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Bed (1.5) year Course Code EDU327

Islamic System of Education
Islamic System of Education.
The Islamic system of education has a rich history and is deeply rooted in the Islamic
faith. It is based on the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him), and emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge and understanding as a means
of getting closer to God.

Islamic education is not limited to religious studies, but also includes a wide range of
subjects, including science, mathematics, history, and literature. The goal of Islamic
education is to produce well-rounded individuals who are not only knowledgeable in
their fields of study, but also possess strong moral values and a deep sense of
spirituality.

The traditional Islamic education system begins with the memorization of the Quran,
which is considered to be the foundation of Islamic knowledge. Students then move on
to the study of Islamic law, theology, and philosophy, as well as the Arabic language,
which is the language of the Quran.

Islamic education is also characterized by a strong emphasis on the relationship

between teacher and student. Teachers are highly respected and are seen as mentors
and guides, rather than just instructors. Students are expected to show respect and
obedience to their teachers, and the relationship between the two is often lifelong.

Islamic education has undergone many changes over the centuries, and today there are
many Islamic schools and universities around the world that offer a wide range of
courses and programs. Some of these institutions are focused solely on Islamic studies,
while others offer a more secular education with an emphasis on Islamic values and
teachings.

Overall, the Islamic system of education is centered around the acquisition of

knowledge and understanding as a means of deepening one's faith and developing a
strong moral character. It is a holistic approach to education that seeks to create well-
rounded individuals who are not only knowledgeable in their fields of study, but also
possess a deep sense of spirituality and morality.

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Concept of Knowledge.
The concept of knowledge is a complex and multi-dimensional idea that has been
studied and debated by philosophers, scientists, and scholars for centuries. At its most
basic level, knowledge can be defined as the understanding, awareness, or familiarity
gained through experience, education, or research.

There are many different types of knowledge, including propositional knowledge

(knowledge that is expressed in statements or propositions), procedural knowledge
(knowledge of how to do something), and personal knowledge (knowledge gained
through personal experience). Knowledge can also be classified into explicit knowledge
(knowledge that can be easily articulated and transferred) and tacit knowledge
(knowledge that is difficult to articulate and transfer).

One of the key debates in the philosophy of knowledge is the distinction between
knowledge and belief. While beliefs are personal convictions or opinions, knowledge is
often seen as a more objective and justified form of belief. According to many
philosophers, knowledge requires both true belief and justification or evidence.

Another important concept in the philosophy of knowledge is the idea of epistemology,

which is the study of knowledge itself. Epistemologists study questions such as how
knowledge is acquired, how it can be justified or validated, and how it can be
communicated or shared.

In many cultures and traditions, knowledge is highly valued and respected. In Islamic
tradition, for example, knowledge is seen as an important means of getting closer to
God, and is therefore highly valued and sought after. Similarly, in many indigenous
cultures, knowledge is passed down through generations and is deeply tied to the
community and its history.

Overall, the concept of knowledge is a complex and multifaceted idea that has been
studied and debated by scholars and philosophers for centuries. It is a fundamental part
of human experience and is highly valued in many cultures and traditions around the
world.

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Islamic Concept of Knowledge.

In the Islamic tradition, knowledge is highly valued and is seen as a means of getting
closer to God. The Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, emphasizes the
importance of seeking knowledge and understanding as a means of deepening one's
faith and developing a strong moral character.

In Islam, there are two main sources of knowledge: the Quran and the Sunnah (the
sayings, actions, and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad). The Quran is considered to
be the word of God, and is seen as the ultimate source of knowledge and guidance. The
Sunnah, on the other hand, provides guidance on how to interpret and apply the
teachings of the Quran in daily life.

Islamic scholars have developed a rich tradition of knowledge and learning, which
includes fields such as theology, philosophy, law, and science. The pursuit of knowledge
is seen as a lifelong endeavor, and Islamic scholars have made significant contributions
to various fields of study throughout history.

One of the key principles of Islamic knowledge is that it is seen as a means of serving
others and benefiting society as a whole. Islamic scholars are expected to use their
knowledge to help others, and to work towards the betterment of society as a whole.
This is reflected in the many charitable and educational institutions that have been
established throughout the Islamic world, which provide education and assistance to
those in need.

Another important principle of Islamic knowledge is that it should be grounded in

humility and a deep sense of reverence for God. Islamic scholars are expected to
approach their studies with a sense of awe and respect for the vastness and complexity
of the universe, and to recognize the limitations of human knowledge.

Overall, the Islamic concept of knowledge emphasizes the importance of seeking

knowledge and understanding as a means of deepening one's faith and serving others.
It is a rich and multifaceted tradition that has made significant contributions to various
fields of study throughout history.

Classification of Knowledge.
Knowledge can be classified in various ways, depending on the criteria used for
classification. Here are some of the common classifications of knowledge:

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1. Explicit vs. Tacit Knowledge: Explicit knowledge is knowledge that can be easily
articulated and codified, such as facts, procedures, and rules. Tacit knowledge, on the
other hand, is knowledge that is difficult to articulate and transfer, such as intuition,
experience, and skills.
2. Declarative vs. Procedural Knowledge: Declarative knowledge is knowledge of facts,
concepts, and principles, while procedural knowledge is knowledge of how to do
something, such as skills and techniques.
3. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Knowledge: Descriptive knowledge is knowledge of how
things are, while prescriptive knowledge is knowledge of how things should be or how
to achieve a desired outcome.
4. Explicit vs. Implicit Knowledge: Explicit knowledge is knowledge that is consciously and
intentionally expressed, while implicit knowledge is knowledge that is unconsciously and
unintentionally acquired, such as social norms and cultural values.
5. General vs. Specialized Knowledge: General knowledge is knowledge that is broad and
encompasses a range of subjects, while specialized knowledge is knowledge that is
specific to a particular field or area of study.
6. Propositional vs. Non-propositional Knowledge: Propositional knowledge is knowledge
that can be expressed in a proposition or statement, while non-propositional knowledge
is knowledge that cannot be expressed in this way, such as sensory experiences and
emotions.
7. Priori vs. Posteriori Knowledge: A priori knowledge is knowledge that is independent of
experience, such as mathematical and logical truths, while a posteriori knowledge is
knowledge that is based on experience, such as empirical observations and scientific
discoveries.

These are some of the common classifications of knowledge, and each classification
scheme has its own advantages and limitations depending on the context and purpose
of the classification.

Salient Features of Islamic Concept of Knowledge.

