Year 7

Mathematics
Unit 4 – Student

Name: _____________________

Class: ______________________
 Contents
1 Number Theory

1.1 Types of Numbers

1.2 Multiples
1.3 Divisibility Tests
1.4 Factors
1.5 Prime Numbers
1.6 Review and Problem Solving
1.7 Highest Common Factor
1.8 Lowest Common Multiple
1.9 Prime Factorisation
1.10 Number of Factors
1.11 Review and Problem Solving

2 Percentages

2.1 Expressing as Percentages

2.2 Percentages of Amounts
2.3 Percentage Increase
2.4 Percentage Decrease
2.5 Percentage Change
2.6 Reverse Percentages
2.7 Review and Problem Solving

3 Probability

3.1 Probability Scale

3.2 Probability of Single Events
3.3 Mutually Exclusive Events
3.4 Exhaustive Events
3.5 Expectation
3.6 Relative Frequency
3.7 Listing Outcomes
3.8 Sample Space Diagrams
3.9 Review and Problem Solving

Page 1
1 Number Theory

Page 2
1.1 Types of Numbers

Page 3
 Frayer Model – Integers
Definition Characteristics
A whole number, either • No decimal or fractional
positive or negative. part when simplified.
Examples Non Examples
• 1 • 1.1
! • 27.5
•
!
• 11 • 275
#$
• −11 •
%
• 275 • 0.42
• 275.0
• 36
• 36
"
•
#
"
• −
#

Page 4
 Frayer Model – Square Numbers
Square Numbers:
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, …

Definition Characteristics
The multiple created when a • The process of creating a
positive integer is multiplied square number is called
by the same positive integer. “squaring” and is shown
#
using a power of 2 ( )
Examples Non Examples
• 4 = 2# • 5
• 9 = 3# • 1000
• 100 = 10# • −4
• 144 = 12# ! ! #
• =
" #
• 1= 1#
• 2 ≠ 1#

Page 5
 Frayer Model – Cube Numbers
Cube Numbers:
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000, …

Definition Characteristics
The multiple created when a • The process of creating a
positive integer is multiplied cube number is called
by the same positive integer “cubing” and is shown
two more times. &
using a power of 3 ( )
Examples Non Examples
• 8 = 2& • 5
• 27 = 3& • 100
• 1000 = 10& • −8 = −2 &

• 1728 = 12& ! ! &

• =
' #
• 1= 1&
• 3 ≠ 1&

Page 6
 Frayer Model – Triangular Numbers
Triangular (or Triangle) Numbers:
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, …

Definition Characteristics
A number created by adding • Each number makes a
all the whole numbers from 1 triangular dot pattern.
to 𝑛.
• Adding two consecutive
triangular numbers makes
a square number.
Examples Non Examples
• 1 • 2
• 3 • 4
• 6 • 5
• 10 • 7
• 15 • 8

Page 7
Maths Venns

Page 8
 1.2 Multiples
If cola is sold in multipacks of 6, I can only buy a multiple of
6 bottles.

Page 9
 Worked Example Your Turn
Write down the first six Write down the first six
multiples of 6 multiples of 8

Page 10
 Intelligent Practice
Write down the first six multiples of these numbers:

1) 5

2) 3

3) 4

4) 10

5) 7

6) 9

7) 11

8) 20

9) 100

10) 50

11) 12

12) 35

Page 11
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Fluency Practice
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Question 1: Write down the <irst six multiples of these numbers

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 10 (e) 7 (f) 9

(g) 11 (h) 20 (i) 100 (j) 50 (k) 12 (l) 35

Question 2: Below is a list of numbers.

12 15 17 20 22 25 27 30 32 35 39 40

From the list write down any numbers that are multiples of:

(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 3 (e) 4 (f) 8

Question 3: List all the numbers between 40 and 60 (inclusive) that are multiples of:

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 8 (e) 9 (f) 14

Question 4: Below is a list of numbers.

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

From the list write down any numbers that are multiples of:

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 10 (e) 4 (f) 15

Question 5: (a) List the <irst ten multiples of 3.

(b) List the <irst ten multiples of 4.
(c) Write down any numbers listed that are multiples of both 3 and 4.

Question 6: (a) List the <irst ten multiples of 5.

(b) List the <irst ten multiples of 6.
(c) Write down any numbers listed that are multiples of both 5 and 6.
!

Question 7: (a) List the <irst ten multiples ofMultiples

6.
(b) List the <irstVideo
ten multiples
220 onofwww.corbettmaths.com
9.
(c) Write down any numbers listed that are multiples of both 6 and 9.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018
Question 8: Write down three common multiples of 8 and 12.

Question 9: Write down three common multiples of 4 and 6.

Question 10: Write down three common multiples of 15 and 20.

Apply

Question 1: Page 12 How many times will it <lash in 3 minutes?

A light <lashes every 8 seconds.
 Apply Extension
Question 1: A light <lashes every 8 seconds. How many times will it <lash in 3 minutes?

Question 2: Find the smallest number over 200 that is a multiple of 6.

Question 3: Copy the Venn diagram below.

Place these numbers into the Venn diagram: 8, 10, 12, 13, 20, 22, 25, 40, 50

Question 4: Find the <irst even number that is a multiple of 5 and 7.

Question 5: A crate can hold 12 cans of lemonade.

Thomas has 200 cans of lemonade.
How many crates can be <illed?

Question 6: Find a number that is a multiple of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Answers

Click here
© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 13
 Frayer Model – Multiple

Definition Characteristics
A multiple is the result of • Often given as a list by
multiplying a positive integer multiplying the same
by another positive integer. number by 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. in
turn.

• The multiples of a number

are the numbers in its time
tables.

• Will always be greater than

or equal to the starting
number.
Examples Non Examples
• Multiples of 6 = • 3 is not a multiple of 6
6, 12, 18, …
• 2 is not a multiple of 4 or 6
• Multiples of 19 = or 8 etc.
19, 38, 57, …
• 1 is not a multiple of any
number except 1

Page 14
 1.3 Divisibility Tests
A divisibility test is a rule for determining whether one whole
number is divisible by another. It is a quick way to find factors of
large numbers.

Page 15
 Divisibility Tests for 2, 5 and 10
Number Test Example Non Example
2 Ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 1246 3273
5 Ends in 0 or 5 3825 1011
10 Ends in 0 4890 3568

Page 16
 Divisibility Tests for 4 and 8
Number Test Example Non Example
Last two digits divisible
4 7356 9382
by 4
Last three digits divisible
8 4512 8148
by 8

Page 17
 Divisibility Tests for 3 and 9
Number Test Example Non Example
Sum of digits is divisible
3 1353 4567
by 3
Sum of digits is divisible
9 1458 3057
by 9

Page 18
 Divisibility Tests for 7 and 11
Number Test Example Non Example
Multiply the last digit by
5 and add it to the
7 remaining number, and 9961 3581
see if the result is
divisible by 7
Sum odd-positioned
digits and subtract sum
2761
11 of even-positioned digits 5476
8261
and see if the result is
divisible by 11

Page 19
 Divisibility Tests for 6 and 12
Number Test Example Non Example
6 Divisible by both 2 and 3 4728 7352
12 Divisible by both 3 and 4 3576 1222

Page 20
 Fluency Practice
Divisibility Rule Sheet 1

Is the number to the left of each row divisible by the number at the top of each
column? Check the boxes.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

497,652

8,118

28,755

640

874,629

981,274

19,746

6,804

246,972

30,630

176

78,900

Printable Worksheets @ www.mathworksheets4kids.com

Page 21
Extension

Page 22
Extension

Page 23
 1.4 Factors
A factory is a place where lots of separate parts are put together to
make something like a car. All of the separate things that go into
the car are factors.

