The chart shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of

educational setting in the UK in 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Basic details:

• Graph type: Bar chart, static -> no changes.

Avoidable mistakes ->

• Time: in 2010 -> past tense.

• Unit of measurement: % -> number of people

• Keys/categories: nursery, primary, secondary, college, private training institute,

uni
INTRODUCTION

Writing Part 2 of the National English Competition (NEC) often contains a large
amount of data. This feature necessitates the assessment of how important a
piece of information is and the selection of what information should be included in
the description.

LEAD-IN ACTIVITY

Indicate pieces of information that you will:

a. Describe in detail in your description.

b. Briefly mention in your description.

c. Exclude from your description.

NOTES

Whether a piece of information is important or not depends on several factors.

Generally speaking, one datum can be considered significant if it:

● highlights the TOP / BOTTOM ranking of the subject. -> dynamic – static: the
most prominent gap
● clearly illustrates the TOPIC SENTENCE / MAIN IDEA of the paragraph.
Topic sentence – Supporting sentences
 ● signals the STARTING / ENDING POINT(S) of a subject that changes over
time. -> dynamic chart.

Chart analysis:

The chart shows the percentage of male and female teachers

-> gender distribution: >1/sex ratio

in six different types of educational setting

-> educational level - across various levels of educational institutions.

in the UK in 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Notable features:

● Highest/lowest ranking (gap): nursery: female > male (top)

● Comparisons between keys/categories:

Trends:
- Female > Male: Nursery > primary > secondary
>< Male > Female: Uni > private institute
Exception: college
 ● Preparation of vocab & grammar:
- Vocabulary:
- Ranking: Higher, lower (gap): (well) surpass, outstrip, fall short of, be
far from the … amount/level of …. Higher/lower -> monochromatic
<=1.
- The percentage of male and female teachers: the gender
distribution/ratio; the sex ratio.
- Educational setting: educational institutions/levels
- Nursery, primary, secondary: lower educational levels >< Uni, college:
higher educational levels
● Grammar: participle clause, relative clause, nominal clause, ...

Body paragraph 1:

Lower educational levels witnessed the clear/ complete dominance of women in their
teaching staff/, though with varying degrees -> topic sentence.

Second sentence: This is indicated by the significantly high figures of women when it
comes to all surveyed aspects. (optional) (2010).

Supporting sentences / details: data to support your argument / topic sentence.

=> To prove the argument put forward in the topic sentence, the writer should use ALL
pieces of data related to the dominance of women in the teaching staff.

-> contents: missing key feature.

Body paragraph 2 link bd1:

With regards to higher educational levels and private training institutions, the gender
pattern was (totally) reversed. -> advanced writer.

If you see values which are similar / close to each other, you can choose one of
the following THREE ways to GROUP information:

- set the highest limit (all figures are BELOW this limit)
- set the lowest limit (all figures are ABOVE this limit)
- set a range for the data (all figures fall WITHIN this range) (table)
The graph show data for annual sales revenue or turnover for three outdoor
clothing companies from 2004 to 2014.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Aspect 1: Bradley Outdoor Wear’s sales figures:

This company suffered a period of significant loss of revenue over the years.
Starting at two million dollars in 2004, Bradley Outdoor Wear’s turnover stabilized at
this rate until 2000, followed by a dramatic downturn, hitting a trough at $0.6 million by
the end of the surveyed time frame.

Aspect 2: Hiking Kit:

registered a sharp rise during the same period. Ranking third from the outset, this
company’s sales figure inched its way to eclipse Ski and Snow Wear at the top
position with recorded/ reported/ registered data of $3.4 million, a rise of $2 million
generated.

Aspect 3: Ski and Snow Wear

In the meantime, the corresponding figure for Ski and Snow Wear was comparatively
stable. This factory’s turnover, despite a peak of $3.5 million in 2006, stabilized at a
rate of approximately $3 million over the course of ten years

PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Read the following extract from a chart description report. Explain why
some data are included in the description while others are left out.

The table shows data about the average length of time (in minutes) that people of
different ages spend in a consultation with family doctors in a number of countries.
Write a report summarising the information. Select and describe the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

First body paragraph:

We can see that the most common trend is for the time to increase consistently with
age. For example, the figure in France more than doubles from 16 to 38 minutes
between the youngest and oldest people. Likewise, the USA figure rises from 13 to 31,
the UK from 9 to 21, and Italy from 17 to 29. These are all substantial increases. Chile
has a consistent but much slighter climb, from 32 to 39 minutes.

