Scribd
Upload
2 views

02 Property of Transaction dbms

Dbms

Uploaded by

Shamita Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

02 Property of Transaction dbms

Dbms

Uploaded by

Shamita Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Transaction property

The transaction has the four properties. These are used to maintain consistency in a database,
before and after the transaction.

Property of Transaction
1. Atomicity

2. Consistency

3. Isolation

4. Durability

Atomicity : It implies that either all of the operations of the transaction


Atomicity should execute or none of them should occur.

It states that all operations of the transaction take place at once if not, the transaction is
aborted.

There is no midway, i.e., the transaction cannot occur partially. Each transaction is treated as
one unit and either run to completion or is not executed at all.
Atomicity involves the following two operations:

Abort: If a transaction aborts then all the changes made are not visible.

Commit: If a transaction commits then all the changes made are visible.

Example: Let's assume that following transaction T consisting of T1 and T2. A consists of Rs 600
and B consists of Rs 300. Transfer Rs 100 from account A to account B.

T1 T2

Read(A) Read(B)
A:= A-100 Y:= Y+100
Write(A) Write(B)

After completion of the transaction, A consists of Rs 500 and B consists of Rs 400.

If the transaction T fails after the completion of transaction T1 but before completion of transaction
T2, then the amount will be deducted from A but not added to B. This shows the inconsistent
database state. In order to ensure correctness of database state, the transaction must be executed
in entirety.

Consistency Consistency : The state of database before the execution of transaction


and after the execution of transaction should be same.

The integrity constraints are maintained so that the database is consistent before and after
the transaction.

The execution of a transaction will leave a database in either its prior stable state or a new
stable state.

The consistent property of database states that every transaction sees a consistent database
instance.
The transaction is used to transform the database from one consistent state to another
consistent state.

For example: The total amount must be maintained before or after the transaction.

Total before T occurs = 600+300=900


Total after T occurs= 500+400=900

Therefore, the database is consistent. In the case when T1 is completed but T2 fails, then
inconsistency will occur.

Isolation Isolation : A transaction must not affect other transactions


that are running parallel to it.

It shows that the data which is used at the time of execution of a transaction cannot be used
by the second transaction until the first one is completed.

In isolation, if the transaction T1 is being executed and using the data item X, then that data
item can't be accessed by any other transaction T2 until the transaction T1 ends.

The concurrency control subsystem of the DBMS enforced the isolation property.

Durability Durability : Once a transaction is completed successfully. The changes


made by transaction persist in database.
The durability property is used to indicate the performance of the database's consistent
state. It states that the transaction made the permanent changes.

They cannot be lost by the erroneous operation of a faulty transaction or by the system
failure. When a transaction is completed, then the database reaches a state known as the
consistent state. That consistent state cannot be lost, even in the event of a system's failure.

The recovery subsystem of the DBMS has the responsibility of Durability property.

Example : A system gets crashed after completion of all the operations. If the system
restarts it should preserve the stable state. An amount in A and B account should be the
same before and after the system gets a restart.

You might also like