Page 24
 Worked Example Your Turn
Find all the factors of 44 Find all the factors of 88

Page 25
 Intelligent Practice
Find all the factors of:

1) 8 11) 30

2) 10 12) 100

3) 7 13) 32

4) 12 14) 24

5) 20 15) 42

6) 22 16) 28

7) 18 17) 66

8) 50 18) 70

9) 15 19) 45

10) 19 20) 60

21) 25
Count the number of factors for each question.
• Which numbers have 2 factors?
• Which numbers have a odd number of factors?
• Take the factors of 28 (not including 28) add them together.
What do you notice?

Page 26
 Workout
Fluency
Click here Practice

Question 1: List all the factors of these numbers

(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 12 (e) 20 (f) 22 (g) 18

(h) 50 (i) 15 (j) 19 (k) 30 (l) 100 (m) 32 (n) 24

(o) 42 (p) 28 (q) 66 (r) 70 (s) 45 (t) 60 (u) 25

Question 2: Is 3 a factor of.... ?

(a) 14 (b) 21 (c) 27 (d) 32 (e) 57 (f) 301 (g) 100

Question 3: Is 5 a factor of.... ?

(a) 20 (b) 34 (c) 40 (d) 38 (e) 45 (f) 102 (g) 135

Question 4: List all the factors of these numbers (you may use a calculator)
(a) 84 (b) 140 (c) 200 (d) 240 (e) 145 (f) 192 (g) 244

Question 5: Is 9 a factor of.... ?

(a) 38 (b) 90 (c) 72 (d) 108 (e) 909 (f) 9001 (g) 293

Apply

Question 1: 21 25 30 45
Which number is the odd one out? why?

Question 2: 15 24 28 33
Which number is the odd one out? why?

Question 3: Mary has 26 sweets and is able to share them evenly between her friends.
Mary has more than 1 friend.
Write down how many friends Mary might have.

Question 4: James says that all numbers have an even number of factors.
Is he correct?

Answers

Click here © CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 27
(a) 38 (b) 90 (c) 72 (d) 108 (e) 909 (f) 9001 (g) 293

Apply Extension
Question 1: 21 25 30 45
Which number is the odd one out? why?

Question 2: 15 24 28 33
Which number is the odd one out? why?

Question 3: Mary has 26 sweets and is able to share them evenly between her friends.
Mary has more than 1 friend.
Write down how many friends Mary might have.

Question 4:James says that all numbers have an even number of factors.
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Page 28
 Factors of Square Numbers
The number of factors of a square number will always be odd. Can
you explain why this is?

Normally factors come in pairs e.g. for 20, we have

1 × 20, 2 × 10, 4 × 5

However, in 49, the 7 in 7 × 7 only counts once, so we will have an

odd number of factors.

Page 29
 Factors of Perfect Numbers
A perfect number is a number whose factors (excluding itself) add
up to itself.

For example: The factors of 6 (excluding 6) are 1, 2, and 3, and

1 + 2 + 3 = 6.

Note: All perfect numbers are triangular numbers.

Page 30
 Frayer Model – Factors

Definition Characteristics
A positive integer that will • Factors are normally
divide exactly into a given identified in pairs.
positive integer.
• The smallest factor of any
number is 1.

• The largest factor of any

number is the number.

• Will always be smaller than

or equal to the starting
number.
Examples Non Examples
• Factors of 8 = 1, 2, 4, 8 • 4 is not a factor of 2

• Factors of 9 = 1, 3, 9 • 2 is not a factor of 1

• Factors of 20 = • 4 is not a factor of 18

1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20

Page 31
 1.5 Prime Numbers

Definition Characteristics
A positive integer with • The factors of the number
precisely two distinct factors. will be 1 and the number
itself.
• Nearly all odd.
Examples Non Examples
• 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, • 1, 4, 6, 9, 15, 25, 27, 36, 39,
29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, !
50, 63, 72, 81, -2, #
59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83,
89, 97

The largest known prime number is 2'#,%'),)&& − 1, a number

which has 24,862,048 digits. It takes about 8000 sheets of paper
to print it!

Page 32
 Sieve of Eratosthenes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 21
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 31
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 41
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 51
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 61
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 71
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 81
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 91

• Find the smallest unshaded number.

• Shade1 in all2 of the
3 multiples
4 5of this 6 number
7 8 9 10 1
except for the number itself.
11 steps
• Repeat 12 1 13 and 214
until 15 16 a17 18
you reach 19 20 11
number that has no unshaded multiplies
21than22itself23on the
other 24 grid.
25 26 27 28 29 30 21
31 of
What types 32numbers
33 34do you35have36left?37 38 39 40 31
Why were these numbers left?
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 41
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 51
Page 33

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 61
1.6 Review and Problem Solving

Page 34
 Factor, Multiple, Both, Neither
For the Relationship, choose either: is a factor of, is a multiple of, is
neither a factor nor a multiple of, or is both a factor and a multiple
of

1st number Relationship 2nd number

3 9
9 3
9 27
9 49
9 6
6 9
9 9
1 9
9 1
9 2
9 4.5
4.5 9
0 9
9 0

Page 35
 Extension
1. Complete these statements with the most simple examples you
can think of

2. Then complete the statements with the most interesting

examples you can think of

_____ is a factor of ____

_____ is a multiple of _____

_____ is both a factor and a multiple of ____

_____ is neither a factor nor a multiple of _____

Page 36
Sequences of Multiples

Page 37
Divisibility Rules

Page 38
1 to 9 Multiplied

Page 39
1 to 9 Multiplied

Page 40
 Primes using 0 to 9

For example: 2, 3, 5, 41, 67, 89

Page 41
Consecutive Chains

Page 42
Maths Venns

Page 43
Maths Venns

Page 44
Maths Venns

Page 45
1.7 Highest Common Factor

Page 46
 Worked Example Your Turn
Find the HCF of 6 and 15 Find the HCF of 6 and 20

Page 47
 Intelligent Practice
Find the HCF of:

1) 5 and 10 10) 28 and 30

2) 10 and 5 11) 30 and 30

3) 20 and 5 12) 30 and 48

4) 20 and 10 13) 36 and 48

5) 20 and 30 14) 24, 36 and 48

6) 4 and 30 15) 240, 360 and 480

7) 5 and 30

8) 7 and 30

9) 14 and 30

Can you spot any patterns between questions and answers? Can
you explain why they occur?

Page 48
 Workout Click here
Fluency Practice
Question 1: (a) List all the factors of 10
(b) List all the factors of 15
(c) Write down all the common factors of 10 and 15.

Question 2: (a) List all the factors of 12

(b) List all the factors of 18
(c) Write down all the common factors of 12 and 18.

Question 3: Write down all the common factors of each of these pairs of numbers.

(a) 6 and 8 (b) 15 and 20 (c) 9 and 15 (d) 7 and 14

(e) 30 and 40 (f) 21 and 27 (g) 18 and 30 (h) 16 and 24

Question 4: (a) List all the factors of 14

(b) List all the factors of 21
(c) Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 14 and 21.

Question 5: (a) List all the factors of 24

(b) List all the factors of 36
(c) Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 24 and 36.

Question 6: Find the highest common factor (HCF) of each of these pairs of numbers.

(a) 4 and 14 (b) 6 and 9 (c) 9 and 21 (d) 8 and 12

(e) 6 and 15 (f) 10 and 17 (g) 30 and 45 (h) 40 and 60

(i) 28 and 63 (j) 24 and 36 (k) 16 and 28 (l) 18 and 45

(m) 150 and 200 (n) 12 and 54 (o) 90 and 270 (p) 39 and 65

Question 7: Find the highest common factor (HCF) of each of these sets of numbers.

