Python R

Arithmatic Operators
Assignment : Defining a number a = 10 ; b = 25 a <- 10 ; b <- 25

Addition a+b a+b

Subtraction a-b a-b

Multiplication a*b a*b

Division a/b a/b
Power : ab a ** b a^b

Remainder a%b a %% b

Integer Division a // b a %/% b

Logical Operators
Short-Circuit logical AND a and b a && b

Short-Circuit logical OR a or b a||b

Element-wise logical AND a and b a&b

Element-wise logical OR a or b a|b

Logical NOT !a !a
Relational Operators
Equal a == b a == b

Less than a < b a < b

Greater than a > b a > b

Less than or equal a <= b a <= b

Greater than or equal a >= b a >= b

Not Equal a != b a != b

Root and Logarithm

Square root math.sqrt(a) sqrt(a)
Logarithm, base e math.log(a) log(a)
Logarithm, base 10 math.log10(a) log10(a)

Exponential function exp(a) exp(a)

Round off math.round(a) round(a)

Generate random numbers

Uniform Distribution random.uniform((10, )) runif(10)

Uniform numbers between a and b random.uniform(a,b,(10, )) runif(10, min = a, max = b)

Normal Distribution random.standard_normal((10, )) rnorm(10)

Vectors
Sequences
1,2,3,.....,10 range(1,11) seq(10) or 1:10
1,4,7,10 arange(1,11,3) seq(1,10,by = 3)
10,7,4,1 arange(10,0,-3) seq(from= 10, to= 1,by =-3)

Reverse a[: : -1] rev(a)

Concatenation
Concatenate two vectors concatenate((a, a)) c(a,a)

Add elements 1,2,3,4 concatenate((range(1,5), a), c(1:4 , a)

axis = 1)
Repeating
123,123 concatenate((a, a)) rep(a,times=2)
1 1 1, 2 2 2, 3 3 3 a.repeat(3) rep(a,each=3)

1,22,333 a.repeat(a) rep(a,a)

Maximium & Minimum
Pairwise max maximum(a,b) pmax(a,b)

max of all values in two vectors concatenate((a, b)) . max() max(a,b)

Vector Multiplication
Multiply two vectors a*a a*a

Vector dot product a . b dot( a , b )

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 Python R
Matrices
Defining a Matrix
Define a matrix a = array([[2,3] , [4,5]]) matrix(c(2,3,4,5) , dim=c(2,2))

rbind(c(2,3) ,c(4,5))
Concatenation (matrices) ; rbind and cbind
Bind rows concatenate((a,b) , axis = 0) rbind(a,b)

vstack((a,b))
Bind columns concatenate((a,b) , axis = 1) cbind(a,b)
hstack((a,b))
Array creation
0 filled array zeros((3,3)) matrix(0,3,3)

Any number filled array array([[9,9] , [9,9]]) matrix(9,3,3)

Identity Matrix identity(3) diag(1,3)

Indexing and accessing elements (Python: slicing)

Element , (row,col) a[1,2] a[2,3]

First row a[0, ] a[1, ]

First column a[: , 0] a[ ,1]

Remove one column a.take([0,2,3],axis = 1) a[ ,-2]
Clipping : replace element a[: , 0] = 99 a[ ,1] <- 99
Transpose and inverse
Transpose a.conj() . transpose() t(a)

Determinant linalg.det(a) det(a)

Inverse linalg.inv(a) solve(a)

Rank rank(a) rank(a)

Sum (Python : Numpy)
Sum of each column a.sum(axis=0) apply(a,2,sum)

Sum of each row a.sum(axis=1) apply(a,1,sum)

Sum of all elements a.sum() sum(a)

Cumulative sum (Columns) a.cumsum(axis=0) apply(a,2cumsum)

Sorting
Sort all elements flat a.ravel() .sort() t(sort(a))

Sort each column a.sort(axis=0) apply(a,2,sort)

Sort each row a.sort(axis=1) t(apply(a,2,sort))

Sort, return indices a.ravel() .argsort() order(a)

Maximun and Minimum
max in each column a.max(0) apply(a,2,max)

max in each row a.max(1) apply(a,1,max)

max in array a.max() max(a)

Matrix - and elementwise - multiplication

Elementwise multiplication a * b or multiply(a,b) a*b

Dot product matrixmultiply(a,b) a %*% b

Outer product outer(a,b) outer(a,b) or a %o% b

Cross product cross(a,b) crossprod(a,b)

Matrix Size : Dimensions

Matrix dimensions a.shape dim(a)

Number of columns a.shape[1] ncol(a)

Number of elements a.size prod(dim(a))

Number of dimensions a.ndim

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 Python R
Data Frames (Python : Pandas)
Creating a Dataframe
Dataframe DF = pd.DataFrame( a = c(10,5,2)
{‘a’: [10, 5, 2], b = c(20,5,30)
‘b’: [20, 5, 30]} DF = data.frame(a,b)
)

Import csv file as dataframe DF = pd.read_csv(“file.csv”) DF <- read.table(“file.csv”)

Accessing elements
Display first 5 rows df.head() head(df,5)
Select first column df[‘a’] df$a or df[1]

Common functions
Summary df.describe summary(df)
Check datatypes df.dtypes str(df)
Structure df.shape str(df)

Programming
Reading from a file f = load(“data.txt”) f <- read.table(“data.txt”)
Import library functions from pylab import * library(mtcars)
Comment # #
Print print a print(a)
Script file extension .py or .ipynb(Jupyter notebook) .R

Conditionals :
If -else statement if m > 0 : if (m > 0){
a = 100 a = 100
else : }
a=0 else {
a=0
}

Loops : for i in range(1,6) : for (i in 1:5){

For loop print(i) print(i)
print(i*5) print(i*5)
}

Functions
Function : Even or odd def even_odd(x): even_odd = function(x){
if x%2 == 0: if (x %% 2 == 0){
y = ‘Even’ y = “Even”
else : }
y = ‘Odd’ else{
return y y = “Odd”
}
return(y)
}

©SrihariPramod