Explanation:

The topic sentence draws readers' attention to the main group trend (time increases
consistently with age). As stated in this topic sentence, a substantial increase in the
time spent from the youngest to the oldest age groups can be seen.
The 4 selected figures are included to demonstrate this group (France, USA, UK, Italy.):
CLARIFY significant increases, making the trend more apparent and noteworthy as
mentioned in the topic sentence.

Data that do not follow the general trend as clearly or that do not show substantial
changes might be left out to maintain focus on the primary observation and avoid
overcomplicating the explanation. This approach helps to keep the description clear
and concise, ensuring that the main trend is communicated effectively.

MARKING CRITERIA

CONTENTS (1.0)

The report should:

● introduce the graph and state its striking features (main feature) -> heavily
penalized
● summarise the main features with relevant data from the table.

● make relevant comparisons.

LANGUAGE USE (0.5)

The report should:

● demonstrate a wide variety of vocabulary and grammatical structures

● have correct use of words and mechanics.

● maintain coherence, cohesion, and unity throughout.

CONTENTS:

Inappropriate graph organization:

Ex 1: The bar chart illustrates the distribution of male and female teachers across six
different educational sectors in the UK during 2010.

Overall, the proportion of female teachers is significantly higher than male teachers,
except at the university level.

At the nursery/pre-school level, female teachers make up around 95% of the

workforce, while males account for only around 5%. A similar trend is observed at the
primary school level, where the ratio of female to male teachers is approximately 80%
to 20%.

The gender gap narrows somewhat at the secondary school level, with female
comprising around 60% and males 40% of the teaching staff.

However, the situation is reversed at the university level, where male teachers
outnumbered females, accounting for around 60% of the teaching population,
compared to 40% for women.

In the other educational settings, such as colleges and private training institutes, the
gender distribution is more balanced, with roughly equal proportions of male and
female teachers.

In conclusion, the chart highlights a notable disparity in the gender distribution of

teachers across different educational sectors in the UK. While women are predominant
in early childhood education, men gradually gain a larger presence as the level of
education progresses, with the most significant representation observed in university
settings.

7 đoạn:

Intro, Overview, Bd1, Bd2, bd3 (optional),

Ex 2: According to the details, it is clear that female instructors make up more than 90%
in two levels of early education whereas male instructors make up less than 20% or
even 10%. In secondary school, the ratio of male instructors have shifted and make up
more than 40% though female instructors still make up more than 50% of the total
workforce - this ratio of male and female instructors is being changed. (bd1 – bd2)
In the case of private training institute and university, male instructors predominated
over 50% whereas female instructors make up less than 40% in specialized education.
By contrast, the ratio of male and female instructors is equal in college.

Inappropriate organisation of information

Ex 1: Overall, while most female lecturers were seen in lower grades, male teachers
tended to appeared in abundance among tertiary and private training institutions.

Digging deeper into the details, the percentages of women teachers employed in
nurseries are significantly higher than their counterparts, at 95% compared to 5%. The
same trend applies with primary schools, as women dominated over men in teaching at
90% compared to 10%. The gender Balance is seen more clearly in secondary schools
with female teachers accounting for 55% while the number of male teachers grow
marginally to 45%.

While the ratio of lecturers in both genders strikes equal in college, males seem to
be the dominant force in the tertiary level. -> bd2.

Ex 2: Overall, most of the time, female teachers outnumbered male counterparts in

lower educational levels, except for college, while the opposite was true for higher and
more academic educational levels.

except for vocational institutes -> private training institute -> institutions and
universities -> university. The more demanding the settings were for proficiency, the
fewer women were while men were on the opposite side. Missing

Regarding the female-dominated environment, especially in kindergartens and

elementary schools, the ratio of men to women was roughly 1 to 10. In high school
settings, this unparalleled proportion reduced significantly with male educators making
up around 40% while female counterparts took up more than 50%. College was where
the percentage of both genders was proportional, stayed exactly 50%. -> info

Missing key feature in the overview:

As an overall statement, it is clear that lower educational settings experienced

significant disparities in the genders of teachers compared to university while middle-
level educational -> no mention institutions were more equally distributed with the
proportion of male and female teachers.

The overview is missing 2 key features:

● Lower educational levels tended to be female-dominated, except for college.

● Male teachers had a more significant presence in higher and more academic
settings + private training institute.