(a) 12, 6 and 15 (b) 27, 33 and 12 (c) 30, 15 and 25 (d) 8, 20 and 12

(e) 10, 25 and 13 (f) 12, 24 and 30 (g) 9, 36 and 45 (h) 100, 125 and 200
© CORBETTMATHS 2

Page 49
Question 2:
ApplyAlannah has two lengths of ribbon.
One length of ribbon isExtension
36cm long and the other length is 45cm long.
Alannah wants to cut lengths of ribbon into shorter lengths that are of
equal length.
Question 1: Martin
Alannahsays
doesthat
not6want
is a common factor
any ribbon leftof 42, 36 and 50.
over.
Is he correct?
What is the longest possible length for each of the shorter lengths of ribbon?

Question
Question 2:
3: Alannah has two lengths
Sam has completed of ribbon.
his maths homework.
One
Can you spot any mistakes? long and the other length is 45cm long.
length of ribbon is 36cm
Alannah wants to cut lengths of ribbon into shorter lengths that are of
equal length.
Alannah does not want any ribbon left over.
What is the longest possible length for each of the shorter lengths of ribbon?

Question 3: Sam has completed his maths homework.

Can you spot any mistakes?

Question 4: Olivia thinks of two numbers.

The lowest common multiple (LCM) of the two numbers is 36.
The highest common factor (HCF) of the two numbers is 3.
Both numbers are less than 15.
Write down two possible numbers that Olivia could be thinking of.

Question 5: Niamh thinks of two numbers.

Question 4: Olivia thinkscommon
The highest of two numbers.
factor (HCF) of the two numbers is 8.
The
The lowest common multiple (LCM)
lowest common multiple (LCM) of
of the
the two
two numbers
numbers is is 36.
a multiple of 5.
The highest
Write down common factor
two possible (HCF) of
numbers theNiamh
that two numbers
could beisthinking
3. of.
Both numbers are less than 15.
Question 6: Write down
Emily thinkstwo possible
of two numbers that Olivia could be thinking of.
numbers.
The highest common factor (HCF) of the two numbers is 1.
Question 5: Niamh thinks
The lowest of two multiple
common numbers.(LCM) of the two numbers is a multiple of 40.
The
Writehighest
down common factor
two possible (HCF) of
numbers theEmily
that two numbers
could be is 8.
thinking of.
The lowest common multiple (LCM) of the two numbers is a multiple of 5.
Write down two possible numbers that Niamh could be thinking of.
Answers
Question 6: Emily thinks of two numbers.
The highest common factor (HCF) of the two numbers is 1.
The lowest common multiple (LCM) of the two numbers is a multiple of 40.
Write down two possible numbers that Emily could be thinking of.

Click here
Answers © CORBETTMATHS 2018

Click here
Page 50 © CORBETTMATHS 2018
 Frayer Model – Highest Common Factor
Definition Characteristics
The largest integer which is a • Will be less than or equal
factor of two or more given to the smallest of the given
positive integers. numbers.

• Often abbreviated to HCF.

• All of the given numbers

will appear in the times
table of the HCF.
Examples Non Examples
• HCF (8, 12) = 4 • HCF 1, 2 ≠ 2

• HCF (30, 15) = 15 • HCF 4, 8 ≠ 8

• HCF 4, 15 = 1 • HCF 4, 5 ≠ 20

• HCF (4, 6, 10) = 2

Page 51
 Frayer Model – Co-Prime
Definition Characteristics
Positive integers are co-prime • At least two numbers.
when their HCF is 1. • Neither of the numbers
have to be prime.
• All groups of prime
numbers are co-prime.
• If one of the numbers is
prime, the others will be
co-prime unless they are
multiples of the prime.
Examples Non Examples
• 8 and 15 are co-prime • 2 and 4 are not co-prime

• 5 and 31 are co−prime • 9 and 15 are not co-prime

• 24 and 25 are co-prime • 5 and 5 are not co-prime

• 1 and any other positive • 5 and 25 are not co-prime

integer are co-prime
• 10 and 25 are not co-prime

Page 52
1.8 Lowest Common Multiple

Page 53
 Worked Example Your Turn
Find the LCM of 6 and 15 Find the LCM of 6 and 20

Page 54
 Intelligent Practice
Find the LCM of:

1) 5 and 10 10) 28 and 30

2) 10 and 5 11) 30 and 30

3) 20 and 5 12) 30 and 48

4) 20 and 10 13) 36 and 48

5) 20 and 30 14) 24, 36 and 48

6) 4 and 30 15) 240, 360 and 480

7) 5 and 30

8) 7 and 30

9) 14 and 30

Can you spot any patterns between questions and answers? Can
you explain why they occur?

Page 55
 Workout Click here
Fluency Practice
Question 1: (a) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 2.
(b) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 3.
(c) List the @irst three common multiples of 2 and 3.

Question 2: (a) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 4.

(b) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 5.
(c) List the @irst three common multiples of 4 and 5.

Question 3: Write down three common multiples of each of these pairs of numbers.

(a) 2 and 5 (b) 3 and 4 (c) 4 and 6 (d) 10 and 15

(e) 20 and 30 (f) 3 and 5 (g) 6 and 9 (h) 6 and 12

Question 4: (a) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 5.

(b) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 8.
(c) Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 5 and 8.

Question 5: (a) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 6.

(b) Write down the @irst ten multiples of 8.
(c) Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8.

Question 6: Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of each of these pairs of numbers.

(a) 5 and 6 (b) 2 and 7 (c) 3 and 8 (d) 4 and 10

(e) 9 and 4 (f) 6 and 7 (g) 6 and 8 (h) 9 and 12

(i) 15 and 40 (j) 12 and 20 (k) 13 and 4 (l) 18 and 6

(m) 25 and 35 (n) 22 and 33 (o) 16 and 24 (p) 20 and 28

Question 7: Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of each of these sets of numbers.

(a) 2, 3 and 5 (b) 3, 4 and 5 (c) 2, 5 and 7 (d) 5, 6 and 9

(e) 10, 12 and 15 (f) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (g) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 56
 A green light @lashes every 15 seconds.
Question 6: Explain why Charlie is wrong
A blue light @lashes every 21 seconds.
Extension
They have all @lashed at the same time.
After how many seconds will they next all @lash at the same time?

Question
Question 6:
7: Explain
Penny andwhy Charlie
Kenny have is wrong
the same number of football cards.
Penny has sorted her cards into piles of 10.
Kenny has sorted his cards into piles of 18.
Penny has less than 100 cards.
How many football cards do they have?
Question 7: Penny and Kenny have the same number of football cards.
Penny has
Question 8: Jennifer sorted
says that her cards into
the lowest commonpiles of 10.
multiple of two consecutive numbers
Kenny has sorted his cards
is equal to the product of the two numbers. into piles of 18.
Penny hasfour
By trying lessdifferent
than 100pairs cards.of consecutive numbers, explore her theory.
How many football cards do they have?
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Answers

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© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 57
 Frayer Model – Lowest Common Multiple
Definition Characteristics
The smallest integer which is a • Will be greater than or
multiple of two or more equal to the largest of the
positive integers. numbers.

• Often abbreviated to LCM.

• Appears in the times table

of all given numbers.
Examples Non Examples
• LCM (8, 12) = 24 • LCM 4, 6 ≠ 2

• LCM (30, 15) = 30 • LCM 4, 8 ≠ 4

• LCM 3, 7 = 21 • LCM 3, 5 ≠ 1

• LCM (4, 5, 6) = 60

Page 58
 1.9 Prime Factorisation
• In chemistry, the elements on the periodic table make up the
world around us.

• In mathematics, prime numbers are our elements.

• Every number bigger than one, is either prime or is made up of

a product of prime numbers.

