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Tension Test

The document outlines a practical procedure for conducting a tension test on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, specifically mild steel, to determine its tensile strength and mechanical properties. It includes the significance of the test, theoretical background, required equipment, precautions, and a detailed step-by-step procedure for conducting the test. Additionally, it provides a framework for recording observations and performing calculations related to stress, strain, and modulus of elasticity.

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Suhaib Merchant
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8 views3 pages

Tension Test

The document outlines a practical procedure for conducting a tension test on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, specifically mild steel, to determine its tensile strength and mechanical properties. It includes the significance of the test, theoretical background, required equipment, precautions, and a detailed step-by-step procedure for conducting the test. Additionally, it provides a framework for recording observations and performing calculations related to stress, strain, and modulus of elasticity.

Uploaded by

Suhaib Merchant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical No: Tension test on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys

I. Practical Significance:
Loading causes reinforced cement concrete members to experience both tensile stress
and compressive stress. Mild steel and tor steel are commonly used in various R.C.C.
members during construction. Mild steel is specifically chosen to withstand tension
within the structure. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the tensile strength of mild steel
before incorporating it into the structure. The stress-strain curve for mild steel under
tension displays important points that help in understanding the material's ductile
behavior.

II. Relevant Theoretical Background:


The material displays a range of mechanical characteristics. Mild steel exhibits
elasticity, ductility, malleability, and strength. Determining the tensile strength of mild
steel is essential for utilizing it in different construction items. The tensile strength of
mild steel contributes to enhancing the product's strength. During a tension test, it is
crucial to observe the limit of proportionality, elastic limit, yield point, ultimate point,
and breaking point. Measuring the initial gauge length, final gauge length, reduction in
diameter, and observing the formation of a neck is necessary.

Figure : Typical Stress - Strain Curve for Mild Steel


III. Required resources/equipment:
Sr.
Resource required Particulars Quantity
No.
Universal Testing machine of capacity 1000kN, 600
01 UTM
KN, 400kN, analog type/digital type with all 2 nos.
attachments and accessories.
02 Specimen Mild steel. 1 per batch
Least count of 0.02 mm & measuring range of 0.02
03 Vernier caliper 1
mm to 150mm.
IV. Precautions to be followed:
1. The reading must be taken and noted down carefully.
2. The specimen should be fixed carefully in to the jaw of machine
3. Attach extensometer carefully.
4. Apply the load gradually.
5. Extensometer must be removed at the yield point load.
V. Procedure:
1. Measure the diameter of the specimen at three different sections. Calculate the
original diameter by taking average of three readings. The minimum overall length
of the specimen shall be 20 times diameter plus 200 mm.
2. Mark the gauge points over the grip length such that the gauge point’s distance is
half the gauge length
3. Fix up the bar in the appropriate crossheads so that it is subjected to tensile load.
4. Select a suitable loading range depending on the diameter of specimen.
5. Switch on the machine and open the control valve so that the load is increased
gradually and at the required rate.
6. Record the load at suitable interval from the digital display unit or the load dial.
Corresponding to loads note the readings
7. For initial few observations load and extension are in pace with each other. Record
the yield point load by observing the hesitation of load pointer reading. The
extension reading are faster at this moment.
8. Start to measure extension of gauge length by divider or suitable scale. Stop
measurement when maximum load has reached.
9. Record the maximum load. Observe the decrease in load and neck formation on the
specimen.
10. Record the load at fracture and put off the machine.
11. Remove the specimen. Observe the cone & cup formation at the fracture point.
12. Rejoin the two pieces, measure the final gauge length and the reduced diameter.
13. Plot the graph of Stress verses strain for mild steel and determine the modulus of
elasticity.
VI. Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not
sufficient)

a] Original diameter (Average) (d) = .............................................. mm


(A)= ............................................ mm2
b] Original gauge length (g) =.............................................. mm
c] Gauge length = .................................................mm

Observation after test:


1] Final gauge length = g' = ................................ mm
2] Reduced diameter d' = ................................ mm
Calculations:
a] Original area A= n/4 x d2 = ..................mm2
Reduced area A' = n/4 xd2 =...................mm2
b] Stress 𝜎 = load/ Original cross sectional area

c] Strain = £ = Extension/ Gaugelength

d] Modulus of Elasticity E = ------N/mm2

(Within Elastic limit)


e] Percentage elongation= [(g- g') / g] x 100 =
f] Percentage reduction in area= [(A -A')/ A] x 100 =

VII. Results:
a] Yield Stress:
b] Tensile Strength:
c] Nominal breaking Stress:
d] Percentage elongation:
e] Modulus of elasticity :

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