ll B.Dasarath ONT 4 - TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY “Cromsnission Line + A Transiission Line is & conductive metted oh guiding ceckrical energy Grom on plore: +O another: TWRSS BH “Tronamission Lees | CY) Parallel wire “type : * Porailel covduckors, oan to ate 4 Electric energy propagating though these lies set op electric Yalds between Une conductors * Ex. “Telephore Lines Electrical Power —iransimission Lines, di) Cenxtal Type + % One conductor ia a bellow tube, the other conductor Te placed Ineide and ts cooxial 40 tte bebe: *% A chiA oe Qgasemus dielecttic Le vod. * Ex: Televisten Gable , Cospouter Networks - Gi) Wavegpides + A seitable shaped fellow conductor roy be glhed sith & dicteckrte mattered : % Used to gide EM waves of LE propagation % Ext Radar Systens, Microwave Bvens ,GY) Opktcsl File + DASARATH 4% TRiy Shronds Q Highly tronsparent meteriols % Operating Eriteie + “TKEtal Toternll Begiection % EK! Broodhand conrections, senses Ac, Petwaty Constants ok Transtetsston Lives : |G) Reststance ®): |e mepresents He oppesttian og, glow of coment Is AYE conductor where RT TS Resttarre per ont length L > Length o& te arargmission (Ihe se Measured in ohms (2) /ky | ai) Aydeckome CL) * | de ARSRS due Ae Tagnetic Ral qroont: the: CereivatOr | when corres QOHs ther) | ew te | R where LY —> Arductence gar unit Length LS length sh the tronswi&sion Vine % Measured in erty US) Ken) aly Coporttance (9): ye Mises due te electric Gad between the conductors / skating energy in “the slecktic HIS i c= hiwwbare 61) 3 Copmettes one length ince ae DASARATH | A AS lengin a Ate trons mission Nine Megsered yy Farads CE) /km Gv) Conductance (&) | % Reprerants the laskage curcene trrough +Hhe losiohinfy | | Totertal bekween Ake condectors | * Oppesile 4p Resistance | ae = wu Where 5 Conchuctance fer Unik lerasth Ls length Abe -kransmiesion line ae Measured Ww mh CA!) / tn Secondary corkeants «Qo Treverission Lines + Q) Propagation censkante yy) % Represents he rote ak ANY a anal atlenvates &) and phase skigts CB) SS WK Arevels doy Are | tragsmission line « = &+ | x bi | where «=> Atkenvation Constant B D> Phase SAYE constantB DASARATH GW) Choractericte Tpedance C75) | aa PE PREsEN's Ane lenpeclarce: og APE Lrarsrelsster, line ak any point , when ik ic Anginitely long a (as jsv) (Gia jor) Aso, -Ne Zo = VE Zor = Xe’ - aDASARATH Wardiength + Re diskance cver which a wave Lroutis atsag a \we while the phase changas “Hrough sty rations Xe called Wavelength « 4 2 Carne Propogetion Velocity ! sre velsctty af Waly G WOVE propagates Is dadines os Distance “Wovelled —tiene Torker vert. S& . SwissWhy We parameters are called Atsteibuted SleMDASARATH Aidatuted over ARO Um paraweters & LE, OS Wernce thy AE URE Lorgth WHE Kopmession Line ate NEA Ateve sey are alie Krenn called Aigtdiboted ctemadt s » SS pANMATY constant Propagat Constant | re Xs doganed os “he ratoral loganitinm sy the rakkto Of sending fend current or Vvettage to We rehab, wee