1. #include <stdio.

h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_DAYS 30

// Structure to store weather data

typedef struct {
char date[15]; // Date in string format (e.g., "2025-03-20")
float temperature; // Temperature in Celsius
float humidity; // Humidity percentage
float windSpeed; // Wind speed in m/s
} Weather;

// Function prototypes
void inputWeatherData(Weather data[], int *n);
void findTemperatureStats(Weather data[], int n);
void calculateAverageWeather(Weather data[], int n);
void displayWeatherReport(Weather data[], int n);
void searchWeatherByDate(Weather data[], int n);

int main() {
Weather data[MAX_DAYS];
int n, choice;

do {
printf("\n--- Weather Data Management ---\n");
printf("1. Input Weather Data\n");
printf("2. Find Hottest and Coldest Days\n");
printf("3. Calculate Average Weather Data\n");
printf("4. Display Weather Report\n");
printf("5. Search Weather by Date\n");
printf("6. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
getchar(); // Consume newline left in buffer

switch (choice) {
case 1:
inputWeatherData(data, &n);
break;
case 2:
findTemperatureStats(data, n);
break;
case 3:
calculateAverageWeather(data, n);
break;
case 4:
displayWeatherReport(data, n);
break;
case 5:
 searchWeatherByDate(data, n);
break;
case 6:
printf("Exiting program...\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice! Try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 6);

return 0;
}

// Function to input weather data

void inputWeatherData(Weather data[], int *n) {
printf("Enter the number of days (5-30): ");
scanf("%d", n);
getchar(); // Consume newline

if (*n < 5 || *n > 30) {

printf("Invalid input! Number of days must be between 5 and 30.\n");
return;
}

for (int i = 0; i < *n; i++) {

printf("\nEnter details for day %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("Date (YYYY-MM-DD): ");
fgets(data[i].date, 15, stdin);
data[i].date[strcspn(data[i].date, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline

printf("Temperature (°C): ");

scanf("%f", &data[i].temperature);

printf("Humidity (%%): ");

scanf("%f", &data[i].humidity);

printf("Wind Speed (m/s): ");

scanf("%f", &data[i].windSpeed);
getchar(); // Consume newline
}
printf("Weather data recorded successfully!\n");
}

// Function to find the hottest and coldest days

void findTemperatureStats(Weather data[], int n) {
if (n == 0) {
printf("No data available!\n");
return;
}
 int hotIndex = 0, coldIndex = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (data[i].temperature > data[hotIndex].temperature) {
hotIndex = i;
}
if (data[i].temperature < data[coldIndex].temperature) {
coldIndex = i;
}
}

printf("\nHottest Day: %s (%.2f°C)\n", data[hotIndex].date, data[hotIndex].temperature);

printf("Coldest Day: %s (%.2f°C)\n", data[coldIndex].date, data[coldIndex].temperature);
}

// Function to calculate average weather parameters

void calculateAverageWeather(Weather data[], int n) {
if (n == 0) {
printf("No data available!\n");
return;
}

float totalTemp = 0, totalHumidity = 0, totalWindSpeed = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
totalTemp += data[i].temperature;
totalHumidity += data[i].humidity;
totalWindSpeed += data[i].windSpeed;
}

printf("\nAverage Weather Data:\n");

printf("Temperature: %.2f°C\n", totalTemp / n);
printf("Humidity: %.2f%%\n", totalHumidity / n);
printf("Wind Speed: %.2f m/s\n", totalWindSpeed / n);
}

// Function to display all recorded weather data

void displayWeatherReport(Weather data[], int n) {
if (n == 0) {
printf("No data available!\n");
return;
}

printf("\nWeather Report:\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| %-12s | %-10s | %-10s | %-10s |\n", "Date", "Temp (°C)", "Humidity", "Wind
(m/s)");
printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("| %-12s | %-10.2f | %-10.2f | %-10.2f |\n",
data[i].date, data[i].temperature, data[i].humidity, data[i].windSpeed);
 }

printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");
}

// Function to search for weather data by date

void searchWeatherByDate(Weather data[], int n) {
if (n == 0) {
printf("No data available!\n");
return;
}

char searchDate[15];
printf("Enter the date (YYYY-MM-DD) to search: ");
fgets(searchDate, 15, stdin);
searchDate[strcspn(searchDate, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (strcmp(data[i].date, searchDate) == 0) {
printf("\nWeather on %s:\n", data[i].date);
printf("Temperature: %.2f°C\n", data[i].temperature);
printf("Humidity: %.2f%%\n", data[i].humidity);
printf("Wind Speed: %.2f m/s\n", data[i].windSpeed);
return;
}
}
printf("No weather data found for %s.\n", searchDate);
}