Page 59
 Prime Factors
3 is a prime factor of 36 (True / False)

9 is a prime factor of 36 (True / False)

1 is a prime factor of 36 (True / False)

2 is a prime factor of 36 (True / False)

7 is a prime factor of 36 (True / False)

Page 60
 Intelligent Practice
7 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

6 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

5 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

4 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

3 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

2 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

1 is a prime factor of 12 (True / False)

1 is a prime factor of 27 (True / False)

2 is a prime factor of 27 (True / False)

3 is a prime factor of 27 (True / False)

7 is a prime factor of 27 (True / False)

9 is a prime factor of 27 (True / False)

13 is a prime factor of 27 (True / False)

13 is a prime factor of 26 (True / False)

3 is a prime factor of 26 (True / False)

2 is a prime factor of 26 (True / False)

2 is a prime factor of 25 (True / False)

5 is a prime factor of 25 (True / False)

12.5 is a prime factor of 25 (True / False)

Page 61
 Product of Prime Factors
Product of Prime Factors Yes / No ?
9 × 11
19 × 11
19 × 11#
2 × 19 × 11#
2 × 19 × 101#

Page 62
 Intelligent Practice
Product of Prime Factors Yes / No ?
5+7
5×7
4×7
3×7
2×7
1×7
1×7×9
2×7×9
2 × 7 × 11
2 × 7 + 11
2 × 7 × 11 × 21
2 × 7 × 11 × 31
1 × 2 × 7 × 11 × 31
2 × 7 × 7 × 11 × 31
2 × 7# × 11 × 31
2# × 7# × 11 × 31
2& × 7# × 11 × 31
2& × 7# × 11% × 31"
1& × 7# × 11% × 31"
2& × 7# × 11% × 41"

Page 63
 Worked Example Your Turn
Express 24 as a product of Express 48 as a product of
prime factors prime factors

Page 64
 Worked Example Your Turn
Express 40 as a product of Express 80 as a product of
prime factors prime factors

Page 65
 Product of prime factors Product of prime factors
1. 18 2×3! 16. 3! 3!
2. 90 2×3!×5 17. 5! 5!
3. 180 2!×3!×5 18. 15! 3!×5!
4. 60 2!×3×5 19. 900 2!×3!×5!
5. 360 2"×3!×5
# 20. 2" 2"
6. 240 2 ×3×5
21. 10" 2"×5"
7. 24 2"×3
22. 20" 2$×5"
8. 12 2!×3

Page 66
23. 216 000 2$×3"×5"
9. 144 2#×3!
10. 1296 2#×3#
24. 14! 2!×7!
42! 2!×3!×7!
Intelligent Practice

25.
11. 89 89 2!×3#×7!
26. 126!
12. 91 7×13 2"×3$×7"
27. 126"
13. 93 3×31 2#×3%×7#
28. 126#
14. 95 5×19 2& ×3!& ×7&
29. 126$
15. 97 97 3!& ×7&
30. 63$
Extension

Page 67
 Can you find all the unique factor trees for 36?
36 36 36 36

Page 68
Extension

36 36
 Factor Trees
? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Page 69
? ?
Extension

? ?
? ?
? ?
 Worked Example Your Turn
Express 2& × 3 as an ordinary Express 2" × 3 as an ordinary
number number

Page 70
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Workout
Fluency Practice
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Click here
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Question 1: Write each of these numbers as the product of their prime factors.

(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 20 (d) 18 (e) 16 (f) 30 (g) 100

(h) 26 (i) 24 (j) 27 (k) 42 (l) 33 (m) 38 (n) 64

Question 2: Write each of these numbers as the product of their prime factors.
Give your answers in index form.

(a) 36 (b) 40 (c) 28 (d) 48 (e) 80 (f) 200 (g) 75

(h) 32 (i) 105 (j) 81 (k) 52 (l) 242 (m) 108 (n) 500

Question 3: Some numbers have been written as products of their prime factors.
Work out each number.

(a) 2 × 7 (b) 2 × 3 × 5 (c) 2 × 5 × 11 (d) 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

(e) 2² × 5 (f) 3 × 5² (g) 2³ × 3² (h) 3² × 11

(i) 5⁴ (j) 2⁴ × 5² (k) 3³ × 13 (l) 7 × 17²

Question 4: Write each of these numbers as the product of their prime factors.

(a) 9000 (b) 235 (c) 392 (d) 715 (e) 444 (f) 792 (g) 5625

Apply

Question 1: Using the fact that 12 = 2² × 3, write each of the following as the product of
prime factors in index form.

(a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 60 (d) 48 (e) 120 (f) 84

© CORBETTMATHS 2016

Page 71
(a) 600 (b) 150 (c) 900 (d) 3300 (e) 1500 (f)
Extension
Question 3: Ashley has completed his homework.
Can you spot any mistakes?

Question 4: (a) Write 980 as a product of prime factors.

Express your answer in index form.

(b) Find the lowest number by which 980 would need to b

to give a square number.

Question 5: (a) Write 480 as a product of prime factors.

Express your answer in index form.

(b) Find the lowest number by which 480 would need to b

to give a square number.

Question 6: (a) Write 2646 as a product of prime factors.

Express your answer in index form.

(b) Find the lowest number by which 2646 would need to

Page 72
to give a cube number.
 Fill in the Gaps
Number Prime Factor Decomposition Index Form

2×2×3

48

240

2" × 3# × 5

2×2×2×3×3

216

2# × 3#

2×2×3×3×5×5

2×3×5

420

12 600

Page 73
 1.10 Number of Factors
To get the number of factors of a number in prime factorised form,
add one to each power and times the powers together.

Page 74
 Worked Example Your Turn
a) How many factors does 36 a) How many factors does 72
have? have?
b) How many factors does 37 b) How many factors does 73
have? have?
c) How many factors does 38 c) How many factors does 74
have? have?

Page 75
 Fluency Practice
How many factors do each of the following have:

a) 8

b) 10

c) 7

d) 12

e) 20

f) 22

g) 18

h) 50

i) 15

j) 19

k) 30

l) 100

m) 32

n) 24

o) 42

p) 28

q) 66

r) 70

s) 45

t) 60

u) 25

Page 76
Extension

Page 77
1.11 Review and Problem Solving

Page 78
Exactly Four Factors

Page 79
Find the Number

Page 80
Factors of Numbers Number of Factors

Page 81
Maths Venns

Page 82
2 Percentages

Page 83
 Frayer Model – Percentages
Definition Characteristics
A measure of the proportion • Shown by the symbol %.
of one whole, expressed as • Equivalent to fractions
parts per 100. with a denominator of
100.
Examples Non Examples
• Find 20% of… • 0.3
• Increase 37kg by 2.6% • 0.2356
• A sale takes 33% off… • 1.4
• Over its life, the height of a
human increases by an %
•
'
average of 225%
!
•
"

Page 84
2.1 Expressing as Percentages

Page 85
 Worked Example Your Turn
a) Write 15 as a percentage of 30 a) Write 30 as a percentage of 60

b) Write 10 as a percentage of 25 b) Write 20 as a percentage of 50

c) Write 15 as a percentage of 150 c) Write 3 as a percentage of 30

d) Write 10 as a percentage of 80 d) Write 5 as a percentage of 40

Page 86
 Intelligent Practice
1) Write 5 as a percentage of 20

2) Write 50 as a percentage of 200

3) Write 150 as a percentage of 200

4) Write 15 as a percentage of 20

5) Write 5 as a percentage of 40

6) Write 50 as a percentage of 400

7) Write 150 as a percentage of 400

8) Write 15 as a percentage of 40

9) Write 150 as a percentage of 40

10) Write 40 as a percentage of 150

Page 87
 Workout Click here
Fluency Practice
Question 1:

(a) Write £5 as a percentage of £10 (b) Write 5cm as a percentage of 20cm

(c) Write 7 days as a percentage of 10 days (d) Write 27 as a percentage of 50

(e) Write 3g as a percentage of 20g (f) Write 4m as a percentage of 5m

(g) Write 164 as a percentage of 200 (h) Write 130ml as a percentage of 1000ml

Question 2:

