving on the people.

The hudson bay company was establsihed in 1670 by two french explorers called Raddison and des
grasselar. After there idea was rejected by the french they sought english support. King charles ll
who was the king of england and his cousin Prince Ruper backed there idea. Hudson bay compay
was granted trading rights in Ruperts land which covered areas like Winnipeg and Calgary. They
created trading forts in winnipeg and calgary. This marked the first contact between the idegenous
and the europeans. They would trade the beaver pelts they hunted for european goods like weapons
and metals. Beaver pelts were high in deman by the europen because of the fashion/style that was
modernizing in Europe. They had rivals through, the french had also established fur trading. This
went on until the 7 year war (1756-1763)and as the Europeans dominated this war they took the
upper hand and the trading began to expand. As fur trading died down as it was no longer in fashion
and beaver population started decreasing, hudson bay company turend to a retail company.
Winnipeg and Calgary expanded and turned into big cities no longer being trading forts.

The significance of Hudson bay Company was extaordinary. Not only did there trading dominate the
economy but as the fur trading died they turned to a retail company which showed there
development and adjustments to changes.

Att first, the English, French, and Indigenous people all benefited from the fur trade.
Explain what each received, how they benefited. As time progressed, the Europeans
increased their influence at the cost to the indigenous people - how and why. This
relationship resulted in a trade system called mercantilism. Describe how this global
system works and why the Europeans' develop exceptionally strong economies.

At first, the English, French, and Indigenous peoples all benefited from the fur trade. The Indigenous
peoples received goods like metal tools, guns, and blankets, which made life easier and improved
their trade power. The French and English gained valuable fur pelts—especially beaver—that they
could sell in Europe for high profits.

As time went on, Europeans increased their influence. They expanded settlements, took land,
controlled trade, and made Indigenous people more dependent on European goods. Diseases
brought by Europeans also reduced Indigenous populations. This shift gave Europeans more power
and hurt Indigenous communities.
This led to a system called mercantilism. Colonies sent raw materials (like furs, timber, and crops) to
European countries at low prices. In return, the colonies had to buy manufactured goods from
Europe at high prices. This system made Europe very rich and powerful because they controlled
trade and kept the profits, while the colonies and Indigenous peoples lost resources and
independence.

This poster was created after an incident between British Troops and American
Colonist. First, explain the context, what took place, just the facts. Then, what is
happening in the political cartoon. Secondly discuss if this is actually propaganda; if so,
four pieces to support your analysis or four pieces to prove this in not propaganda.*

Context / What Happened (Just the Facts):

The Boston Massacre happened on March 5, 1770, when British soldiers shot and
killed five American colonists during a tense protest in Boston. Colonists were
angry about the British presence in their city because of the tax put on them.
There was yelling and some violence from both sides before shots were fired.
What’s Happening in the Political Cartoon:

This poster, made by Paul Revere, shows British soldiers lined up in formation,
firing their guns at unarmed colonists. The colonists are falling to the ground,
bleeding, and look shocked or helpless. Smoke from the gunfire fills the air. In the
background, buildings and a church tower are shown, and there are more British
officers calmly watching the scene.

Is This Propaganda? Yes.

This poster is propaganda because it is meant to make people angry at the

British. Here are four pieces of evidence directly from the poster that prove it:

1.​ The British soldiers are shown firing in an organized line – This makes it
look like they attacked on purpose, not in panic.​

2.​ The colonists are not fighting back – They are drawn as completely
innocent and peaceful, which is not the full story.​

3.​ There is a lot of blood on the ground – This dramatic detail is meant to
shock viewers and stir emotions.​

4.​ The officer is shown ordering the shooting – He is holding up a sword as if

giving a command, suggesting the violence was planned.​

Seven Years’ War (1756-1763)

Who fought?
 ●​ England vs. France in North America​

What was it?

●​ A war over territory in North America.​

●​ Britain won, but the war was expensive.​

●​ To pay for it, Britain taxed the 13 American colonies.​

When did it happen?

●​ 1756-1763​

Why is it important?

●​ Cause: War cost a lot of money, so Britain taxed the colonies.​

●​ Effect: Colonists became angry and felt unfairly treated, leading to resentment against
British rule.​

Manifest Destiny & Absolute Power

What is Manifest Destiny?

●​ The belief that Americans had the right to expand and control their own future.​

●​ It justified westward expansion, often at the expense of indigenous people.​

What is Absolute Power?

●​ A system where one ruler or government has complete control.​

●​ Americans believed that Manifest Destiny justified their control over land and people.​

Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)

What happened?

●​ British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people.​

●​ Tensions were already high between British soldiers and the American colonists.​

●​ This event was used as propaganda to turn colonists against the British.​

Was it a massacre or an accident?

●​ Colonists saw it as a massacre because unarmed people were killed.​

●​ The British argued it was self-defense since the crowd was hostile.​

The Bloody Massacre Poster (Paul Revere’s Engraving)

What does the snake image mean?

●​ The snake represents division and unity (inspired by Benjamin Franklin’s “Join or Die”
cartoon).​

●​ It suggests that the colonies need to unite against British rule.​

Why was this poster produced?