eee, SU ESS? Resistance Cc >) cepacitance LS rduckare & > conductance Poraweters Sh aistortten + lese Une > Q) Atkenvatien constant = LRG GQ) Prose Corctante p= olive cil) propagation velocity oy = QY charactertstte empedisnceDASARATH Trowbacks oe “Telephone Cables + | x Adenoadtens AS Signals covet alerg “Ate Roe, Khey | eyparionce ailewatian which Moy lead to coducad | qpaiity and retiatsittyy o% aranamitved Sayed | * Radecrion 4 Frypedaste wiswaickes OF Arocarhinuihes | In AWE Woe, Proy SUSE celfeckions aries ead. to reduced qpaltly - |g Diskerkion: “the WHYTE Cael gant Ar hove tor, Eapeng, comporents end they wil Hove AiQQorenk tromerniscion, Listes, HE MOY CONST presiems. wersle recereinecdirg “tre Signal ak “Ke cecever esd» x Noise ond “nverjerence : “The lines Moy prick UP unwonted notse ram Whe Sorroundtings wnintehs lead | ko poser aqpakity* | Cesk: Tachallation and. Malstenonce og “Celethere | post, undergrovia cables ete y- i 2 TTIW - ontTT 4 PARI SASAbalnl BASIC TRANSMISSION LINE EGUATIONS + ee eee raat is ah i Ye v Ivaav o/p f \ MO — << Q Sedes Trmpedance dve to *| = CRajet) d& sherk secon ase Shortt Admithame due be ~ = CRA pES) Bx she Sectton doe “Re voltage acmss PQ Is Biven by XT CRAYOL) dee " ¥- (rey) dv = CRayat) de " -SY = x CRA ty) > “the current acregs PG Ie Gwen by az-~Crray) = Vv Cass) ao ~at = VCHAYSS dee ~SEL vecanyes) > ® axDASARATH av i. eae eens eee ee sagen + © dx* me C Caagsy Gv) Cages) doc® 2 = Ve CRAYOL) Canages) Ax I a ee eS S® BE: EO wrt ~ 30" -S2 2 cas Y ~® aes doe sb- © »©© 7 = C&HGC) CE)CR ASL) er = = Crayon Certjee) ax® a STL ay) wee x ysumus doe Eopations Gand © ore standard Unear digecertigh SqQpatiens. tlerce their galution can be writes as ~y v= acta set >® ~ ~ r= ce 4 ve ®™ +s+®DASARATH iy _ Aye = aye doe wk aM — oz eS yy Jz = AdlyS ee aivore. YE 3c =e jes OES wet Sey fyi oe dow We = a we yee ~ ore Je = WE = “ee Sie ~— wee NY Re rs N = ca ~ Fe TRO _ eSTH AWE AISK. bry serding end ond receiving DASARATH is zee Che) x26, sete, v= Ve where TR > current tn “the recetiieg end Ya > voltage at tne receiving end. ms AIS -s8{ \ ‘R= A+B > @® @ . _ t Tra cto +>(e2 Re cf= »l% \ = a 1 ! aA = VA + tR = aA = Mt teZo A= ‘4 Zeze = = A = Wt ze Dep A = “e Cs)subtracting @ fem O DASARATH aa = Ye -tp® = - = 28 = eh IS SR = Va- tp ze 8 > we Ye zo 2 — = YA (\-Ze we Sez. Aaaing Gord ® oc = Rs Ve act Rt Ve JE a acs Sp 4+ Tp2p ee c= ZR + TeZe y 1 > = -a das ater BC SR Svubks 7 Fe ENS = Oe 2D = Tp ~Yp = > d= So ‘~ Ze)V " Srbsttute the valves i DASARATH HH A/B/C’ WMS) x SEG oe ee oe Zp > C =) A 4 e NY < $+ eS + Ye at Vers geo = 22k ve é >= ss aoe 4 Ve (& e = \, a Zs es S(t ae pCa Be (.