(a) Write 6 out of 8 marks as a percentage (b) Write 10kg as a percentage of 40kg

(c) Write 22 as a percentage of 40 (d) Write $15 as a percentage of $75

(e) Write £21 as a percentage of £30 (f) Write €18 as a percentage of €40

(g) Write 20p as a percentage of £1 (h) Write 60cm as a percentage of 2m

Question 3:

(a) Write 3 as a percentage of 8 (b) Write 13 out of 200 as a percentage

(c) Write 7cm as a percentage of 40cm (d) Write $5 as a percentage of $16

(e) Write 19 marks out of 32 as a percentage (f) Write 20 out of 30 as a percentage

Question 4: Give each answer to 1 decimal place

(a) Write 8 as a percentage of 18 (b) Write £1000 as a percentage of £1200

(c) Write 128 as a percentage of 153 (d) Write 5 hours as a percentage of 1 day

(e) Write 394000 people as a percentage of 2490000

© CORBETTMATHS 2017

Page 88
 Apply
Extension
Question 1: Kristina receives £5 from her Grandmother.
She gives £1 to her sister.
What percentage of the £5 did she give to her sister?

Question 2: For every 50 fans at an ice hockey match between Belfast and Cardiff,
20 of the fans support Cardiff.
(a) Work out 20 as a percentage of 50.

1000 fans attend the match between Belfast and Cardiff.

(b) How many Cardiff fans attend the match?

Question 3: Danny scored 13 out of 20 in a quiz.

(a) Work out the percentage of questions Danny answered correctly.

(b) Work out the percentage of questions Danny answered incorrectly.

Question 4: Jake brings 400 cupcakes to a school fête.

He sells 350 of the cupcakes.
Jake says that he has sold over 85% of the cupcakes.

Is Jake correct?

Question 5: A cereal bar weighs 24g.

The cereal bar contains 3.8g of protein.
Work out what percentage of the cereal bar is protein.

Question 6: Hannah scored 60 out of 90 in a French test.

She scored 50 out of 80 in a drama test.
Hannah scored 85 out of 130 in an art test.
She scored 13 out of 20 in a maths test.
Arrange the subject in order from the highest percentage to lowest percentage.

Question 7: Bryan and Ryan are buying a car that costs £15000.
! Bryan pays a deposit of £2000
Expressing
Ryan pays a deposit that is 40% more asthan
a Percentage
Bryan’s deposit.
Video 237 on www.corbettmaths.com
Work out the percentage of total cost that is left to pay.

Question 8: 370 students attend a primary school.

Mrs2017
© CORBETTMATHS Jones says that at least 95% of students attended the school every day.

Is Mrs Jones correct?

Question 9: The population of a town is 4.52 ×10⁴

The number of people that own a goldgish is 1.34 × 10³
Calculate the percentage of the population that own a goldgish.

Answers
Page 89
Maths Venns

Page 90
2.2 Percentages of Amounts

Page 91
Worked Example

Page 92
Your Turn

Page 93
Your Turn

Page 94
Your Turn

Page 95
Fluency Practice

Page 96
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Workout iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Fluency Practice
Click here
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Question 1: Work out the following

(a) 10% of 70m (b) 25% of 16 seconds (c) 10% of 400kg (d) 50% of 26g

(e) 75% of 40ml (f) 1% of £300 (g) 25% of 36 days (h) 50% of 9 days

(i) 75% of 24p (j) 25% of £18 (k) 1% of $6300 (l) 10% of £7

(m) 1% of 60m (n) 75% of 8 miles (o) 1% of 80kg (p) 50% of 1.6km

Question 2: Work out the following

(a) 20% of 30km (b) 5% of £60 (c) 2% of 600m (d) 30% of 70p

(e) 3% of $9000 (f) 40% of 75 seconds (g) 15% of 90 hours (h) 5% of 14kg

(i) 60% of 30km (j) 30% of £40 (k) 70% of 900cm (l) 20% of 13cm

(m) 11% of 420m (n) 26% of 4000m (o) 55% of £8 (p) 15% of 340kg

Question 3: Work out the following

(a) 35% of £800 (b) 6% of 160g (c) 23% of 330cm (d) 52% of 910m

(e) 61% of 1400 (f) 7% of 640GB (g) 45% of 350g (h) 80% of 450 people

(i) 90% of 1250ml (j) 76% of £80,000 (k) 85% of 90 hours (l) 12% of £6

(m) 6% of £20 (n) 11% of 6m (o) 28% of 3km (p) 71% of 4 tonnes

Question 4: Calculate the following

(a) 30% of 245m (b) 5% of 84g (c) 30% of £254 (d) 35% of 82 seconds

(e) 15% of 688kg (f) 45% of 3mm (g) 18% of 25miles (h) 65% of 108ml

(i) 98% of 6m (j) 55% of 18 points (k) 20% of 1.8kg (l) 19% of 705ml

(m) 27% of 84g (n) 63% of 38 seconds (o) 86% of 5km (p) 92% of 80 litres

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 97
 Apply Extension
Question 1: A primary school has 212 students.
50% of the students are boys.
How many of the students are boys?

Question 2: There are 800 fans at a rugby match between Armagh and Malone.
30% of the fans support Malone.
How many fans support Malone?

Question 3: Hannah is paid £280.

She spends 30% on her rent, 25% on food and bills and saves the rest.

(a) How much does Hannah spend on rent?

(b) How much does Hannah spend on food and bills?
(c) How much does Hannah save?

Question 4: There are 220 students in Year 7.

15% cycle to school.
60% are driven to school.
The rest walk to school.

(a) How many students cycle to school?

(b) How many students are driven to school?
(c) How many students walk to school?

Question 5: Fredrick is an estate agent in New York and earns 5% commission on every
property sold. How much will he receive is he sells a ^lat for $830,000?

Question 6: A cake weighs 750g.

40% of the cake is sugar.
Work out how many grams of sugar are in the cake.

Question 7: There are 600 members of a running club.

45% of these members are male.
Work out 45% of 600.

Question 8: Martin gives 40% of £75 to his sister.

How much money does Martin give to his sister?

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 98
!

Percentage of an amount (non-calc)

Extension
Video 234 on Corbettmaths
Question 9: Emma is paid £24,000 each year.
She is given a pay rise of 12%.
Work out 12% of £24,000.

Question 10: Mrs Jones donates 4% of her salary each year to charity.
She is paid £32,400.
Work out how much money she donates to charity.

Question 11: 13% of the people on an island are left handed.

The population of the island is 0.7million.
Work out how many people are left handed.

Question 12: Frank organised a raf^le.

He sells 300 tickets for £5 each.
The prizes cost £400.
He gives 55% of the pro^it to Charity A and 45% of the pro^it to Charity B.
Work out how much each charity receives.

Question 13: Michael is going to buy a car.

The car costs £2400.
He pays a deposit of 20%.
Michael pays the rest of the money over 20 monthly payments.
Work out the cost of each monthly payment.

Question 14: An adult ticket for a museum is £15.00

A child ticket costs 60% of the price of an adult ticket.
Mrs Jenkins and her three children go to the museum.
Mrs Jenkins pays with three £20 notes.
How much change will she receive?

Question 15: Frances and her family go for a meal while on holiday in Florida.
They are told it is normal to tip 15%.

The meal costs $128

Frances tips $16, is this enough?