●​ Propaganda:​

○​ Made the British look cruel and violent.​

○​ Encouraged colonial resistance and anger toward Britain.​

How does the poster exaggerate the event?

●​ Title and text make the British soldiers look evil.​

●​ The crowd looks like victims, even though they may have provoked the soldiers.​

●​ The image is black and white, except for blood, which draws attention to the violence.​
 ●​ 5 pieces of evidence in the picture suggest that it was meant to create outrage, not just
record the event.​

Effects of the Seven Years’ War on North America

Who won the war?

●​ England (Great Britain)​

What did this war do in North America?

1.​ Britain taxed the colonies to pay for the war.​

2.​ The 13 colonies started seeing themselves as one country instead of separate British
territories.​

3.​ Poor colonists had to pay higher taxes to cover war expenses, which increased
resentment toward Britain.​

Key People & Groups

Who was Samuel Adams?

●​ A leader of the Sons of Liberty, a group that protested British rule.​

●​ Encouraged rebellion against unfair British taxation.​

Who was King George III?

●​ The King of Britain during the American Revolution.​

●​ Wanted to control the colonies and make them pay taxes.​

What Should Happen Next? (Analysis & Predictions)

 ●​ The King should tell England to reduce or remove the unfair taxes that are making the
colonists angry. If the taxes are lowered, it could calm the situation and help avoid a full
rebellion. The King should also remove some of the British troops from the colonies,
especially from places like Boston, to show the colonists that he wants peace and is
willing to listen.
●​ The colonists should organize peaceful protests and write letters to the King explaining
why the taxes are unfair. Instead of fighting or attacking soldiers, they should try to solve
things with words first. If the King doesn’t listen, then they may need to consider stronger
actions like boycotting British goods or even asking for more independence. But the first
step should be to try for peace and fair treatment.

The snake image refers to Benjamin Franklin’s famous political cartoon, “Join, or Die.”

Meaning of the Snake Image

●​ The snake is cut into pieces, each labeled with abbreviations for the American colonies.​

●​ It symbolizes colonial unity—if the colonies don’t join together against the British, they
will be weak and “die” separately.​

●​ This was originally used during the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War) to
encourage unity against the French but later became a symbol of resistance against
British rule.​

Connection to the Boston Massacre

●​ The idea of propaganda: Just like the Bloody Massacre poster, the snake cartoon was
used to persuade people to unite and fight against British control.​

●​ Colonists saw the Boston Massacre as proof that Britain was oppressive, making unity
even more important
What’s Happening in the Image:

The painting shows General George Washington leading a surprise attack during the American
Revolutionary War. On the night of December 25, 1776, Washington and his soldiers crossed
the icy Delaware River in small boats to attack the Hessian (German) troops in Trenton, New
Jersey. The crossing happened during a snowstorm at night, and it was very risky.

Meaning of the Image:

This painting represents bravery, leadership, and hope. Washington is standing tall, looking
forward, symbolizing confidence and courage. The American flag is flying behind him, showing
the fight for freedom and independence. Even though the journey was dangerous, the soldiers
are working together to push through the ice and cold. It’s a symbol of how determined the
Americans were to win their freedom.

Importance of the Event:

●​ It was a turning point in the Revolutionary War.​

●​ The surprise attack was successful and gave the American troops a much-needed boost
in morale after several losses.​

●​ It showed that Washington was a strong leader willing to take risks.​

●​ It inspired more colonists to support the fight for independence.​

The Columbian Exchange and Its Global Impact

The Columbian Exchange was a massive transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases
between Europe and the Americas following the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492. This
exchange dramatically changed life on both sides of the Atlantic, bringing both benefits and
problems.

From Europe to the Americas, many new items were introduced. These included horses, pigs,
cows, wheat, sugarcane, and deadly diseases like smallpox and measles. While horses greatly
helped Native American tribes by improving travel and hunting, the diseases brought by
Europeans killed up to 90% of the Indigenous population because they had no immunity. This
caused widespread destruction of native societies and cultures.

One major crop that came from Europe to the Americas was sugarcane. At first, it seemed like a
useful plant, as it grew well in the Caribbean and South America and became a valuable export.
However, sugarcane plantations required a lot of labor. This led to the rise of the transatlantic
slave trade, where millions of Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas under brutal
conditions. These plantations made European countries wealthy but caused generations of
suffering and injustice.

From the Americas to Europe, many important crops were introduced, such as corn, potatoes,
tomatoes, cacao (for chocolate), and tobacco. These crops became staples in European diets
and helped support population growth. For example, potatoes were easy to grow and provided
nutrition to poor communities, especially in Ireland and Eastern Europe.

The impact of the Columbian Exchange on society was huge. It created new global trade routes
and made the world more connected. However, it also led to colonization, slavery, and the
destruction of Indigenous cultures. Some societies benefited more than others, and many still
feel the effects today.

In conclusion, the Columbian Exchange was one of the most important events in world history. It
brought new foods, animals, and resources to different parts of the world—but also caused
disease, slavery, and suffering. The story of sugarcane is a clear example of how one item could
have both great value and great cost.