The Islamic concept of knowledge is characterized by several salient features, including:

1. Integration of spiritual and secular knowledge: In Islamic tradition, there is no separation

between the sacred and the profane, and knowledge is seen as a means of getting
closer to God. Thus, Islamic knowledge integrates both spiritual and secular knowledge,
and seeks to address both the spiritual and material needs of human beings.
2. Emphasis on the Quran and Sunnah: The Quran and Sunnah are the primary sources of
knowledge in Islam, and are considered to be the ultimate authority on all matters of

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faith and practice. Islamic knowledge is therefore grounded in a deep understanding of

the Quran and Sunnah, and seeks to apply their teachings to contemporary issues and
challenges.
3. Importance of critical thinking and reflection: Islamic scholars are expected to engage in
critical thinking and reflection, and to constantly question and reassess their
understanding of Islamic knowledge. This is seen as a means of deepening one's faith
and developing a strong moral character.
4. Connection between knowledge and action: In Islamic tradition, knowledge is seen as a
means of serving others and benefiting society as a whole. Islamic scholars are therefore
expected to use their knowledge to help others, and to work towards the betterment of
society. Knowledge is not seen as an end in itself, but rather as a means of achieving
social justice and human welfare.
5. Recognition of the limitations of human knowledge: Islamic scholars recognize the
limitations of human knowledge, and approach their studies with a sense of humility
and reverence for God. Islamic knowledge is seen as a means of gaining a deeper
understanding of the universe and one's place in it, rather than as a means of attaining
absolute truth or certainty.

Overall, the Islamic concept of knowledge is characterized by a deep respect for the
Quran and Sunnah, a commitment to critical thinking and reflection, and a strong
emphasis on serving others and working towards the betterment of society.

Objectives of Education & Fundamental Objectives.

The objectives of education refer to the goals and purposes of the educational process.
These objectives can vary depending on the educational system, cultural values, and
social needs. However, some of the common objectives of education are:

1. Intellectual Development: One of the primary objectives of education is to develop

intellectual abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and analytical
skills.
2. Personal Development: Education aims to help individuals develop a strong sense of
self, build self-confidence, and promote personal growth and self-actualization.
3. Social Development: Education also aims to promote social skills, such as
communication, teamwork, and leadership, and to help individuals become responsible
and active citizens.
4. Moral Development: Education aims to foster ethical values, such as honesty, fairness,
compassion, and respect for others, and to help individuals develop a strong moral
character.

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5. Career Development: Education aims to prepare individuals for their chosen careers by
providing them with the necessary knowledge, skills, and competencies.
6. Cultural Development: Education aims to promote cultural awareness, understanding,
and appreciation, and to help individuals become culturally competent.

Fundamental objectives of education refer to the overarching goals that underlie

all educational efforts. These objectives are:

1. Preservation and transmission of cultural heritage: Education aims to preserve and

transmit cultural heritage, including language, history, traditions, and values, from one
generation to the next.
2. Social integration and cohesion: Education aims to promote social integration and
cohesion by fostering a sense of shared identity, values, and goals among individuals
from diverse backgrounds.
3. Personal development and self-actualization: Education aims to help individuals develop
their full potential, achieve personal growth, and become self-actualized.
4. Preparation for citizenship: Education aims to prepare individuals for responsible and
active citizenship, by promoting civic knowledge, skills, and values.
5. Economic development and progress: Education aims to contribute to economic
development and progress by providing individuals with the necessary knowledge, skills,
and competencies to compete in the global economy.

Overall, the fundamental objectives of education reflect the broad societal goals that
education is expected to serve, while the specific objectives of education reflect the
more specific goals of the educational process in different domains.

Derived Objectives.
Derived objectives of education are goals that are specific to a particular educational
system, institution, or program. These objectives are derived from the fundamental
objectives of education and are tailored to meet the unique needs and goals of the
educational system or program.

For example, some derived objectives of education may include:

1. Academic achievement: This objective focuses on students' academic performance and

their ability to meet the academic standards set by the institution or program.

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2. Career preparation: This objective aims to prepare students for their chosen careers by
providing them with the necessary knowledge, skills, and competencies required by the
industry or profession.
3. Personal development: This objective aims to promote students' personal growth, self-
awareness, and well-being by providing opportunities for personal reflection, self-
expression, and self-improvement.
4. Social responsibility: This objective aims to promote students' sense of social
responsibility and civic engagement by encouraging them to participate in community
service, social justice initiatives, and other activities that benefit society.
5. Cultural competence: This objective aims to promote students' understanding and
appreciation of different cultures and perspectives, and to prepare them to live and
work in a diverse and multicultural society.
6. Leadership development: This objective aims to develop students' leadership skills,
qualities, and abilities, and to prepare them to become effective leaders in their chosen
fields.

Overall, derived objectives of education reflect the specific goals and priorities of the
educational system, institution, or program, and are designed to help students achieve
the fundamental objectives of education in a particular context.

Objectives given by Muslim educationists.

Muslim educationists have emphasized the importance of education in Islam and have
articulated specific objectives of education that are grounded in Islamic principles and
values. Some of these objectives include:

1. Acquiring religious knowledge: Muslim educationists believe that the primary objective
of education in Islam is to acquire religious knowledge, which includes knowledge of the
Quran, Hadith, Fiqh, Tafsir, and other Islamic sciences. This knowledge provides the
foundation for living a righteous and fulfilling life in accordance with Islamic teachings.
2. Developing a strong Islamic identity: Muslim educationists emphasize the importance of
developing a strong Islamic identity, which includes a sense of belonging to the Muslim
community, a commitment to Islamic values and principles, and a deep understanding
of Islamic history and culture.
3. Promoting moral and ethical values: Muslim educationists believe that education should
promote moral and ethical values, such as honesty, fairness, compassion, and respect for
others, and help individuals develop a strong moral character.

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4. Fostering critical thinking and analytical skills: Muslim educationists emphasize the
importance of developing critical thinking and analytical skills, which enable individuals
to analyze complex issues from an Islamic perspective and to make informed decisions.
5. Developing practical skills and competencies: Muslim educationists believe that
education should also focus on developing practical skills and competencies, such as
communication, teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving, that are necessary for
success in both religious and secular domains.
6. Contributing to the betterment of society: Muslim educationists emphasize the
importance of education in contributing to the betterment of society by promoting
social justice, serving the needs of the community, and working towards the common
good.

Overall, Muslim educationists emphasize the importance of education in developing a

strong Islamic identity, promoting moral and ethical values, and contributing to the
betterment of society, while also providing individuals with the knowledge, skills, and
competencies they need to succeed in both religious and secular domains.

Education and Training in Islamic System.

In the Islamic system, education and training are considered essential components of a
person's development, and they are closely linked to the individual's spiritual and moral
growth. Islamic education and training have certain distinct characteristics that reflect
the unique nature of the Islamic worldview and values.