2. With Vector
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class ParkingLot {
private:
int lotID;
int totalVehicles;
double totalRevenue;
static int totalVehicleCount; // Static variable to track vehicles across all parking lots

public:
// Constructor to initialize values using "this" pointer
ParkingLot(int id) {
this->lotID = id;
this->totalVehicles = 0;
this->totalRevenue = 0.0;
}

// Inline function to add a paying vehicle (₹50 charge)

 inline void addPayingVehicle() {
totalVehicles++;
totalRevenue += 50;
totalVehicleCount++;
}

// Inline function to add a non-paying vehicle

inline void addNonPayingVehicle() {
totalVehicles++;
totalVehicleCount++;
}

// Function to display details of an individual parking lot

void displayDetails() const {
cout << "Parking Lot ID: " << lotID
<< "\nTotal Vehicles: " << totalVehicles
<< "\nTotal Revenue: ₹" << totalRevenue << "\n------------------\n";
}

// Static function to display the total vehicle count across all lots
static void displayTotalVehicleCount() {
cout << "Total Vehicles Across All Parking Lots: " << totalVehicleCount << endl;
}

// Destructor to adjust total vehicle count when an object is deleted

~ParkingLot() {
totalVehicleCount -= totalVehicles;
}
};

// Initialize the static variable

int ParkingLot::totalVehicleCount = 0;

int main() {
vector<ParkingLot> parkingLots;

// Creating multiple parking lots

parkingLots.push_back(ParkingLot(101));
parkingLots.push_back(ParkingLot(102));
parkingLots.push_back(ParkingLot(103));

// Simulating vehicle entries

parkingLots[0].addPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[0].addNonPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[1].addPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[2].addNonPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[2].addPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[2].addPayingVehicle();

// Display details of individual parking lots

 for (const auto &lot : parkingLots) {
lot.displayDetails();
}

// Display total vehicle count across all lots

ParkingLot::displayTotalVehicleCount();

return 0;
}

Without Vector

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class ParkingLot {
private:
int lotID;
int totalVehicles;
double totalRevenue;
static int totalVehicleCount; // Static variable to track vehicles across all parking lots

public:
// Constructor to initialize values using "this" pointer
ParkingLot(int id) {
this->lotID = id;
this->totalVehicles = 0;
this->totalRevenue = 0.0;
}

// Inline function to add a paying vehicle (₹50 charge)

inline void addPayingVehicle() {
totalVehicles++;
totalRevenue += 50;
totalVehicleCount++;
}

// Inline function to add a non-paying vehicle

inline void addNonPayingVehicle() {
totalVehicles++;
totalVehicleCount++;
}

// Function to display details of an individual parking lot

void displayDetails() const {
cout << "Parking Lot ID: " << lotID
<< "\nTotal Vehicles: " << totalVehicles
<< "\nTotal Revenue: ₹" << totalRevenue << "\n------------------\n";
}
 // Static function to display the total vehicle count across all lots
static void displayTotalVehicleCount() {
cout << "Total Vehicles Across All Parking Lots: " << totalVehicleCount << endl;
}

// Destructor to adjust total vehicle count when an object is deleted

~ParkingLot() {
totalVehicleCount -= totalVehicles;
}
};

// Initialize the static variable

int ParkingLot::totalVehicleCount = 0;

int main() {
const int numLots = 3; // Fixed number of parking lots
ParkingLot parkingLots[numLots] = {ParkingLot(101), ParkingLot(102),
ParkingLot(103)};

// Simulating vehicle entries

parkingLots[0].addPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[0].addNonPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[1].addPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[2].addNonPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[2].addPayingVehicle();
parkingLots[2].addPayingVehicle();

// Display details of individual parking lots

for (int i = 0; i < numLots; i++) {
parkingLots[i].displayDetails();
}

// Display total vehicle count across all lots

ParkingLot::displayTotalVehicleCount();

return 0;
}

3. Key
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Book {
private:
int bookID;
string title;
string author;
string genre;
 bool isAvailable;
int noOfCopies;

public:
// Constructor to initialize book details
Book(int id, string t, string a, string g, int copies) {
bookID = id;
title = t;
author = a;
genre = g;
noOfCopies = copies;
isAvailable = (copies > 0);
}

