Name: RITHISH S

Regno:RA2411003012057
Sec:L2

Week 6 - Level 1 - 10 Practice Problems.

1. Write a program to compare two strings using the charAt() method and check the result with the
built-in String equals() method.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringCompare {

public static boolean compareUsingCharAt(String s1, String s2) {
if (s1.length() != s2.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) {
if (s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter first string: ");

String str1 = scanner.next();

System.out.print("Enter second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.next();
 boolean charAtResult = compareUsingCharAt(str1, str2);
boolean equalsResult = str1.equals(str2);

System.out.println("\nResult from charAt() comparison: " + charAtResult);

System.out.println("Result from equals() method: " + equalsResult);

if (charAtResult == equalsResult) {
System.out.println("✅ Both methods give the same result.");
} else {
System.out.println("❌ Methods give different results.");
}

scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter first string: code
Enter second string: code
Result from charAt() comparison: true
Result from equals() method: true
✅ Both methods give the same result.

2. Write a program to create a substring from a String using the charAt() method. Also, use the String
built-in method substring() to find the substring of the text. Finally Compare the the two strings
and display the results.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SubstringCompare {

public static String createSubstringUsingCharAt(String text, int start, int end) {
String result = "";
for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
result += text.charAt(i);
}
return result;
}
public static boolean compareUsingCharAt(String s1, String s2) {
if (s1.length() != s2.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) {
if (s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the main string: ");
String mainText = scanner.next();
System.out.print("Enter start index: ");
int start = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter end index: ");
int end = scanner.nextInt();

String customSubstring = createSubstringUsingCharAt(mainText, start, end);

String builtInSubstring = mainText.substring(start, end);
 boolean comparisonResult = compareUsingCharAt(customSubstring, builtInSubstring);

System.out.println("\nSubstring using charAt(): " + customSubstring);

System.out.println("Substring using substring(): " + builtInSubstring);
System.out.println("Are both substrings equal? " + comparisonResult);

scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter the main string: programming
Enter start index: 3
Enter end index: 8

Substring using charAt(): gramm

Substring using substring(): gramm
Are both substrings equal? True

3. Write a program to return all the characters in a string using the user-defined
method, compare the result with the String built-in toCharArray() method, and dis-
play the result.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CharArrayCompare {

public static char[] getCharsFromString(String text) {
char[] chars = new char[text.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
chars[i] = text.charAt(i);
}
 return chars;
}

public static boolean compareCharArrays(char[] a1, char[] a2) {

if (a1.length != a2.length) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.next();

char[] userDefinedArray = getCharsFromString(input);

char[] builtInArray = input.toCharArray();

boolean areEqual = compareCharArrays(userDefinedArray, builtInArray);

System.out.print("\nCharacters from user-defined method: ");

for (char c : userDefinedArray) {
System.out.print(c + " ");
}
 System.out.print("\nCharacters from toCharArray() method: ");
for (char c : builtInArray) {
System.out.print(c + " ");
}

System.out.println("\nAre both arrays equal? " + areEqual);

scanner.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter a string: java
Characters from user-defined method: j a v a
Characters from toCharArray() method: j a v a
Are both arrays equal? True

4. Write a program to demonstrate NullPointerException.

public class NullPointerDemo {

public static void generateException() {

String text = null;
System.out.println("Length of text: " + text.length());
}

public static void handleException() {

String text = null;
try {
System.out.println("Length of text: " + text.length());
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("Caught NullPointerException: " + e.getMessage());
}
 }

public static void main(String[] args) {

handleException();
}
}

Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.length()"
because "text" is null
at NullPointerDemo.generateException(NullPointerDemo.java:5)
at NullPointerDemo.main(NullPointerDemo.java:15)

5. Write a program to demonstrate StringIndexOutOfBoundsException.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringIndexOutOfBoundsDemo {

public static void generateException(String text) {

System.out.println("Character at index 10: " + text.charAt(10));
}

public static void handleException(String text) {

try {
System.out.println("Character at index 10: " + text.charAt(10));
} catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Caught StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.next();

handleException(input);

scanner.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter a string: java
 Caught StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: 10.

6. Write a program to demonstrate IllegalArgumentException.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class IllegalArgumentDemo {

public static void generateException(String text) {

String sub = text.substring(5, 2);
System.out.println("Substring: " + sub);
}

public static void handleException(String text) {

try {
String sub = text.substring(5, 2);
System.out.println("Substring: " + sub);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println("Caught IllegalArgumentException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
System.out.println("Caught RuntimeException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.next();

handleException(input);

scanner.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter a string: example
Caught IllegalArgumentException: begin 5, end 2, length 7.

7. Write a program to demonstrate NumberFormatException.

import java.util.Scanner;
 public class NumberFormatDemo {

public static void generateException(String text) {

int number = Integer.parseInt(text);
System.out.println("Converted number: " + number);
}

public static void handleException(String text) {

try {
int number = Integer.parseInt(text);
System.out.println("Converted number: " + number);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Caught NumberFormatException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
System.out.println("Caught RuntimeException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a number as text: ");

String input = scanner.next();

handleException(input);

scanner.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter a number as text: abc
Caught NumberFormatException: For input string: "abc"

8. Write a program to demonstrate ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsDemo {

public static void generateException(String[] names) {

 System.out.println("Accessing index 5: " + names[5]);
}

public static void handleException(String[] names) {

try {
System.out.println("Accessing index 5: " + names[5]);
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Caught ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
System.out.println("Caught RuntimeException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String[] names = new String[3];
System.out.println("Enter 3 names:");
for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
names[i] = scanner.next();
}
handleException(names);
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter 3 names:
Alice
Bob
Charlie
Caught ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 3
9. Write a program to convert the complete text to uppercase and compare the results.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class UpperCaseConversion {

public static String convertToUpper(String text) {

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
char ch = text.charAt(i);
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {
result.append((char)(ch - 32));
} else {
result.append(ch);
}
}
return result.toString();
}

public static boolean compareStrings(String s1, String s2) {

if (s1.length() != s2.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) {
if (s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter text: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String userDefinedUpper = convertToUpper(input);

String builtInUpper = input.toUpperCase();

boolean areEqual = compareStrings(userDefinedUpper, builtInUpper);

System.out.println("\nUser-defined uppercase: " + userDefinedUpper);

System.out.println("Built-in uppercase : " + builtInUpper);
System.out.println("Are both equal? : " + areEqual);
 scanner.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter text: Hello World 123

User-defined uppercase: HELLO WORLD 123

Built-in uppercase : HELLO WORLD 123
Are both equal? : true

10. Write a program to convert the complete text to lowercase and compare the results.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LowerCaseConversion {

public static String convertToLower(String text) {

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
char ch = text.charAt(i);
if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {
result.append((char)(ch + 32));
} else {
result.append(ch);
}
}
return result.toString();
}

public static boolean compareStrings(String s1, String s2) {

if (s1.length() != s2.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) {
if (s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
 System.out.print("Enter text: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();

String userDefinedLower = convertToLower(input);

String builtInLower = input.toLowerCase();

boolean areEqual = compareStrings(userDefinedLower, builtInLower);

System.out.println("\nUser-defined lowercase: " + userDefinedLower);

System.out.println("Built-in lowercase : " + builtInLower);
System.out.println("Are both equal? : " + areEqual);

scanner.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter text: HeLLo WorLD 123

User-defined lowercase: hello world 123

Built-in lowercase : hello world 123
Are both equal? : true.