1. Integration of religious and secular knowledge: Islamic education and training seek to
integrate religious and secular knowledge, emphasizing the importance of both
academic and practical skills in achieving personal and societal goals. The Islamic system
considers the Quran and Sunnah (traditions of Prophet Muhammad) as the primary
sources of knowledge, and these sources are integrated into all aspects of education
and training.
2. Focus on moral and ethical development: In the Islamic system, education and training
are seen as vehicles for promoting moral and ethical values, such as honesty,
compassion, respect for others, and social responsibility. Islamic education aims to
produce individuals who are committed to these values and who strive to embody them
in their daily lives.
3. Emphasis on practical skills: Islamic education and training focus on developing practical
skills and competencies, such as communication, teamwork, leadership, and problem-
solving, that are necessary for success in both religious and secular domains.

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4. Emphasis on lifelong learning: Islamic education and training are considered lifelong
processes, with an emphasis on continuous learning and personal development. The
Islamic system encourages individuals to seek knowledge throughout their lives and to
engage in ongoing self-improvement and self-reflection.
5. Role of teachers: In the Islamic system, teachers play a crucial role in the education and
training process. They are considered to be role models and mentors, responsible for
not only imparting knowledge but also guiding students in their moral and spiritual
development.
6. Learning by doing: Islamic education and training emphasize the importance of practical
learning, with a focus on hands-on experience and application of knowledge. This
approach encourages individuals to actively participate in their own learning and to
apply what they have learned in real-world situations.

Overall, education and training in the Islamic system are characterized by a holistic
approach that integrates religious and secular knowledge, emphasizes moral and ethical
development, and focuses on developing practical skills and competencies. Through this
approach, the Islamic system seeks to produce individuals who are committed to their
faith, engaged in their communities, and equipped with the knowledge and skills
necessary to succeed in both religious and secular domains.

Definition of Education.
Education can be defined as a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and
attitudes through various forms of learning, such as teaching, training, research, or self-
study. It is a lifelong process that begins from birth and continues throughout an
individual's life. Education is not limited to formal schooling or academic institutions; it
can also be acquired through various other means, such as life experiences, practical
skills, and interactions with others.

Education can be divided into different categories, such as formal, non-formal, and
informal education. Formal education refers to the structured learning that takes place
in schools, colleges, and universities. Non-formal education refers to the learning that
takes place outside the traditional classroom setting, such as vocational training,
apprenticeships, and adult education programs. Informal education refers to the
learning that takes place through daily life experiences, such as learning a new skill or
hobby, observing others, or interacting with friends and family.

Education is not only about acquiring knowledge or skills; it also involves the
development of an individual's character, values, and attitudes. Education plays a crucial

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role in shaping individuals and society as a whole, and it has the potential to create
positive change in the world. Overall, education is a multifaceted process that involves
the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes, and it plays a crucial role in
the personal and social development of individuals.

Concept of education and training.

The concept of education and training involves the process of acquiring knowledge,
skills, values, and attitudes that are necessary for personal, professional, and social
development. While education and training are often used interchangeably, there are
some key differences between the two.

Education generally refers to the formal process of acquiring knowledge and

understanding of various subjects, such as mathematics, science, language, history, and
social sciences. It often takes place in a structured setting, such as a school, college, or
university, and is typically delivered by teachers or instructors. Education is not limited
to formal schooling, however, and can also be acquired through informal or non-formal
learning experiences, such as reading, research, or self-study.

Training, on the other hand, refers to the process of acquiring specific skills or
competencies that are necessary for a particular profession, job, or task. It is often more
focused and practical than education and is designed to prepare individuals for specific
roles or responsibilities. Training can take place in a variety of settings, including the
workplace, vocational schools, and professional development programs.

Both education and training are important for personal and professional development.
Education provides individuals with a broad understanding of various subjects, while
training equips them with the specific skills and competencies needed to perform
particular tasks or jobs. Ultimately, a combination of both education and training can
lead to well-rounded individuals who are equipped with the knowledge, skills, values,
and attitudes necessary for success in their personal and professional lives.

Need and importance of education and training.

Education and training play a crucial role in the personal, professional, and social
development of individuals. Here are some reasons why education and training are
important:

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1. Personal development: Education and training help individuals to develop their

knowledge, skills, and competencies, which can lead to personal growth and
development. It can also help individuals to develop critical thinking, problem-solving,
and decision-making skills, which are essential for success in both personal and
professional life.
2. Professional development: Education and training are crucial for individuals to acquire
the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in their chosen profession. It can also help
individuals to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in their field.
3. Improved job prospects: Education and training can improve an individual's job
prospects by making them more marketable and attractive to potential employers. It can
also lead to higher salaries and better job opportunities.
4. Social development: Education and training can have a positive impact on society as a
whole. Educated individuals are more likely to be involved in their communities,
participate in civic activities, and contribute to society.
5. Economic development: Education and training are crucial for economic development.
Educated individuals are more likely to find employment, earn higher salaries, and
contribute to the economy through taxes and consumer spending.

Overall, education and training are essential for personal, professional, and social
development. They can lead to improved job prospects, increased earning potential, and
contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and society.

Sources of knowledge and theories of learning in Islam.

In Islam, there are several sources of knowledge that are considered important for
acquiring knowledge and understanding of the world. These sources include:

1. The Quran: The Quran is considered the primary source of knowledge in Islam. It
contains guidance on various aspects of life, including spirituality, ethics, morality, and
social issues.
2. Hadith: Hadith refers to the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon
him). It provides guidance on various aspects of life, including religious practices, social
behavior, and personal conduct.
3. Ijma: Ijma refers to the consensus of Islamic scholars on a particular issue. It is
considered a source of knowledge and guidance in matters where the Quran and Hadith
do not provide a clear answer.
4. Qiyas: Qiyas refers to the process of analogical reasoning, where the principles and laws
established in the Quran and Hadith are applied to new situations and circumstances.

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In terms of theories of learning, Islam emphasizes the importance of both spiritual and
intellectual development. The process of acquiring knowledge is seen as a lifelong
journey, and it is believed that learning should be approached with humility and a desire
to seek knowledge for the sake of Allah.

In Islam, there are different types of knowledge, including religious knowledge (Ilm al-
Deen) and worldly knowledge (Ilm al-Dunya). Both types of knowledge are considered
important, and it is believed that individuals should seek to acquire knowledge in
various fields to benefit themselves and society.

Islam also emphasizes the importance of experiential learning, where individuals are
encouraged to learn through observation, reflection, and personal experience. This
approach to learning is reflected in the Hadith, where Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him) encourages his followers to "seek knowledge even if it be in China."

Overall, the sources of knowledge in Islam and theories of learning emphasize the
importance of seeking knowledge for the sake of Allah, developing both spiritual and
intellectual capacities, and approaching learning with humility and a desire to serve
others.

Curriculum in Islamic System Basics of Curriculum.