// Function to display book details

void displayBook() const {
cout << "Book ID: " << bookID << endl;
cout << "Title: " << title << endl;
cout << "Author: " << author << endl;
cout << "Genre: " << genre << endl;
cout << "Availability: " << (isAvailable ? "Available" : "Not Available") << endl;
cout << "Total Copies: " << noOfCopies << endl;
cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
}

// Friend function to borrow a book

friend void borrowBook(Book books[], int n, int bookID);

// Friend function to display total books available

friend void totalBooks(Book books[], int n);
};

// Function to borrow a book

void borrowBook(Book books[], int n, int bookID) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (books[i].bookID == bookID) {
if (books[i].isAvailable && books[i].noOfCopies > 0) {
books[i].noOfCopies--;
if (books[i].noOfCopies == 0) {
books[i].isAvailable = false;
}
cout << "Book \"" << books[i].title << "\" has been borrowed successfully!\n";
} else {
cout << "Sorry, this book is not available right now.\n";
}
return;
}
}
cout << "Book ID not found!\n";
}
// Function to display the total number of available books
void totalBooks(Book books[], int n) {
int availableCount = 0, borrowedCount = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

availableCount += books[i].noOfCopies;
borrowedCount += (books[i].isAvailable ? 0 : 1);
}

cout << "\nTotal books available in library: " << availableCount << endl;
cout << "Total books borrowed: " << borrowedCount << endl;
}

int main() {
// Creating an array of books
int n = 3; // Number of books
Book books[] = {
Book(101, "Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling", "Fantasy", 5),
Book(102, "The Hobbit", "J.R.R. Tolkien", "Adventure", 3),
Book(103, "A Brief History of Time", "Stephen Hawking", "Science", 2)
};

cout << "Library Book Details:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
books[i].displayBook();
}

// Borrowing a book
int bookID;
cout << "Enter the Book ID to borrow: ";
cin >> bookID;
borrowBook(books, n, bookID);

// Display updated book details

cout << "\nUpdated Library Book Details:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
books[i].displayBook();
}

// Display total books available

totalBooks(books, n);

return 0;
}

4. #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
// Base class to store device usage details
class DeviceUsage {
protected:
int deviceID;
float usageHours;
public:
DeviceUsage(int id = 0, float hours = 0) : deviceID(id), usageHours(hours) {}
void setUsage(int id, float hours) {
deviceID = id;
usageHours = hours;
}
float getUsage() const { return usageHours; }
};

// Base class to store rate details

class Rate {
protected:
float ratePerHour;
float powerConsumption; // in watts
public:
Rate(float rate = 0, float power = 0) : ratePerHour(rate), powerConsumption(power) {}
void setRate(float rate, float power) {
ratePerHour = rate;
powerConsumption = power;
}
float getRate() const { return ratePerHour; }
};

// Base class to store device type details

class DeviceType {
protected:
string type;
bool voiceControlEnabled;
public:
DeviceType(string t = "Unknown", bool voice = false) : type(t),
voiceControlEnabled(voice) {}
void setType(string t, bool voice) {
type = t;
voiceControlEnabled = voice;
}
string getType() const { return type; }
};

// Derived class using multiple inheritance

class SmartHomeSystem : public DeviceUsage, public Rate, public DeviceType {
public:
SmartHomeSystem(int id, float hours, float rate, float power, string t, bool voice) {
setUsage(id, hours);
setRate(rate, power);
 setType(t, voice);
}

float calculateCost() const {

return usageHours * ratePerHour;
}

void display() const {

cout << "Device ID: " << deviceID
<< "\nType: " << type
<< "\nUsage Hours: " << usageHours
<< "\nRate Per Hour: " << ratePerHour
<< "\nVoice Control: " << (voiceControlEnabled ? "Yes" : "No")
<< "\nTotal Cost: $" << fixed << setprecision(2) << calculateCost()
<< "\n----------------------\n";
}
};

int main() {
vector<SmartHomeSystem> devices;

// Sample devices
devices.push_back(SmartHomeSystem(1, 5, 0.10, 60, "Lamp", false));
devices.push_back(SmartHomeSystem(2, 3, 0.20, 1500, "Air Conditioner", true));
devices.push_back(SmartHomeSystem(3, 7, 0.15, 100, "Fan", false));

float totalCost = 0;

cout << "Smart Home Device Report\n";

cout << "========================\n";

for (const auto &device : devices) {

device.display();
totalCost += device.calculateCost();
}

cout << "Total Electricity Cost: $" << fixed << setprecision(2) << totalCost << endl;

return 0;
}