Answers

Click here
Page 99 © CORBETTMATHS 2018
Maths Venns

Page 100
2.3 Percentage Increase

Page 101
 Worked Example Your Turn
Increase 40 by 20% Increase 90 by 20%

Page 102
 Intelligent Practice
1) Increase 30 by 10% 1) Increase 44 by 5%

2) Increase 30 by 20% 2) Increase 44 by 10%

3) Increase 60 by 20% 3) Increase 44 by 20%

4) Increase 60 by 10% 4) Increase 44 by 50%

5) Increase 74 by 10% 5) Increase 44 by 60%

6) Increase 74 by 50% 6) Increase 88 by 60%

7) Increase 84 by 50% 7) Increase 88 by 30%

8) Increase 84 by 10% 8) Increase 88 by 15%

9) Increase 84 by 5% 9) Increase 88 by 10%

10) Increase 84 by 100% 10) Increase 88 by 110%

Page 103
 Workout Click here
Fluency Practice
Question 1

(a) Increase 20 by 50% (b) Increase 60p by 10% (c) Increase 12g by 25%

(d) Increase 400 litres by 20% (e) Increase 32ml by 75% (f) Increase 70m by 40%

(g) Increase 9000 by 5% (h) Increase £7 by 20% (i) Increase 9kg by 100%

Question 2

(a) Decrease 40 by 10% (b) Decrease 30 hours by 50% (c) Decrease 8kg by 25%

(d) Decrease 55cm by 40% (e) Decrease 64 by 75% (f) Decrease £3 by 10%

(g) Decrease 1400 by 30% (h) Decrease 500g by 3% (i) Decrease 6kg by 5%

Question 3

(a) Increase 80ml by 9% (b) Increase 420g by 70% (c) Decrease 8 by 12%

(d) Decrease £1250 by 38% (e) Increase 6000km by 23% (f) Decrease 48GB by 6%

(g) Increase 204 by 98% (h) Decrease 149mm by 91% (i) Increase 88 by 185%

Question 4

(a) Decrease 90ml by 7.5% (b) Increase £670 by 1.2% (c) Increase 3 by 67.4%

(d) Increase 750cm by 0.8%

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 104
2.4 Percentage Decrease

Page 105
 Worked Example Your Turn
Decrease 40 by 20% Decrease 90 by 20%

Page 106
 Intelligent Practice
1) Decrease 30 by 10% 1) Decrease 68 by 5%

2) Decrease 30 by 20% 2) Decrease 68 by 10%

3) Decrease 60 by 20% 3) Decrease 68 by 20%

4) Decrease 60 by 10% 4) Decrease 48 by 50%

5) Decrease 74 by 10% 5) Decrease 48 by 60%

6) Decrease 74 by 50% 6) Decrease 96 by 60%

7) Decrease 104 by 50% 7) Decrease 96 by 30%

8) Decrease 104 by 10% 8) Decrease 96 by 15%

9) Decrease 104 by 5% 9) Decrease 96 by 10%

10) Decrease 104 by 100% 10) Decrease 96 by 110%

Page 107
(d) Increase 400 litres by 20% (e) Increase 32ml by 75% (f) Increase 70m by 40%

(g) Increase 9000 by 5% Fluency

(h) Increase Practice
£7 by 20% (i) Increase 9kg by 100%

Question 2

(a) Decrease 40 by 10% (b) Decrease 30 hours by 50% (c) Decrease 8kg by 25%

(d) Decrease 55cm by 40% (e) Decrease 64 by 75% (f) Decrease £3 by 10%

(g) Decrease 1400 by 30% (h) Decrease 500g by 3% (i) Decrease 6kg by 5%

Question 3

(a) Increase 80ml by 9% (b) Increase 420g by 70% (c) Decrease 8 by 12%

(d) Decrease £1250 by 38% (e) Increase 6000km by 23% (f) Decrease 48GB by 6%

(g) Increase 204 by 98% (h) Decrease 149mm by 91% (i) Increase 88 by 185%

Question 4

(a) Decrease 90ml by 7.5% (b) Increase £670 by 1.2% (c) Increase 3 by 67.4%

(d) Increase 750cm by 0.8%

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 108
 Apply
Extension
Question 1: Last year, there w 20 students in a class.
This year, there are 30% more students.
How many students are in the class this year?

Question 2: A TV normally costs £520.

In a sale, all prices are reduced by 10%
Calculate the sale price of the TV

Question 3: Over the past 10 years, the population of a town has increased by 25%
The population of the town 10 years ago was 18000
What is the population of the town now?

Question 4: A standard bag of [lour contains 600g of [lour.

A special edition bag contains 35% more [lour.
How much [lour is in the special edition bag?

Question 5: Richard owns a coffee shop.

In February, 4500 hot chocolates were sold.
The number of hot chocolates sold in March was 3% less.
How many hot chocolates are sold in March?

Question 6: Gabriel’s salary is £24500.

Next year he is due to get a 9% increase.
What will his new salary be?

Question 7: Iris spends £40 a month on water.

By changing company, Iris can save 16%.
How much would Iris pay each month?

Question 8: An empty [lowerpot has a mass of 800g.

The mass of the [lowerpot increases to 4kg when [illed with soil.

A different [lowerpot is 25% lighter but holds 40% more soil.

Calculate the mass of this [lowerpot when it is full of soil.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018
Page 109
 Always, Sometimes or Never True
Decrease by 50% followed by an increase of 50% takes you back to
the original.

Page 110
2.5 Percentage Change

Page 111
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate the percentage Calculate the percentage
change: change:
a) Original value: £400 a) Original value: £200
New value: £360 New value: £150

b) Original value: £400 b) Original value: £200

New value: £440 New value: £250

Page 112
 Intelligent Practice
1) Original value: £20 7) Original value: £88
New value: £18 New value: £66

2) Original value: £20 8) Original value: £88

New value: £16 New value: £22

3) Original value: £20 9) Original value: £880

New value: £10 New value: £220

4) Original value: £200 10) Original value: £88

New value: £100 New value: £220

5) Original value: £100 11) Original value: £176

New value: £200 New value: £440

6) Original value: £125 12) Original value: £440

New value: £225 New value: £176

Page 113
 Workout Fluency
Click herePractice

Question 1: In January, a puppy weighed 4kg.

Three months later, the same puppy weighed 5kg.
What was the percentage increase in the puppy’s weight?

Question 2: The number of TVs sold increased from 50 to 60.

Work out the percentage increase.

Question 3: Peter’s weight decreases from 80kg to 72kg

Calculate the percentage decrease in Peter’s weight.

Question 4: A car is travelling at 40 kilometres per hour.

The car increases its speed to 56 kilometres per hour.
Calculate the percentage increase in the speed of the car.

Question 5: Keira buys a coffee table for £120 and sells it for £204.
Work out her percentage proQit.

Question 6: Daisy bought a car for £20,000.

She sold the car for £15,000.
Work out the percentage loss.

Question 7: The population of an island in 2017 was 30,000.

In 2018, the population was 31,500.
Calculate the percentage increase.

Question 8: Rebecca bought a dress for £80.

She later sold it for £116.
Find the percentage proQit.

Question 9: In a sale the price of a football shirt decreases from £50 to £37
Work out the percentage decrease in price.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 114
!

Percentage Change
Extension
Video 233 on Corbettmaths

Question 2: ABCD is a rectangle with length 40cm and width 10cm.

The length of the rectangle is decreased by 40%.
The width of the rectangle is decreased by 20%
Find the percentage decrease in the area of the rectangle.

Question 3: Nancy goes to the Post OfQice to exchange money.

Exchange Rates
£1 : $1.31
£1 : €1.14
*Commission Charged

Nancy changes $759.80 and €342 into pounds sterling.

The Post OfQice deducts their commission and gives Nancy £827.20
What is the percentage commission?

Question 4: The number of visitors to a museum in 2018 was 8.42 × 10⁴

In 2019, the museum had 1.1 × 10⁵ visitors.
Calculate the percentage increase

Question 5: A shop normally sells their goods at 90% above cost price.
In a sale, the shop reduces the prices by 10%
What percentage proQit does the shop make on clothes sold in the sale?