Curriculum in the Islamic system is designed to provide a comprehensive education that
encompasses both religious and worldly knowledge. The curriculum is based on the
teachings of the Quran and Hadith, and it is designed to prepare individuals for both
personal and professional success.

The basic components of the curriculum in the Islamic system include:

1. Religious education: Religious education is an important part of the curriculum in the

Islamic system. It includes the study of the Quran, Hadith, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence),
and other Islamic subjects.
2. Language and literature: Language and literature are also an important part of the
curriculum in the Islamic system. Arabic is the language of the Quran, and it is taught as
a primary language in many Islamic schools. Other languages, such as English, may also
be taught to prepare individuals for the global workforce.
3. Science and mathematics: Science and mathematics are important components of the
curriculum in the Islamic system. These subjects are taught to develop critical thinking

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and problem-solving skills that are essential for success in both personal and
professional life.
4. Social studies: Social studies, including history, geography, and civics, are also an
important part of the curriculum in the Islamic system. These subjects are taught to
provide individuals with a comprehensive understanding of the world and the societies
in which they live.
5. Physical education: Physical education is also emphasized in the Islamic system. It is
believed that a healthy body is necessary for a healthy mind, and physical education is
seen as an important component of personal development.

The curriculum in the Islamic system is designed to provide a holistic education that
develops individuals in all aspects of their lives. It is based on the principles of Islam and
is designed to prepare individuals for both personal and professional success.

Function of curriculum in Islamic System of education.

The function of the curriculum in the Islamic system of education is to provide a
comprehensive education that integrates religious and secular knowledge, and prepares
individuals to fulfill their responsibilities to God and society. The curriculum is designed
to provide individuals with a well-rounded education that emphasizes the development
of character, knowledge, and skills.

Some of the key functions of the curriculum in the Islamic system of education include:

1. Providing religious education: The curriculum in the Islamic system of education is

designed to provide individuals with a thorough understanding of Islam and its
principles. It includes the study of the Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic subjects, and is
designed to develop a strong sense of faith and spirituality.
2. Developing ethical and moral values: The curriculum in the Islamic system of education
is designed to develop ethical and moral values in individuals. It emphasizes the
importance of honesty, integrity, respect, and compassion, and is designed to promote
good character and behavior.
3. Preparing individuals for the workforce: The curriculum in the Islamic system of
education is designed to prepare individuals for the global workforce. It includes the
study of science, mathematics, language, literature, and social studies, and is designed
to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.
4. Fostering social responsibility: The curriculum in the Islamic system of education is
designed to foster social responsibility in individuals. It emphasizes the importance of
giving back to the community and caring for those in need.

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Overall, the function of the curriculum in the Islamic system of education is to provide
individuals with a comprehensive education that integrates religious and secular
knowledge, and prepares them to fulfill their responsibilities to God and society. It is
designed to promote personal and professional development, and to foster a strong
sense of faith, ethics, and social responsibility.

Curriculum Integration Content selection.

Curriculum integration is the process of combining different subject areas or knowledge
domains into a unified curriculum. Content selection is an important aspect of
curriculum integration, as it involves selecting the most relevant and appropriate
content from different subject areas to create a cohesive curriculum.

In the Islamic system of education, curriculum integration is an important aspect of

providing a comprehensive education that integrates religious and secular knowledge.
The following are some key principles and strategies for content selection in the Islamic
system of education:

1. Emphasize the integration of Islamic and secular knowledge: The Islamic system of
education emphasizes the integration of religious and secular knowledge. Content
selection should therefore emphasize the importance of integrating Islamic teachings
with secular subjects such as science, mathematics, and social studies.
2. Emphasize the relevance of knowledge: Curriculum content should be relevant to the
needs and interests of students. Content selection should therefore take into
consideration the practical and real-world applications of the knowledge being taught.
3. Focus on foundational knowledge: Curriculum content should focus on foundational
knowledge that is essential for personal and professional success. Content selection
should therefore emphasize the importance of developing critical thinking, problem-
solving, and communication skills.
4. Emphasize the development of character: Curriculum content should emphasize the
development of character and ethical values. Content selection should therefore
emphasize the importance of developing values such as honesty, integrity, compassion,
and respect.
5. Take into consideration cultural and societal factors: Curriculum content should take
into consideration cultural and societal factors that may influence student learning.
Content selection should therefore take into account the diverse backgrounds and
needs of students.

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Overall, content selection in the Islamic system of education should emphasize the
integration of Islamic and secular knowledge, the relevance of knowledge to real-world
applications, the development of foundational knowledge and skills, the importance of
character development, and the consideration of cultural and societal factors. By
following these principles and strategies, curriculum integration can be effectively
achieved in the Islamic system of education.

Methods of instruction and curriculum activities.

In the Islamic system of education, various methods of instruction and curriculum
activities are used to achieve the objectives of education and provide a well-rounded
education to students. Here are some of the key methods of instruction and curriculum
activities used in the Islamic system of education:

1. Lectures: Lectures are a common method of instruction in the Islamic system of

education. Teachers deliver lectures on various topics and provide students with
information and guidance. This method is particularly effective for conveying knowledge
of Islamic teachings and principles.
2. Discussion and Debate: Discussion and debate are important methods of instruction in
the Islamic system of education. Students are encouraged to participate in group
discussions and debates on various topics to develop critical thinking and
communication skills.
3. Project-based Learning: Project-based learning is another effective method of
instruction in the Islamic system of education. Students work on individual or group
projects that require them to apply knowledge and skills they have learned in class. This
method is particularly effective for developing problem-solving and creativity skills.
4. Field Trips: Field trips are another important part of the curriculum in the Islamic system
of education. Students go on field trips to museums, cultural centers, and other
educational venues to learn about different aspects of Islamic culture and history.
5. Physical Education: Physical education is an important component of the curriculum in
the Islamic system of education. Students participate in various physical activities such
as sports, yoga, and martial arts to develop physical fitness and discipline.
6. Islamic Education Activities: Islamic education activities are an important part of the
curriculum in the Islamic system of education. These activities may include memorizing
Quranic verses, learning Islamic prayers, and studying Islamic history and culture.

Overall, the methods of instruction and curriculum activities used in the Islamic system
of education are designed to promote the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and values.

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By using a combination of these methods and activities, students can develop a well-
rounded education and fulfill their responsibilities to God and society.

Administration and Supervision in Islamic System.