- 2s ts e s = =< facts) om + Ep ote _ azn - te a aR = a ee aR xj te geshyse + ee Sy oc RR ceshee + VaZo sinhEeSeneral Sclution ag a “Toramtsston Une *e 5 asap ATH with ary lead Tmpedance ZR 5 =Cx) ee ee % ve <— _ From ie previous dedvokion 5 vene’ +5e°= > ® race +0P™ +e ~ av x = = Cryer ~@ DQ. OQ wets >! av wp ae PL pre? av doe " —P cae a) © wb © »*© — (-P) @e* ge™ = ECRAOU) e cae P* Be™) = ELRYL CRHFOY C&YSS) caer ae) =k CRyper) Cats Cae = se) =x CRA Jeb) + Ure * z. 5 = ee) ©)aolaile ‘ . DASARATH cdsh px - sinho ;°* =e px cash pr + sinhpx = © => © cop be wmilen ss viz A Cceshpe — sinh pe) + B (coshps: t sinhpac) = A coshpre — Asinhpe + Beeshps +8 Sohpe seshpe CATE) ~Sibbpx (4-8) 3 © > G®_ op be written as LaGeshpx- sina) = BCesshpx sanbps] Zo = a ie coshpx —Asinhpse ~ Scastpm — ase] Tee eh cosh A-B) — sinh ALB Leese Go re | 3® AL wezo, Tits, V=Vs SS v= ces bhp Ce) (448) —sinhpCs)Ca—8) s V me =. Oy CAN) Ve = AB > ® Som ek [ensbecs) CAHB) ~ Sinbpts) crs] ae a7 ol) Ce ® zo Svb- s® » © 2 SV = coshte¥s — Fsze Type ze th [ener Boze — sinh vs\SECONDARY CONSTANTS OF A TRANSMISSTON IDASARATH Propagation censtant , y = «+ je c= Tis) cayec) aR = (RAOOCENOS) Sqr On bath sides of RP ap = PR GORE OLE, HP LE ok + apes = R&S CRS ALE) - rc Eqpating real parts oR = PQ ~ SLC of = P +Ra-wle 3 © Eqycching iwoginary parts, ae = 8S Cam Bo 4G) Sq. ey bely Sdos, 2 . gape = BCR LAY D apo _ oP Se Cacaray™ 3 @ se OD WE (Pare -Sr9 e st crea vey = 7 a pt + Caq- Sr) PP ~ ss crea si 6 let pra = . 2 => cn HC RE-Tre) ve - = cCReaALay = &2 Trees ez ~ —- = : ~ — EF 4 J Cpa Bef aPC OCA DASARATH = ore [puns (ewe = “PLOT TCR HLS a » a x = PAR] -aF LC o — 3 ate, (Pte = RG) = Ieastigtatteatayt es HRAIELS a x = [CP te~ Rey +f (ng HEE SE ne he FRA LS a> Fer an Adal transmission Vine , kas, Q=o > “=0 eo Suc B = etre Velscity cQ. Propagation , v= Ae = avgrdA_ aw Tree B psa , Bw Sony ponte aw 2 ang ire » ¥ a. gm See x4 _LDSSTORTISN LESS TRANSMISSION LINE DASARATH Fer a Distertian less “th line, 1) atterwation constant shovld be Independen® ) Pease conslagt Shevtd Vnearly depend on Qrecponcy 3) “We ratte S&B shold be squad to S w) Velocity eh prepagstay shod be independent’ og Crear, | Propagation ceotanty y= SEY 2 wale J eeney Cae = ee Ga) (Gee) pod PENG = Je te (ses) >) " e do a = pre Ga) = RJic joe =a cs NE Attenwatton conta . = f= Prase cota, B= OVE Charaterigic Tngdare, Zo = Jose (Sayso)DASARATH . a > phase Velocity Y= = S 7? B ete oo Nive SHORT CIROOTTED AND OPEN GRRSOTTED LINES : The expressions Qer corpert and voltage at tte, sending EN QS Tonsmission ne Ts given as <= x. [sere mot = son tera aS = ty | cohen + Ze son fer a| “RE Anpol Impedance ts given by ss - Ve eos L 4 = SinhY& = = a ceshy h 4 =e sinlvy © > a [ipetee ee sone] . Se - Bas Senn (ee saa snyy x © we| coshy ht Ze Sng” BU Se age pert DASARATH Zz, = eo Ze cosh ch 4 Ze sinhy % eo TR shore Arcutted, sine receiving impecdarce a AS zon > Fee - ZB svay & = 2s = = — Ze coshy Ze = Ze Sanhyh TR spen circuited | cee. veceiving Ercl lmpadagse fs ingnity Zp = of S Soc= 2 * =] cosy d .z anrxt| v= = 2S ow er : ow 76 [ Bosred + sioner] ° — ~ ee Peete Sinhy & Zec= ze SHhYL Multiplying = -Zse & Zoe ? Zsc Zac = ze Kenhy\ coy & _ u 2eFec = Zo > Zz = Jz20 C characterise Zeapedonce)B BWMINQ ZO by Zee DASARATH Fsc _ Aanhyh Foc Cob hy & =< SS x kant hy eo re ss Yo = tantly Te)