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Pilot Relaying Schemes

Pilot relay scheme

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araj05193
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90 views2 pages

Pilot Relaying Schemes

Pilot relay scheme

Uploaded by

araj05193
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pilot Relaying Schemes: Wire Pilot Protection & Carrier Current Protection

Pilot relaying schemes are used for fast and selective protection of transmission lines. These
schemes use communication channels between both ends of a transmission line to detect
faults and operate the circuit breakers efficiently.

1. Wire Pilot Protection


Wire pilot protection uses physical wires (pilot wires) to connect relays at both ends of a
transmission line. These wires carry signals to compare current or voltage and determine if
a fault is internal (within the protected zone) or external.

1.1 Working Principle


- Uses two pilot wires to connect relays at both ends of a transmission line.
- Measures currents at both ends and compares them using differential protection logic.
- If the currents entering and leaving the line are unequal, the relay trips the circuit breaker.

1.2 Types of Wire Pilot Protection


✅ **Balanced Voltage Pilot Relaying** – Uses voltage comparison between both ends.
✅ **Balanced Current Pilot Relaying** – Compares current at both ends of the transmission
line.

1.3 Advantages & Disadvantages


✅ Simple and reliable.
✅ Fast operation.
✅ No need for additional communication channels.
❌ Limited to short-distance transmission lines (up to 30 km).
❌ Prone to pilot wire damage and interference.
❌ High cost for long-distance transmission.

2. Carrier Current Protection


Carrier current protection uses high-frequency communication signals over power lines to
exchange information between relays at both ends. This method is commonly used for long-
distance transmission lines where pilot wires are impractical.

2.1 Working Principle


- Uses high-frequency (50 kHz – 500 kHz) signals transmitted along the power line.
- Relays send coded signals via power line conductors.
- If a fault is detected, the relays compare the signals and decide whether to trip the circuit
breaker.

2.2 Types of Carrier Current Protection


✅ **Directional Comparison Carrier Blocking** – Prevents tripping for faults in the opposite
direction.
✅ **Directional Comparison Carrier Permissive** – Tripping allowed only if both relays agree
on a fault.

2.3 Advantages & Disadvantages


✅ Works for long transmission lines.
✅ No need for separate pilot wires.
✅ Highly secure and fast fault detection.
❌ Susceptible to noise and interference on power lines.
❌ More complex and expensive than wire pilot schemes.
❌ Requires specialized communication equipment.

3. Comparison of Wire Pilot and Carrier Current Protection


Feature Wire Pilot Protection Carrier Current Protection
Communication Medium Uses pilot wires Uses high-frequency signals
on power lines
Distance Covered Short (up to 30 km) Long (hundreds of km)
Fault Detection Speed Very fast Fast but depends on signal
transmission
Reliability High for short lines High for long lines but
affected by interference
Cost High for longer lines Lower for long distances
Suitability Best for short transmission Best for long-distance
lines transmission lines

4. Conclusion
Wire Pilot Protection is reliable and fast but limited to short distances, whereas Carrier
Current Protection is better for long-distance transmission. Modern systems use digital
relays and fiber-optic communication for enhanced protection and reliability.

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