Administration and supervision in the Islamic system of education are carried out in a
manner that is consistent with Islamic principles and values. The following are some key
aspects of administration and supervision in the Islamic system of education:

1. Leadership and Ethics: In the Islamic system of education, leaders are expected to
demonstrate ethical behavior and integrity in their actions. They are also expected to
lead with humility and a focus on serving the community.
2. Consultation and Collaboration: Consultation and collaboration are important aspects of
administration and supervision in the Islamic system of education. Leaders are expected
to seek the opinions and input of others, and to work collaboratively to make decisions
and solve problems.
3. Transparency and Accountability: Transparency and accountability are also important
values in the Islamic system of education. Leaders are expected to be open and honest
about their actions and decisions, and to be accountable for their performance.
4. Fairness and Justice: Fairness and justice are fundamental values in the Islamic system of
education. Leaders are expected to treat all individuals fairly and justly, and to ensure
that all policies and procedures are consistent with these values.
5. Continuous Improvement: Continuous improvement is an important aspect of
administration and supervision in the Islamic system of education. Leaders are expected
to continuously assess the effectiveness of the education system and to make
improvements as needed to ensure that students receive the best possible education.

In terms of practical implementation, administration and supervision in the Islamic

system of education are carried out by various individuals, including school principals,
department heads, and ministry officials. These individuals are responsible for
overseeing the implementation of policies and procedures, ensuring that resources are
allocated appropriately, and ensuring that educational objectives are met.

Overall, administration and supervision in the Islamic system of education are

characterized by a focus on leadership and ethics, consultation and collaboration,
transparency and accountability, fairness and justice, and continuous improvement. By
upholding these values and principles, leaders in the Islamic system of education can
ensure that students receive a high-quality education that is consistent with Islamic
values and principles.

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Basics of Administration and Supervision.

Administration and supervision are key components of any education system. Here are
the basics of administration and supervision in education:

1. Administration: Administration refers to the management and operation of an education

system. This includes planning and organizing resources, managing personnel,
overseeing the curriculum, and ensuring that educational objectives are met.
Administrators are responsible for making decisions that support the overall goals of the
education system and for ensuring that these goals are achieved.
2. Supervision: Supervision refers to the process of monitoring and evaluating the
performance of teachers and other education professionals. This includes observing
teaching practices, providing feedback and support, and ensuring that teachers have the
resources they need to be effective. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that
teachers are providing high-quality instruction that meets the needs of students.
3. Leadership: Leadership is a critical component of administration and supervision in
education. Effective leaders inspire and motivate others to work towards common goals,
create a positive culture within the education system, and provide direction and
guidance to ensure that the system is meeting the needs of students.
4. Communication: Effective communication is essential for successful administration and
supervision in education. Administrators and supervisors must be able to communicate
clearly and effectively with teachers, students, parents, and other stakeholders to ensure
that everyone is working towards the same goals.
5. Professional Development: Ongoing professional development is essential for teachers
and other education professionals to stay current with new teaching methods,
technologies, and best practices. Administrators and supervisors are responsible for
ensuring that teachers have access to the resources and support they need to continue
growing and improving their skills.

Overall, effective administration and supervision are essential for ensuring that an
education system is meeting the needs of students and providing high-quality
education. By focusing on leadership, communication, professional development, and
other key components, administrators and supervisors can create an education system
that supports the growth and development of all students.

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Administration and Supervision under the pious Caliphs.

The pious caliphs, or Rashidun Caliphs, were the first four caliphs of the Islamic Empire,
who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad after his death. These caliphs established the
foundations of the Islamic system of governance, which included administration and
supervision of education.

Under the pious caliphs, education was highly valued and was considered a fundamental
pillar of Islamic society. They established educational institutions and appointed
qualified scholars to oversee the administration and supervision of these institutions.
Some of the notable examples of educational institutions established during this time
include the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco, which was founded by Fatima al-
Fihri in the 9th century, and the Al-Azhar University in Egypt, which was founded in the
10th century.

The pious caliphs also emphasized the importance of consultation and collaboration in
governance, which is reflected in the administration and supervision of education. They
appointed qualified individuals to serve as advisors and administrators, and encouraged
collaboration between different institutions to promote the sharing of knowledge and
resources.

One of the most notable examples of the pious caliphs' approach to administration and
supervision of education is the establishment of the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom)
in Baghdad during the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. The Bayt al-Hikmah was a center
of learning that housed a vast library of books and manuscripts, and was staffed by
scholars who translated and preserved works from different cultures and traditions. This
institution became a model for later educational institutions and had a lasting impact on
the development of education and scholarship in the Islamic world.

Overall, the pious caliphs emphasized the importance of education and established
institutions and systems of administration and supervision that promoted collaboration,
consultation, and a commitment to knowledge and scholarship. Their legacy continues
to shape the Islamic approach to education and governance to this day.

Principles of Islamic Administration and Supervision.

Islamic administration and supervision are based on several key principles that reflect
the values and principles of Islam. Here are some of the main principles of Islamic
administration and supervision:

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1. Tawhid: Tawhid is the belief in the unity and oneness of Allah. In Islamic administration
and supervision, this principle means that all actions and decisions should be based on
the belief that there is only one God and that all authority comes from Him.
2. Justice: Justice is a fundamental principle of Islam. In administration and supervision, this
principle means that all individuals should be treated fairly and equitably, regardless of
their social status or background. It also means that those in positions of power should
use their authority for the greater good and not for personal gain or self-interest.
3. Shura: Shura is the principle of consultation and mutual decision-making. In Islamic
administration and supervision, this means that decisions should be made through
consultation and collaboration, and that all stakeholders should have a voice in
decision-making.
4. Accountability: Accountability is a key principle in Islamic administration and
supervision. Those in positions of power and authority are accountable to Allah and to
the people they serve. This means that they should be transparent in their actions and
decisions, and should be willing to answer for their actions and decisions.
5. Responsibility: Responsibility is a fundamental principle in Islamic administration and
supervision. Those in positions of power and authority have a responsibility to use their
authority for the greater good and to serve the people they are responsible for.
6. Professionalism: Professionalism is a key principle in Islamic administration and
supervision. Those in positions of power and authority should be qualified and
competent, and should demonstrate a commitment to serving the public good.

Overall, Islamic administration and supervision are based on principles that reflect the
values and principles of Islam. These principles emphasize justice, accountability,
responsibility, and professionalism, and are intended to ensure that those in positions of
power and authority serve the greater good and act in accordance with Islamic
principles.

Qualities of Administration inter-Relationships.

Effective administration requires a range of qualities and skills, as well as the ability to
build strong inter-relationships with those around you. Here are some qualities of
administration that can help facilitate positive inter-relationships:

1. Communication: Good communication skills are essential for effective administration.

Administrators must be able to communicate clearly, actively listen, and provide
feedback to build strong relationships.

