B.

E MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

Project Title : Multilevel Inverter using cascade h-bridge topology

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical
Engineering

By

Abhay Singh 01
Hardik Desai 12
Manthan Kudiya 34
Samiksha Mate 35

Under the Guidance of

Prof. kshipra Pandey

Atharva College of Engineering

Malad-Marve Road, Charkop Naka, Malad (W), Mumbai-95
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Mumbai
Year 2021-2022

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 Atharva College of Engineering
Malad (W), Mumbai-95

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Abhay Singh , Hardik Desai, Manthan Kudiya, Samiksha Mate of Electrical
Department, bearing the University Seat Number 01,12,34,35 has submitted the project synopsis on
‘Multilevel inverter using cascade h-bridge topology and is accepted and examined for the partial
fulfillment of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Degree by the University of Mumbai.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Guide

Ms. Kshipra Pandey

Mrs. Pragya Jain (Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni)

In Charge Head of Dept. (EE) Principal

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere thanks to guide Ms Kshipra Pandey . for taking time
from her busy schedule to provide us with a great deal of help, support and encouraged us to work
diligently at every aspect of our project. Her views have always been equitable, striking a perfect
balance between encouragement and constructive criticism. Her constructive tips and suggestions
helped us to successfully do the project. We have benefited a lot from her immense knowledge and
experience.

We are thankful to our college Principal Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, Mrs.Pragya Jain , In Charge.
Head of Dept. (EE) and all staff members of the Electrical department who have provided us various
facilities and have guided us whenever required.

Our project at various stages has entailed us to seek help from a variety of individuals. We would
like to thank each one of them for their forbiddance and guidance.

Finally we would like to thank our parents and our friends for constantly supporting and
encouraging our efforts.

Abhay Singh 01

Hardik Desai 12

Manthan kudiya 34

Samiksha Mate35

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 ABSTRACT
Multilevel inverters have emerged as a pivotal technology in the
field of power electronics, revolutionizing the conversion of direct
current
(DC) into alternating current (AC). Unlike traditional inverters with
limited voltage levels, multilevel inverters offer multiple discrete
voltage levels, thereby enhancing output waveform quality,
reducing harmonic distortion, and improving overall system
efficiency. This abstract delves into the fundamental concepts and
key characteristics of multilevel inverters. It explores various
topologies, including diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded
H-bridge configurations, elucidating their advantages and trade-offs.
The underlying principle of stacking power electronic switches to
synthesize different voltage levels is examined, elucidating
Moreover,theabstracthighlightsthediverseapplicationsofmultilevel
inverters, encompassing renewable energy integration, motor drives,
and high-voltage transmission systems. It underscores their role in
enabling the efficient conversion of DC power sources into high-
quality AC power, making them indispensable in modern power
systems.

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 CONTENT

Chapter
Topic Page No.
No.

1 Introduction

2 Objective

3 Basic circuit diagram

4 Circuit diagram

5 Component

6 Application

7 Advantage and disadvantage

8 Conclusion

9 Reference

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Introduction:
MLIs were developed in 1975 as an alternative to directly connecting power
electronic switches to the medium-power grid. MLIs are gaining popularity due to
several advantages, including lower harmonic distortion, simplified filters,
improved waveform quality resembling a sinusoidal output, and reduced voltage
stress on the switches.
MLIs find applications in various fields of electrical engineering, including
renewable energy conversion, high-voltage DC transmission, distributed generation
(DG) systems, industrial drives, uninterruptible power supplies, and more.
There are three traditional multilevel inverter topologies: Neutral Point
Clamped (NPC), Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB), and Flying Capacitors (FCs). Out of
these, one might be preferred depending on the specific requirements and modular
characteristics.
A multilevel inverter is an electronic device used in power electronics to convert
direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) with multiple voltage levels.
Unlike traditional inverters that produce a square waveform with only two voltage
levels (high and low), multilevel inverters generate waveforms with several discrete
voltage levels, creating a closer approximation to a sinusoidal AC waveform.
The primary advantages of multilevel inverters include improved output
waveform quality, reduced harmonic distortion, and increased efficiency.

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Objective :
Typically, multilevel inverters come in various topologies, including
diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge configurations. Each
topology has its own advantages and trade-offs in terms of complexity, voltage
levels, and voltage balancing.
These inverters play a critical role in modern power systems by enabling the
efficient and reliable conversion of DC power sources, like batteries or photovoltaic
arrays, into high-quality AC power for use in various applications. various
developments in multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies, particularly focusing on
reducing the number of power electronic devices and addressing issues such as
switching losses and circuit size and cost. Here’s a brief summary of the mentioned
topologies:
A topology with more switches in the Cascaded H-Bridge MLI (CHB-MLI) is
reliable but increases switching losses and costs.
Reduced device count MLIs aim to minimize the number of power electronic
devices. Some of these topologies are mentioned, like those proposed in with
varying
levels and configurations.
Different structures are introduced to achieve various levels in MLIs, such as
S3CM and its modifications compact switched capacitor MLIs Square T-Type, and
K-Type topologies, each with its unique design features and advantages.
T-Type inverter topology without H-Bridge provides higher-level outputs under
various load conditions.
A generalized symmetric cascaded topology uses an H-type configuration for
both symmetric and asymmetric settings to reduce the total standing voltage.
A higher-level inverter topology suitable for both high and low switching
frequencies is proposed in earlier.