Question 6: Maisie bought a house.

The value of the house decreased by 10% in 2016.
For three consecutive years, 2017, 2018 and 2019 the value of the house
increased.
Each year the percentage increase in value was the same each time.
The value of the house at the end of 2019 was 55.52% more than he paid for
the house.
Calculate the percentage increase in value of the house for each of the three
consecutive years.

Question 7: W is directly proportional to the cube root of X

X is increased by 50%

Work out the percentage increase in W.

Answers

Click herePage 115

© CORBETTMATHS 2018
Maths Venns

Page 116
2.6 Reverse Percentages

Page 117
Fluency Practice

Page 118
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate the original amount: Calculate the original amount:

a) Percentage change: a) Percentage change:

10% decrease 25% decrease
New value: £360 New value: £150

b) Percentage change: b) Percentage change:

10% increase 25% increase
New value: £440 New value: £250

Page 119
 Intelligent Practice
1) % change: 10% decrease 7) % change: 10% increase
New value: £36 New value: £44

2) % change: 20% decrease 8) % change: 10% increase

New value: £32 New value: £88

3) % change: 10% decrease 9) % change: 20% increase

New value: £18 New value: £960

4) % change: 10% decrease 10) % change: 5% increase

New value: £180 New value: £84

5) % change: 5% decrease 11) % change: 1% increase

New value: £190 New value: £808

6) % change: 5% decrease 12) % change: 5% increase

New value: £19 New value: £840

Page 120
Question 2: 30% of the
(b) How members
many of a are
members tennis
notclub are pensioners.
pensioners?
36 members are pensioners.
Workout Click
their here
Question 3:
(a)
Fluency
A group of people sit Practice
driving theory test and 24 people passed.
80%Howof the many members
people passedare thethere in total?
driving theory test.
(b) How many members are not
How many people sat the test altogether? pensioners?
Question 1: 20% of all the children in a class are left handed.
Question
Question 3:
4: 4 children
A
Angroup
energy of are
bar left
people handed.
sit their
contains 2.1g driving theory test and 24 people passed.
of protein.
How
6% ofmany
80% ofthe children
thebar
people are there
passed
is protein. the in the class
driving altogether?
theory test.
How
Whatmany
is thepeople sat the
total mass testbar?
of the altogether?
Question 2: 30% of the members of a tennis club are pensioners.
Question 4:
Question 5: 36 members
An energyisbar
Swansea are pensioners.
contains
a city in Wales.2.1g of protein.
6%
The of the bar is of
population protein.
Swansea is 240,000
(a)
What How many members
This population is 7.5%ofofthe
is the total mass are there
totalin
thebar? total?
population of Wales.
(b)
What How
is themany
totalmembers
population areofnot pensioners?
Wales?
Question 5: Swansea is a city in Wales.
Question
Question 3:
6: A group
The of people
population
Heather invested sit
ofmoneytheirinto
Swansea driving theory
is a240,000
savers test
bank and 24 people passed.
account.
80%
This of
yearthethe
Eachpopulation people passed
is 7.5%
money ofthe
in the the driving theory
total population
account earns 10%test.
of Wales.
interest.
How
After many
What is the
one people
total
year, sat the
population
the total testofaltogether?
amount Wales?
of money in the account was £2200
How much did Heather invest?
4:
Question 6: An energy
Heather bar contains
invested money2.1gintoofa protein.
savers bank account.
Question 7: 6%
Each
A ofyear
chair the bar
is on is protein.
thesale
money
at a in theof
price account
£20.80earns 10% interest.
What
After isathe
This isone total
year,
20% themass
totalofamount
reduction ofthe
thebar?of money
normal in the account was £2200
price.
How
Whatmuch
was the didprice
Heather invest?
of the chair before the reduction?
Question 5: Swansea is a city in Wales.
Question 7:
Question 8: The
A population
chair
The ofatan
is on saleof
population Swansea
a island
price of is 240,000
£20.80
has decreased by 40% over 50 years.
The population in 2018 was 360 population
This population
is a 20% is 7.5%
reduction of the total
normal price. of Wales.
What is
What was
was thethe
total
the population
price of the in
population of Wales?
chair
1968?before the reduction?

Question 6:
Question 8:
9: Heather
The invested
population
Sinead buys ofmoney intohas
an island
a watch. a savers bankby
decreased account.
40% over 50 years.
Each
The yearisthe
20%population
VAT money
addedin 2018in the
to thewas account
price360of theearns
watch.10% interest.
After
Sineadone
What was year,
thenthe
has the
to total
pay aamount
population of of
in 1968?
total £60money in the account was £2200
How
Whatmuch
is thedid Heather
price of the invest?
watch with no VAT added?
Question 9: Sinead buys a watch. © CORBETTMATH
Question 7: A chair
20% VATis is
onadded
sale attoa the
price of £20.80
price of the watch.
This is athen
Sinead 20%has reduction
to pay a of theof
total normal
£60 price.
What was
is thethe price
price of of
thethe chairwith
watch before the reduction?
no VAT added?
© CORBETTMATH
Question 8: The population of an island has decreased by 40% over 50 years.
The population in 2018 was 360
What was the population in 1968?

Question 9: Sinead buys a watch.

20% VAT is added to the price of the watch.
Sinead then has to pay a total of £60
What is the price of the watch with no VAT added?
© CORBETTMATH

Page 121
2.7 Review and Problem Solving

Page 122
% How Close Can You Get

Page 123
% How Close Can You Get

Page 124
Percent Of

Page 125
 Percentage Change
Percentage Change

Use these 12 numbers, once each, in

the gaps below.
10, 20, 25, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100

£ ____ increased by ____ % = £ ____

£ ____ increased by ____ % = £ ____

£ ____ decreased by ____ % = £ ____

£ ____ decreased by ____ % = £ ____

Teach Secondary: Percentage Change www.foster77.co.uk

Page 126
 Worked Example Your Turn
Original Amount: 40 Original Amount: 40
Percentage: 24% Percentage: 72%

As a fraction As a fraction

Percentage of… Percentage of…

Increased by… Increased by…

Decreased by… Decreased by…

Page 127
 Fill in the Gaps

Original As a Percentage Increased Decreased

Percentage
Amount fraction of… by… by….

60 20%

3
60
10

1
60
4

25% 7.5

1
30.75 29.25
40

30 6.75

9
67.5
40

41
300
200

60 72.3 47.7

41
61.5
40

9
60
8

6 0.675

6 24.675

6 −31.35

Page 128
 Q Original amount Percentage change Increase / decrease New amount Change

1 £50 20% Increase £60 + £10

2 £60 20% Increase £72 + £12

3 £72 20% Decrease £57.60 − £14.40

4 £72 25% Decrease £54 − £18

5 £36 50% Increase £54 + £18

6 £108 50% Decrease £54 − £54

7 £54 50% Increase £108 + £54

Page 129
8 £135 20% Decrease £108 − £27

9 £96 12.5% Increase £108 + £12

Fill in the Gaps

10 £96 1.25% Increase £98.40 + £2.40

11 £78.72 25% Increase £98.40 + £19.68

12 £98.40 20% Decrease £78.72 − £19.68

13 £98.40 100% Increase £196.80 + £98.40

14 £196.80 100% Decrease £0 − £196.80

 Worded Questions
Percentages Revision
Section A: Percentage Change 4. A car costs £9,999.90 before VAT (value
added tax). Work out the cost including VAT if
1. The population of a village increased from
it is charged at 20%.
234 to 275 during one year. Find the
percentage increase.
5. Sally’s investment of £450 has gone up by
30%, while Susie’s investment of £650 has
2. When a beaker of sand is dried in a hot oven gone down by 10%. Who now has the larger
its mass reduces from 1.2kg to 870g. Find the amount of money, Sally or Susie?
percentage reduction in its mass.
6. A train company increases its rail fares by 4%
3. A battery was tested and found to power a one year and by 6.5% the following year. Find
the percentage increase in cost over the two
camera for 12 hours before it needed
years.
recharging. An improved version of the
battery powered the camera for an extra 30
minutes. Find the percentage increase in the Section C: Reverse Percentage Problems
life of the batteries.
1. A jacket is reduced by 12% to £66 in a sale.
4. The average cost of a local telephone call Find the original price.
dropped by 8p to 27p. Find the percentage
reduction in the average cost of a local call. 2. A baby’s weight increases by 8% over a month
from birth to 4.05kg, what wasthe weight at
birth?
Section B: Increasing and Decreasing
3. Which product has the greatest original price?
Show your working.
1. In a sale, all the prices are reduced by 30%.
Calculate the sale price of the following items:
a. a bike that cost £250
b. a pair of gloves that cost £3.20