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2. Empathy: Administrators should be empathetic and understanding of others' needs and

concerns. Empathy allows administrators to build trust and rapport with those around
them.
3. Flexibility: Administrators should be adaptable and flexible in their approach. They must
be able to work with people with diverse backgrounds and be willing to change course
when necessary.
4. Collaborative: Administrators should be collaborative and work effectively in teams.
They should encourage participation and build consensus around shared goals.
5. Decisive: Administrators should be decisive and willing to make tough decisions when
necessary. They should be able to weigh the pros and cons of different options and
make decisions that benefit the organization and the people it serves.
6. Accountability: Administrators should hold themselves and others accountable for their
actions and decisions. They should be transparent and willing to answer questions and
explain their decisions.

Overall, the qualities of administration that facilitate positive inter-relationships involve

effective communication, empathy, flexibility, collaboration, decisiveness, and
accountability. These qualities enable administrators to work effectively with others and
build strong relationships that benefit the organization and the people it serves.

Teacher and Teaching in Islam Principles of teaching in Islamic system.

In Islam, the role of the teacher and teaching is highly respected and valued. Islamic
principles of teaching emphasize the importance of knowledge and learning, as well as
the responsibilities of teachers to impart knowledge and guide their students. Here are
some of the main principles of teaching in the Islamic system:

1. Importance of knowledge: Islam places great emphasis on the importance of knowledge

and learning. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Seeking knowledge is
obligatory upon every Muslim." This principle highlights the importance of education
and the role of teachers in imparting knowledge to their students.
2. Role of the teacher: In Islam, the teacher is considered to be a guide and mentor to the
student. The teacher has a responsibility to impart knowledge, as well as to guide and
advise the student in matters of faith and morality.
3. Mutual respect: The relationship between the teacher and student is one of mutual
respect. The teacher is respected for their knowledge and experience, while the student
is respected for their willingness to learn and their potential to grow.

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4. Active learning: In Islamic teaching, the emphasis is on active learning, rather than
passive listening. Students are encouraged to ask questions, engage in dialogue, and
seek clarification to deepen their understanding.
5. Application of knowledge: In Islam, knowledge is not merely theoretical; it is meant to
be applied in practical ways. Teachers should encourage students to apply their
knowledge in their daily lives and to use it to benefit themselves and others.
6. Character development: Islamic teaching emphasizes the development of good
character and moral values. Teachers have a responsibility to model these values and to
guide students in developing them.

Overall, the principles of teaching in the Islamic system emphasize the importance of
knowledge, the role of the teacher as a guide and mentor, mutual respect, active
learning, application of knowledge, and character development. These principles are
intended to ensure that education serves the greater good and that students are
prepared to lead productive and fulfilling lives.

Teacher and Teaching: Historical Perspective.

The role of the teacher and teaching has a long history that spans across cultures and
civilizations. In the Islamic tradition, teaching has been an important part of society since
the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

During the time of the Prophet, teaching was primarily focused on the Quran and the
Hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet). The Prophet himself was a teacher and
his teachings served as a guide for Muslims. The early Muslim community also
established schools and centers of learning, such as the famous University of Al-
Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, which was founded in 859 CE.

In the centuries that followed, Islamic education continued to develop and expand.
Islamic scholars and educators developed a wide range of disciplines, including
theology, law, philosophy, mathematics, and science. The Islamic Golden Age, which
lasted from the 8th to the 14th centuries, saw a flourishing of learning and scholarship
in the Muslim world.

During this period, Muslim scholars made significant contributions to fields such as
astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and mathematics. Islamic education also emphasized
the importance of moral and ethical values, and many scholars wrote treatises on moral
philosophy and ethics.

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Throughout Islamic history, teaching has been seen as a noble profession that is highly
valued by society. Teachers were respected for their knowledge and wisdom, and they
played a vital role in shaping the intellectual and moral development of their students.
Islamic education emphasized the importance of a strong relationship between the
teacher and student, as well as the need for active learning and practical application of
knowledge.

Today, the legacy of Islamic education continues, with millions of Muslim students
studying in schools and universities around the world. Islamic education remains an
important part of Muslim society and continues to shape the intellectual and moral
development of Muslims around the world.

Role of teacher in Islamic system of education.

In the Islamic system of education, the role of the teacher is considered to be very
important. Teachers are respected for their knowledge, wisdom, and moral character,
and they are seen as important guides for their students. The following are some of the
key roles and responsibilities of teachers in the Islamic system of education:

1. Transmitting knowledge: The primary role of the teacher is to transmit knowledge to

their students. This includes not only academic knowledge but also moral and spiritual
knowledge.
2. Being a role model: Teachers are expected to be role models for their students,
embodying the values and ethics of Islam in their behavior and actions.
3. Fostering critical thinking: Islamic education emphasizes the importance of critical
thinking and independent inquiry. Teachers are expected to encourage their students to
think critically and question what they learn.
4. Nurturing moral character: Teachers play an important role in nurturing the moral
character of their students, helping them to develop virtues such as honesty,
compassion, and responsibility.
5. Providing guidance and support: Teachers are expected to provide guidance and
support to their students, helping them to navigate the challenges of life and grow into
responsible and successful adults.
6. Creating a positive learning environment: Teachers are responsible for creating a
positive learning environment that is conducive to learning and fosters a love of
knowledge.

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Overall, the role of the teacher in the Islamic system of education is to inspire and guide
their students, helping them to grow intellectually, morally, and spiritually. Through their
work, teachers play a vital role in shaping the future of Muslim society.

Exemplary teacher in Islam.

In Islam, an exemplary teacher is one who not only possesses knowledge but also
embodies the values and ethics of the religion. Such a teacher serves as a guide, mentor,
and role model for their students, helping them to develop intellectually, morally, and
spiritually. Here are some characteristics of an exemplary teacher in Islam:

1. Deep knowledge of Islam: An exemplary teacher in Islam possesses a deep and

comprehensive knowledge of Islam, including its teachings, values, ethics, and history.
2. Good character: An exemplary teacher is characterized by good moral character,
embodying the virtues of honesty, compassion, fairness, and responsibility.
3. Love for their students: An exemplary teacher loves their students and is genuinely
interested in their well-being, growth, and success.
4. Patience and humility: An exemplary teacher is patient and humble, recognizing that
learning is a lifelong process and that they themselves have much to learn.
5. Effective communication: An exemplary teacher is an effective communicator, able to
convey complex ideas in simple and clear language.
6. Creativity and innovation: An exemplary teacher is creative and innovative, constantly
seeking new ways to engage and inspire their students.
7. Commitment to social justice: An exemplary teacher is committed to social justice and
uses their knowledge and skills to make a positive impact in their community and
society at large.

In summary, an exemplary teacher in Islam is one who possesses deep knowledge of the
religion, embodies good moral character, loves their students, is patient and humble,
communicates effectively, is creative and innovative, and is committed to social justice.

Evaluation and Guidance in Islamic System.

