CD 326: Computer Graphics

Lecture – 3 FRAME BUFFER

SALIM DIWANI
 FRAME BUFFER
 Frame buffer is used in Raster Scan Display
devices.
 Frame buffer is a large, contiguous piece of
computer memory. (It has about 2D Array
Structure)
 In the frame buffer current image detail is
stored in the form of bits (each bit for a single
pixel).
 It may be part of main memory or spatial
graphics memory for modern system.

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 FRAME BUFFER
Type of frame buffer
 Monochromatic frame buffer
 Grey scale frame buffer
 Complex RGB frame buffer

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MONOCHROMATIC FRAME
BUFFER (BLACK/WHITE SCREEN)
 Frame buffer for monochromatic
monitor is a simplest frame buffer
model, where each pixel of screen is
reserved 1 bit of memory space.
 Frame buffer is analogous to computer
screen.

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MONOCHROMATIC FRAME
BUFFER (BLACK/WHITE SCREEN)
 Example:- Suppose that if you want to
illuminate the pixel(100,100) on the display
screen in monochromatic model with screen
resolution (1024*768). Then calculate the
followings:-
1. Show the frame buffer arrangement of
above system.
2. Calculate the size of image for above
system. If user wants to display single
pixel or 100 pixels of the screen.
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MONOCHROMATIC FRAME
BUFFER (BLACK/WHITE SCREEN)

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MONOCHROMATIC FRAME
BUFFER (BLACK/WHITE SCREEN)
Pixel (100,100)
Size =
Single = multiple pixels
Size = 1024 x 768 bits
Convert to kilobytes
=1024 x 768/8
= 96 K Bytes
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Frame Buffer (Grey Images)
 Grey images: various intensity level of light on
a single image. Some portion of image is darker,
brighter or more brighter.
 To display the gray images we need additional
bit planes depending upon the intensity level of
light.
 Voltage regulator is used to control the
intensity of electron gun.
 If we have N bit plane frame buffer then we can
generate the (2N) level of intensities.
 Ranging from (0 – darkest 2N – 1 Brightest)

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Frame Buffer (Grey Images)
 Level of Intensities for 3 bit Plane
Buffer
Bits 23 = 8
Intensity
0 0 0 Black (Darkest)
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1 White (Brightest)

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Frame Buffer (Grey Images)

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Frame Buffer (Grey Images)
Example: For a display with resolution
(1024*768). If we have 3 bits plane buffer for
grey scale image arrangement, then
evaluate the followings:-
a. Level of grey scale intensities.
b. The size of the image.
c. The size of image, if a single pixel is drawn on
screen.
d. The size of the image, if 100 pixels are drawn on
screen.

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Frame Buffer (Grey Images)
(1024 x 768)
3 bits Plane Frame Buffer
2N Bits
0 0 0
Intensity
Black (Darkest)
N=3 0 0 1
0 1 0
= 23 = 8 0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1 White (Brightest)

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Frame Buffer (Grey Images)
b) Size = N x Resolution
= 3 x 1024 x 768 bits

c) 1-Pixel
= 3 x 1024 x 768 bits

d) 100-Pixel
= 3 x 1024 x 768 bits
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Complex Color (RGB) Model
 Complex color model or 8 Bit Plane Per Color
Model or Full Color Model
 In color monitors, we are using 3 e guns to
produce the colors (single pixel is coated
with Red, Green, and Blue dot of
phosphorous).
 More complex color coding is also possible
with frame buffer arrangement.

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 8 Bit Plane Per Color Frame Buffer
Model (Full Color Model)
 In frame buffer arrangement we can use 8
bit plane per color frame buffer.
 R = 8 bits = 28 = 256 variants of red color
 G = 8 bits = 28 = 256 variants of green color
 B = 8 bits = 28 = 256 variants of blue color

Total colors = (28)3 = 224 = 16,777,216

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 8 Bit Plane Per Color Frame Buffer
Model (Full Color Model)

Red Green Blue

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 8 Bit Plane Per Color Frame Buffer
Model (Full Color Model)
“Human Eye can differentiate up to
7,000,000 colors”
24 Bit Plane frame buffer can generate
16,777,216 colors

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8 Bit Plane Per Color Frame Buffer
Model (Full Color Model)

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Buffer Model (Full Color
Model)
A simplest color monitor with
resolution (1024 x 768). Calculate
the following:
a)Arrangement of frame buffer system
b)Size of the image on this coding
system

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Buffer Model (Full Color
Model)

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Buffer Model (Full Color
Model)

b) 23 = 8
size = 3 x 1024 x 768
= 3 x 1024 x 768 bits

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 Hex Color Coding/ Color Packing/
Color Encoding (For Full Color Model)

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Quiz
1. Monochromatic screen can display the
images of
a. Black/White images
b. Grey Scale images
c. RGB simplest color images
d. RGB complex images
2. Frame buffer is used only in raster scan
methodology:- Explain

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Quiz
3. A user wants to display a single dot at the
pixel position (50, 100) with screen of
(1024*768).
i. Draw the image of frame buffer
ii. What is the size of image.

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Quiz
4. For a grey scale image system 4 bit plane
frame buffer is used. How many level of
intensities can be generated with this
arrangement?

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Quiz
5. To display a grey scale image of 3 bit frame
buffer, it needs how many electron guns?
6. For a screen with (1024 * 768) resolution. 4
bits frame buffer is used to display a grey
scale image.
a. Draw the image of frame buffer
b. What will be the size of image in this arrangement?

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Quiz
7. How many e guns are used in simplest color RGB
model
8. The color of the pixel is depend upon the color of
light (e gun) explain
9. The size of the image if user wants to display 8
pixels with different colors generated by simplest
RGB model. The resolution of the screen is (1024
x 768)
a. Draw the image of frame buffer
b. What will be the size of image in this arrangement?
10.Draw table for level of intensities for 3 bit plane
buffer, from black (darkest) to white (brightest)

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