Lack of relevant data to support your point(s)

 ● On the other hand, So that the higher the level of education, the lower the
number of female educators and vice versa for male teachers. the number of
male teachers have a larger quantity in the higher levels of educational setting,
especially in university, where they accounted for with 70 percent of the
teaching staff.

Private + college??????

Bd2 is missing info related to private training institute

● On the other hand, the higher the level of education it was, the fewer female
teachers it seemed to be. This was concluded -> evidenced by the fact that at
secondary, upper secondary school and private training institute, there were
nearly equal proportions of male and female teachers. (missing data for private
+ uni). Prominently, women were outnumbered by men at university, where the
figure of male teachers was approximately twice as much as that for female
educators.

Inaccuracy of data:

In Nursery/preschool and primary schools, there were approximately 98% and 96%
female educators which manifested their dominance in the early education level.

Personal opinion

The more demanding the settings were, the fewer women were employed.

The higher and more academic -> đúng

-> personal opinion/bias:

Overall, with the exception of college, female instructors predominated in pre-school,

primary school and secondary school while male instructors are -> were instrumental
in private training institutes and universities.

-> personal bias

LANGUAGE USE

Wordy + awkward expression(s):

As an overall statement -> overall, it is clear that lower educational settings

experienced significant disparities in the genders of teachers compared to university….
Digging deeper into the details -> the graph reveals that, the percentages of women
teachers employed in nurseries are significantly higher than their counterparts, at 95%
compared to 5%.

A quite similar picture -> Similarly, likewise,.. was evident in university where a third
of females were outstripped by 70 percent of male workers.

According to the details -> graph, there was a noticeable disproportion of men and
women working at nursery school, primary school, and university.

Identify wrong subject:

In contrast, the percentage of male teachers in private training institutes is more

dominant than female ones. Specifically, men accounted for approximately 60% while
women were about 20% less. (vague) In universities, the gap was even larger when
female counterparts witnessed a 10% reduction (compared to what?) and the
percentage of male instructors gained a 10% increase. (compared to what?)

However, there was a rise in the number/percentage/proportion male teachers in

senior -> higher educational settings.

Inappropriate word choice:

The bar chart below displays -> provides information about -> on the figures for men
and women teaching in six educational levels, in the UK, in 2010.

- "display" is nonsense as the chart is intended to compare something to reach a

conclusion. -> overview.

The chart appears -> compares the rate -> percentage % of male and female
instructors in six diverse sorts of educational setting within the UK in 2010.
Static/dynamic

A glance at the chart -> The provided/given graph reveals that with the exception of
universities -> university and private training facilities -> institute, women held a
greater proportion of teaching positions than men. -> women had a more
significance presence.

The provided graph compares the proportion of male and female facilitators ->
teachers/educational instructors in six categories of educational level in Britain in
2010.

Instructor/teacher.

it is evident that women accounted for 95% and 90% of the teaching positions -> staff
in nurseries and primary schools, respectively, while men made up only 5% and 10% of
these teaching -> positions -> staff.

…., primary school had around 10% of men and that of approximately 90% of women
hovered around 90% in the staffing system. -> vague in meaning,
-> teaching staff, total working force.

… there was a noticeable trend of increasing in the number of male teachers as the
educational setting became more senior. -> higher and more academic.

…. junior -> lower educational environments tended to be female-dominated.

In private training institute -> institutions the percentage of men teaching was
approximately 57%, whereas the percentage for women was 41%.

In Nursery/preschool and primary schools, there were approximately 98% and 96%
female educators which manifested -> proved their dominance in the early education
levels.

…. male instructors predominated over 50% whereas female instructors make up less
than 40% in specialized education. -> private training institute giáo dục đặc biệt
(khuyết tật, special needs)

Wrong tense:

According to the details, it is clear that female instructors make up more than 90% in
two levels of early education whereas male instructors make up less than 20% or even
10%. In secondary school, the ratio of male instructors have shifted and make up more
than 40% though female instructors still make up more than 50% of the total workforce
- this ratio of male and female instructors is being changed. -> quá khứ (2010)

Too broad meanings, plurality:

Overall, most of the time, female teachers outnumbered male counterparts except for
vocational institutes and universities.

Static + dynamic :

Overall, while the percentage of male teachers rises significantly from the lowest
educational setting to the highest one, the female educators tended to go down
gradually.

->

Gap between the number of men and women employed.