Evaluation and guidance are important components of the Islamic system of education.
They play a crucial role in helping students to achieve their full potential and develop
into responsible and successful individuals. Here are some key aspects of evaluation and
guidance in the Islamic system:

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1. Emphasis on self-evaluation: In Islam, there is a strong emphasis on self-evaluation and

self-improvement. Students are encouraged to reflect on their own strengths and
weaknesses and to set goals for themselves.
2. Focus on holistic evaluation: Evaluation in the Islamic system goes beyond academic
performance and includes factors such as moral character, social skills, and emotional
intelligence.
3. Use of multiple assessment methods: Assessment in the Islamic system is not limited to
exams and tests but includes a range of methods such as projects, essays, presentations,
and group discussions.
4. Guidance based on Islamic teachings: Guidance in the Islamic system is based on the
teachings of Islam, emphasizing the importance of good moral character, ethical
behavior, and responsibility.
5. Role of teachers and mentors: Teachers and mentors play an important role in guiding
students, providing them with feedback, and helping them to identify areas for
improvement.
6. Support for struggling students: The Islamic system places a strong emphasis on
supporting struggling students, providing them with the resources and guidance they
need to succeed.

Overall, evaluation and guidance are seen as essential components of the Islamic system
of education, helping students to develop holistically and achieve their full potential.
Through effective evaluation and guidance, students are able to grow intellectually,
morally, and spiritually, and become successful and responsible members of society.

Concept and Nature of guidance and evaluation.

Guidance and evaluation are two important components of the educational process.
Let's define and explain the nature of each:

1. Guidance: Guidance is a process that helps individuals to identify their strengths and
weaknesses, set goals, and develop strategies to achieve those goals. It involves
providing support, advice, and encouragement to help individuals overcome obstacles
and make progress towards their goals. Guidance can be provided in a variety of
settings, including education, career, personal relationships, and spiritual growth.

The nature of guidance is dynamic and multifaceted. It involves a variety of activities,

such as listening, mentoring, coaching, counseling, and advising. Effective guidance
requires a deep understanding of the individual's unique needs, goals, and challenges. It
involves developing a strong rapport with the individual, building trust, and providing

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constructive feedback. The goal of guidance is to empower individuals to make

informed decisions, take responsibility for their actions, and achieve their full potential.

2. Evaluation: Evaluation is the process of assessing an individual's performance,

knowledge, skills, or behavior. It involves the use of various assessment methods, such
as exams, tests, quizzes, projects, and portfolios, to measure the individual's progress
and achievement. Evaluation provides feedback to the individual about their strengths
and weaknesses, helping them to identify areas for improvement and make necessary
changes.

The nature of evaluation is objective and systematic. It involves the use of reliable and
valid assessment methods, clear criteria for evaluation, and the collection of data to
inform decision-making. Effective evaluation requires a deep understanding of the
individual's learning needs and goals, as well as the curriculum and learning objectives.
The goal of evaluation is to provide accurate and meaningful feedback to the individual,
helping them to improve their performance and achieve their goals.

In summary, guidance and evaluation are two important components of the educational
process, with different but complementary natures. Guidance focuses on helping
individuals to set goals and develop strategies to achieve them, while evaluation focuses
on assessing performance and providing feedback for improvement. Both are essential
for helping individuals to achieve their full potential and become successful and
responsible members of society.

Islamic Concept of Evaluation and Guidance.

In Islam, evaluation and guidance are considered essential components of the
educational process. Islamic education emphasizes the development of the whole
person, including their spiritual, moral, intellectual, and social dimensions. Here are
some key aspects of the Islamic concept of evaluation and guidance:

1. Purpose: The ultimate goal of evaluation and guidance in Islamic education is to help
individuals achieve their full potential as human beings and fulfill their duties as servants
of Allah. Islamic education seeks to cultivate in individuals a deep understanding and
love for Allah, and to encourage them to live a life that reflects this understanding and
love.
2. Nature of evaluation: Evaluation in Islamic education is based on a holistic approach that
takes into account the individual's spiritual, moral, intellectual, and social development.
It is not limited to academic or cognitive assessment, but also includes assessment of

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character, behavior, and values. The evaluation process is guided by Islamic principles,
such as justice, honesty, and compassion.
3. Nature of guidance: Guidance in Islamic education is based on the principles of the
Qur'an and the Sunnah (the teachings and practices of Prophet Muhammad). It involves
providing individuals with the knowledge and skills they need to develop their spiritual,
moral, intellectual, and social dimensions. Islamic guidance is aimed at developing a
strong sense of identity, purpose, and direction, as well as a deep connection with Allah.
4. Role of the teacher: The teacher in Islamic education plays a central role in providing
guidance and evaluation to students. The teacher is not only a source of knowledge and
skills, but also a mentor and role model who exemplifies the Islamic values and
principles. The teacher is responsible for creating a supportive and nurturing learning
environment that encourages students to grow and develop.
5. Approach to feedback: In Islamic education, feedback is provided in a constructive and
positive manner that encourages students to improve their performance and behavior.
Feedback is guided by Islamic principles such as kindness, compassion, and respect. The
focus is on helping students identify their strengths and weaknesses and providing them
with guidance and support to overcome challenges and achieve their goals.

In summary, the Islamic concept of evaluation and guidance is based on a holistic

approach that aims to develop the whole person and cultivate a deep connection with
Allah. It is guided by Islamic principles and values, and emphasizes the role of the
teacher in providing guidance and support to students. The focus is on providing
constructive feedback that helps individuals improve their performance and behavior
and achieve their full potential.

Concept of hereafter and Islamic system of education.

In Islam, the concept of the Hereafter (Akhirah) is central to the Islamic worldview and
has a significant impact on the Islamic system of education. Here are some ways in
which the concept of the Hereafter is related to Islamic education:

1. Ultimate goal: The ultimate goal of Islamic education is to prepare individuals for the
Hereafter by helping them develop spiritually, morally, and intellectually. Islamic
education is not just about acquiring knowledge and skills but also about developing a
strong connection with Allah and living a life that is pleasing to Him.
2. Morality: Islamic education places a strong emphasis on morality and ethics, which are
seen as essential for achieving success in the Hereafter. Islamic ethics are based on the
Qur'an and the Sunnah and emphasize the importance of honesty, compassion, justice,
and humility.

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3. Purpose of knowledge: In Islamic education, knowledge is not just a means to worldly

success but also a means to achieve success in the Hereafter. Knowledge is seen as a gift
from Allah and a means to understand His creation and His laws. Islamic education
encourages the pursuit of knowledge for the sake of Allah and the benefit of humanity.
4. Accountability: Islamic education emphasizes the concept of accountability in both this
life and the Hereafter. Individuals are accountable for their actions and will be judged by
Allah based on their deeds. Islamic education encourages individuals to live a life of
purpose and to strive for excellence in all aspects of their lives.
5. Hope and motivation: The concept of the Hereafter provides hope and motivation for
individuals to pursue excellence in this life. Islamic education encourages individuals to
have a positive outlook and to strive for success in both this life and the Hereafter. The
belief in the Hereafter provides a sense of purpose and direction that helps individuals
overcome challenges and obstacles.