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Basic Circuit Diagram

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Circuit Diagram

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Components :-
Power semiconductor switches
Dc source
Capacitor ,batteries , photovoltaic panels
Control circuit and filters
Protection circuits

Applications-
The future scope of multilevel inverters is promising and includes several areas
of development and application:
Renewable Energy Integration: Multilevel inverters will play a crucial role
in integrating renewable energy sources like solar and wind into the grid.
They allow for higher voltage and power quality, making them well-suited for
grid-tied inverters and improving the efficiency of energy conversion.
Electric Vehicles: Multilevel inverters are expected to be a key technology in
electric vehicle (EV) drivetrains. They can efficiently control the power flow
between the battery and the motor, contributing to extended battery life
and improved vehicle performance. High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
Systems: Multilevel inverters are ideal for HVDC transmission systems,
enabling efficient power transmission over long distances and interconnection
between grids. They reduce harmonics and improve the reliability of HVDC
systems. Factories and Industrial Drives: Multilevel inverters are well-suited for
industrial applications that require high-power, variable-speed drives,
offering improved control and power quality. They can enhance the
performance of manufacturing processes and machinery. Grid Stability:
Multilevel inverters can provide grid support functions, helping to stabilize
voltage and frequency in the presence of intermittent renewable energy
sources. They can be used in Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
and grid-smoothing applications.Power Electronics in Smart Grids: As smart grids continue
to evolve,multilevel inverters will contribute to grid intelligence by enabling more
efficient and controlled power distribution. They can enhance the reliability
and resilience of power systems. Advanced Modulation Techniques: Ongoing

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research will focus on developing more advanced modulation techniques for
multilevel inverters, improving the efficiency and waveform quality. This
includes better utilization of semiconductor devices and reduced switching
losses.
In summary, the future of multilevel inverters is bright, driven by the need
for higher efficiency, better power quality, and reliable power electronics
solutions in various applications, including renewable energy, electric
transportation, and smart grids. Researchers and engineers will continue to
advance the technology to meet the evolving demands of the energy

Advantages and disadvantages:-

• Scalable
• Modularized circuit layout
• No extra clamping diode and Voltage Balancing Capacitors
• Lower dv/dt

Disadvantage:-

• Need of multiple voltage sources.

• Isolating Transformers

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Conclusion:-
n conclusion, the Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) stands as
a pivotal and versatile technology in the field of power electronics and power
conversion. Its modular, cascaded structure allows for a wide range of voltage
levels, making it an ideal choice for high-power and high-voltage applications.
Here are the key takeaways:
Modularity and Scalability: CHBMLIs are inherently modular, enabling easy
scalability to meet specific voltage and power requirements. This adaptability
is a significant advantage in applications such as grid-connected systems and
renewable energy integration.
High-Quality Output: CHBMLIs deliver high-quality output waveforms with
reduced harmonics and electromagnetic interference. This makes them
valuable in applications where power quality is crucial, such as motor drives
and grid-tied systems. Reduced Switching Stress: The distribution of voltage
and current stress across multiple power semiconductor switches enhances
the reliability and longevity of these components, reducing maintenance and
replacement costs.
Advanced Control Techniques: CHBMLIs can be controlled using advanced
modulation techniques, ensuring precise control of the switching patterns15
and, consequently, the output voltage. This control flexibility is essential for
achieving optimal performance.Applications in Renewable Energy: CHBMLIs play a
pivotal role inrenewable energy systems, particularly in converting DC power from sources
like solar panels and wind turbines into grid-compatible AC power. Their
efficiency and ability to manage fluctuations in renewable sources are highly
advantageous. HVDC Transmission: In high-voltage direct current (HVDC)
transmission systems, CHBMLIs improve the efficiency and reliability of
long-distance power transmission. They help reduce losses and harmonic
distortion.Efficiency and Heat Management: Research and development efforts
continue to focus on improving the efficiency of CHBMLIs and enhancing
thermal management solutions. This is critical for the long-term
performance of these inverters. Integration with Smart Grids: CHBMLIs are well-suited for
integration into smart grids, contributing to grid stability, power quality, and enhanced grid

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management. In summary, the Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter is a
robust and adaptable technology that has found applications in various
domains, from renewable energy to electric vehicles and industrial drives. Its
ability to provide high-quality power output, scalability, and reliability
positions it as a key player in the transition to cleaner and more efficient
energy systems. Future developments in this technology are expected to
further enhance its performance and broaden its applications.

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Reference:-
[1] . Shuvo, E. Hossain, T. Islam, A. Akib, S. Padmanaban
and M. Z. R. Khan, "Design and Hardware Implementation
Considerations of Modified Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge
Inverter for Photovoltaic System," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp.
16504-16524, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2894757. C.
I. Odeh, A. Lewicki and M. Morawiec, "A Single-Carrier-Based
Pulse-Width Modulation Template for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel
Inverters," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 42182-42191, 2021, doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3065743.

[2] C. Dhanamjayulu, D. Prasad, S. Padmanaban, P. K.

Maroti, J. B. Holm-Nielsen and F. Blaabjerg, "Design and
Implementation of Seventeen Level Inverter With Reduced
Components," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 16746-16760, 2021,
doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3054001.

[3] G. Zhang and J. Yu, "Open-circuit fault diagnosis for cascaded

H-bridge multilevel inverter based on LS-PWM technique," in CPSS
Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 6, no. 3,
pp. 201-208, Sept. 2021, doi: 10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2021.00018.

[4] D. Kang, S. Badawi, Z. Ni, A. H. Abuelnaga, M. Narimani and

N. R. Zargari, "Review of Reduced Switch-Count Power Cells for
Regenerative Cascaded H-Bridge Motor Drives," in IEEE Access, vol.
10, pp. 82944-82963, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3196659.

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