Koby Alejandro Perez

Homework 19
You have been requested to evaluate the validity of a convection test rig operating in the
Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of New Mexico. You will do this by
comparing the experimental measurements obtained against state-of-the-art literature convection
heat transfer models.

Figure 1 (left) shows the fluid line with a stainless-steel tube attached as a test section to be
heated and shown in the yellow region. In an expanded view of Figure 1 (left), Figure 1 (right)
illustrates the fluid line and a more elaborate view of the instrumentation. The entire open-loop
system is elevated at certain height, so that it provides sufficient space to adjust the heat source,
Bunsen burner, proximity to the test section. The fluid that was chosen for the experiment is
water. More details will be provided during the facility tour.

Figure 1: left) Forced convection experimental and right) expanded view of the test section.

Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of the test section. Three physical quantities need to be
known to define the heat transfer characteristics of the flow: the temperatures, the mass flow and
the pressures. Temperature is measured at five locations. Two thermocouples measured the fluid
temperature differential, 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 . The remaining three measured at the outer surface wall of
the tube at 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,1 , 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,2 , and 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,3 . The mass flow rate, 𝑚𝑚̇ , was measured via a Coriolis
flowmeter which was placed upstream the test section. Finally, the pressure differential, 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 −
𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 , across the test section was measured with two pressure sensors, one upstream, 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 , and
one downstream, 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 .

The test section that is evaluated is a stainless steel 304 with thermal conductivity 𝑘𝑘𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠 = 15.5
W/m-K. The internal or hydraulic diameter is 3.048 mm. The outside diameter is 6.35 mm (1/4
inch). For the validation study, you are going to neglect the thermally developing region and you
will focus only of the thermally developed region which is the dark grey shaded area. As
illustrated in Figure 2, the distance between 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,1 and 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,2 , indicated as 𝐿𝐿1 =0.025 m. The
distance between 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,2 and 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜,3 , indicated as 𝐿𝐿2 =0.035 m.
 Figure 2: Schematic illustration of forced convection test rig. The flow enters from left to right and its bulk
properties are measured at the two tee connectors. The wall temperatures are measured in the fully
developed (shaded) region.

a.) Import the data file which includes the conditions for each mass flow rate case. Evaluate the
thermophysical properties, i.e., specific heat capacity, density, dynamic viscosity and thermal
conductivity, using the mean conditions of the inlet and outlet condition for each mass flow
case. The liquid water is incompressible, so the thermophysical properties are not affected by
the pressure. The thermocouple, pressure and mass flow rate data are saved into the data file
in Celsius, kPa and kg/s, respectively.
b.) Derive an energy balance of the flow, and solve for the average heat transfer coefficient, ℎ�, as
𝐿𝐿
function of the ∫0 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤,𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 term.
c.) The term above includes inner surface temperature; however, only outer surface
𝐿𝐿
thermocouple data were measured. Develop an expression that solves ∫0 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤,𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 term that
utilizes the outer wall surface temperatures, the cylindrical thermal resistance of the wall and
the total heat transfer rate, 𝑞𝑞̇� .
d.) Determine the experimental heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers of the
experiment for each mass flow rate condition.
e.) Determine the theoretical Nusselt number using the Dittus-Boelter correlation for internal
flow using the Eq. (8.60) found in Incopera p. 514 (provided into the Canvas module) for
12,000<Re<24,000.
f.) Plot the Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds number for both the theoretical model
(solid line) and the experimental data (scatter points) across all mass flow conditions. Report
the maximum percentage difference between the model and the experimental results. Would
you consider the sensor and instrumentation be sufficient to support further research
investigations?
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full table of solution heat talk of lattulations on

excel

C
d
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kept track of on excel

4
trem here
the Max
differente
is now
4,2940

Les I would tensile is sufficient but would recauire

things like better
i sulation direst
inner wall temp
sensing etc in order to died fish
reatersh actuary
results