In summary, the concept of the Hereafter is central to the Islamic worldview and has a
significant impact on the Islamic system of education. Islamic education aims to prepare
individuals for the Hereafter by developing them spiritually, morally, and intellectually. It
emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge for the sake of Allah and the benefit of humanity,
encourages individuals to live a life of purpose and accountability, and provides hope
and motivation for success in this life and the Hereafter.

Islamization of Curriculum Concept and need of Islamization of Curriculum.

Islamization of curriculum refers to the process of incorporating Islamic values, beliefs,
and principles into the curriculum of educational institutions. The need for Islamization
of curriculum arises from the belief that modern education systems often ignore Islamic
teachings and values, resulting in a disconnect between the knowledge gained and the
Muslim worldview. Here are some concepts and needs of Islamization of curriculum:

1. Relevance: Islamization of curriculum is needed to make education relevant to the

Muslim worldview. Modern education systems often ignore Islamic teachings and
values, resulting in a disconnect between the knowledge gained and the Muslim
worldview. By incorporating Islamic teachings into the curriculum, education becomes
more relevant to the needs and values of Muslim students.
2. Authenticity: Islamization of curriculum is needed to ensure the authenticity of
knowledge. Islamic teachings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding
the world, and incorporating them into the curriculum can ensure that knowledge is
presented in an authentic and accurate way.

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3. Integration: Islamization of curriculum is needed to integrate Islamic knowledge with

modern knowledge. The Quran and Sunnah provide guidance on all aspects of life, and
integrating this knowledge with modern knowledge can help create a more holistic and
comprehensive understanding of the world.
4. Identity: Islamization of curriculum is needed to help Muslim students develop a strong
Islamic identity. By incorporating Islamic teachings into the curriculum, students can
develop a better understanding of their faith and culture, and feel a greater sense of
belonging and pride in their identity.
5. Ethics: Islamization of curriculum is needed to promote Islamic ethics and values. Islamic
teachings emphasize the importance of honesty, justice, compassion, and other values
that are essential for creating a just and ethical society. By incorporating these values
into the curriculum, students can develop a strong moral compass that guides their
actions and decisions.

In summary, Islamization of curriculum is the process of incorporating Islamic values,

beliefs, and principles into the curriculum of educational institutions. It is needed to
make education more relevant, authentic, integrated, and identity-focused, and to
promote Islamic ethics and values. By Islamizing the curriculum, education can become
a more holistic and comprehensive experience that better reflects the Muslim worldview.

Ideological refences of national education policies.

National education policies are often shaped by ideological references that guide their
formulation and implementation. Ideological references are the underlying beliefs,
values, and principles that inform the development of education policies. Here are some
examples of ideological references that can shape national education policies:

1. Nationalism: Nationalism is an ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation-

state and its identity, culture, and history. Nationalism can shape education policies by
emphasizing the promotion of national identity, language, and history in the curriculum,
and by promoting a sense of patriotism among students.
2. Democracy: Democracy is an ideology that emphasizes the importance of political
participation, freedom of expression, and the rule of law. Democratic values can shape
education policies by promoting the development of critical thinking skills, civic
education, and human rights education.
3. Socialism: Socialism is an ideology that emphasizes the importance of social justice,
equality, and collective ownership of resources. Socialist values can shape education
policies by promoting the development of education systems that prioritize equitable

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access to education, and by emphasizing the role of education in promoting social

change.
4. Islamism: Islamism is an ideology that emphasizes the importance of Islamic values,
principles, and teachings in shaping all aspects of society, including education. Islamist
values can shape education policies by emphasizing the role of education in promoting
Islamic values and ethics, and by promoting the teaching of Islamic history and religious
education.
5. Liberalism: Liberalism is an ideology that emphasizes the importance of individual
freedom, human rights, and the rule of law. Liberal values can shape education policies
by promoting the development of education systems that prioritize individual
autonomy, diversity, and inclusivity, and by emphasizing the importance of human
rights education.

In summary, national education policies are shaped by the ideological references that
guide their formulation and implementation. These references can include nationalism,
democracy, socialism, Islamism, liberalism, and other ideologies that inform the
development of education policies. The choice of ideological reference can have a
significant impact on the goals, values, and principles that underpin national education
policies.

Islamic Education Conferences Efforts to Islamized Curriculum in Pakistan.

Islamic education conferences in Pakistan have been an important forum for discussions
and efforts to Islamize the curriculum in the country. These conferences have brought
together educators, scholars, policymakers, and religious leaders to discuss issues
related to Islamic education and to promote the integration of Islamic values, principles,
and teachings into the education system.

One of the most significant Islamic education conferences in Pakistan was the
International Islamic Education Conference, which was held in Karachi in 1980. The
conference was attended by scholars and educators from around the world, and it
focused on issues related to the development of Islamic education in Pakistan and other
Muslim countries. The conference emphasized the need to Islamize the curriculum in
order to promote Islamic values, ethics, and worldview among students.

Since then, there have been several other conferences and initiatives aimed at Islamizing
the curriculum in Pakistan. In 2002, the government of Pakistan established the National
Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC) to revise the curriculum and introduce Islamic
values and teachings into the education system. The NCRC has been working on

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revising the curriculum for different levels of education, from primary to secondary and
higher education.

In addition to government initiatives, there have been efforts by Islamic scholars and
organizations to promote Islamic education and Islamize the curriculum in Pakistan. The
Jamaat-e-Islami party, for example, has been advocating for the integration of Islamic
values and teachings into the curriculum and has been running its own schools that
follow an Islamic curriculum.

However, the efforts to Islamize the curriculum in Pakistan have also been controversial
and have faced criticism from some quarters. Critics have argued that the focus on
Islamic education can lead to the neglect of other important subjects and skills, such as
science, technology, and critical thinking. There have also been concerns about the
politicization of the education system and the use of education to promote a particular
ideology or religious agenda.

In summary, Islamic education conferences and initiatives have played an important role
in promoting the Islamization of the curriculum in Pakistan. While there have been
efforts to integrate Islamic values and teachings into the education system, these efforts
have also faced criticism and controversy. The challenge for policymakers and educators
is to strike a balance between promoting Islamic education and values and ensuring that
students receive a well-rounded and balanced education that prepares them for the
challenges of the modern world.

MUSLIM MODEL DEGREE COLLEGE MARDAN ROAD CHARSADDA

EMAIL: [email protected] Phone No: 03139063621