2. In 2004, 180 parents applied to a school for a 4. The air pressure increases by 1.2% to 1,214.4
place for their child. The following year saw mbar. What was the original air pressure?
an increase of 35% in the number of
applications. Find the number of applications 5. A dress in a sale is reduced by 7% to £60.45.
in 2005. What is the original price?

6. A stereo system is sold for £1,998 and an 11%

3. Following the opening of a new supermarket
profit is made. Find the original cost of the
nearby, the number of customers using a stereo.
small store decreased by 21%. If 2,400
customers used to use the store each week, 7. A shop sells a television to a man and makes a
find the number of customers after the store 15% profit. The man sells it to another man
opened. for £414 at a loss of 10%. Find the original
price of the television.

Page 130
3 Probability

Page 131
Your Turn
Could it be a Probability?
0.35674 Yes / No

1.35674 Yes / No

1 Yes / No

1
Yes / No
3

1
− Yes / No
3

Page 132
 Intelligent Practice

0.3 Yes / No 1 Yes / No

−0.3 Yes / No 2 Yes / No

1.3 Yes / No −1 Yes / No

!
0.000003 Yes / No
" Yes / No

0.43045783 Yes / No 1!" Yes / No

1.43045783 Yes / No ! Yes / No

#"

−0.43045783 Yes / No "

! Yes / No

0. 4̇ Yes / No $"
%& Yes / No
0 Yes / No

Page 133
 3.1 Probability Scale
• Probability is a numerical measure of how likely or unlikely an
event is to occur.

• Probabilities are usually written as fractions, but can be written

&
in any form equivalent to that fraction, e.g. = 0.75 = 75%
"

• Probabilities can be anywhere between 0 (impossible) and 1

(certain):

Page 134
 Worked Example Your Turn
Describe using impossible, Describe using impossible,
unlikely, even chance, likely or unlikely, even chance, likely or
certain the probability that: certain the probability that:
a) You will walk to Mars. a) You roll an even number on
b) The day after Monday is a fair die.
Tuesday. b) The day after Monday is
c) You roll a three on a fair die. Wednesday.
d) You flip a tails on a fair coin. c) You roll a number between 1
and 6 on a fair die.
d) You will go to space in your
life.

Page 135
 Workout Fluency
Click here Practice

Question 1: Which phrase from the box best describes the likelihood of each of these events?
You may use each phrase more than one.

(a) Rolling a 9 on an ordinary six sided dice.

(b) A newborn baby being a boy.
(c) A day picked at random ending with the letter y
(d) Getting a tail when a coin is Llipped.
(e) It snowing in London in May.
(f) Rolling a number greater than 1 on an ordinary six sided dice.

Question 2: Which word from the box best describes the likelihood of each of these events?

(a) You throw a coin and get a Heads.

(b) You take a green counter from a bag that only contains black counters.
(c) May 18th 2018 is the day after May 17th 2017.

Question 3: Here are some cards

A card is picked at random.

Which word from the box best describes the likelihood of each of these events?

(a) The card has a blue star on it.

(b) The card has a heart on it.
(c) The card has a shape on it that is symmetrical.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 136
!

Probability Scale
Fluency
Video 251 Practice
on Corbettmaths

Question 4: A fair spinner has six equal sections.

Which word from the box best describes the likelihood of each of these events?

(a) The arrow landing on an even number

(b) The arrow landing on 4.
(c) The number landing on 2.

Question 5: Francesca rolls an ordinary 6-sided dice.

(a) Mark with a cross the probability that Francesca gets an 8.

(b) Mark with a cross the probability that Francesca gets an odd number.

Question 6: A fair 4-sided spinner is spun once.

(a) On the probability scale, mark with a letter A, the probability that the spinner will land
on the number 4.

(b) On the probability scale, mark with a letter B, the probability that the spinner will land
on the number 5.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 137
 Probability Scale
Fluency
Video 251Practice
on Corbettmaths

Question 7: The diagram shows a fair spinner.

(a) Which colour is the arrow least likely to land on?

(b) Mark the probability scale with an arrow to show the probability of landing on white.
Label the arrow, W.

(c) Mark the probability scale with an arrow to show the probability of landing on blue.
Label the arrow, B.

Question 8: A fair six sided dice is rolled once.

Mark the probability of each of the following events onto the probability scale.

A: The dice lands on an even number.

B: The dice lands on the number 5
C: The dice lands on a number less than 5.

Apply

Question 1: Curtis has a fair 6-sided spinner.

The spinner has numbers less than 7 on it.
The number 5 is the least likely number that the spinner will land on.
There is an even chance that the spinner will land on a 3.
It is impossible that the spinner will land on an even number.
Write the numbers on the spinner.

Page 138
 Apply
Extension
Question 1: Curtis has a fair 6-sided spinner.
The spinner has numbers less than 7 on it.
The number 5 is the least likely number that the spinner will land on.
There is an even chance that the spinner will land on a 3.
It is impossible that the spinner will land on an even number.
Write the numbers on the spinner.

Probability Scale
Video 251 on Corbettmaths

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Question 2: Reggie has a bag holding red, white and green counters.
Altogether there are 6 counters in the bag.

The probability scale shows the probability that a counter picked at random will
be white.
It also shows the probability that a counter picked at random will be white.

Show on the probability scale the probability that a counter picked at random
will be green.

Question 3: A school offers students 3 lunchtime clubs each week: hockey, golf and cricket.

(a) Which clubs does Helen attend?

(b) Which of the children attend the cricket club?

(c) Which of the club do the least of the 5 children attend?

(d) Which child attends the most clubs?

Mr White picks one of the 5 children at random

(e) On the probability scale, mark with a cross the probability that he will pick a child that
attends the hockey club.

Answers Page 139

 3.2 Probability of Single Events
The probability of an event occurring is defined as:
Number of desired outcomes
Probability =
Number of possible outcomes

• How many cards in a standard deck of cards?

• How many weeks in a year?

• How many sides on a standard die?

• What are the names of the two sides of a coin?

• Name of each suit in a deck of cards.

• How many aces in pack of cards?

• How many cards in each suit in a pack of cards?

• How many picture cards in a deck of cards?

Page 140
 Worked Example Your Turn

P(yellow) = P(yellow) =

Page 141
 Intelligent Practice
Increase / Decrease / Same? P(yellow) =

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Increase / Decrease / Same? P(yellow) =

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Page 142
 Worked Example Your Turn
A bag of sweets contains only 4 A bag of sweets contains only 8
red sweets, 2 yellow sweets and red sweets, 4 yellow sweets and
4 green sweets. 8 green sweets.
a) What is the probability of a) What is the probability of
choosing a red sweet? choosing a red sweet?
b) What is the probability of b) What is the probability of
choosing a red or yellow choosing a red or yellow
sweet? sweet?
c) What is the probability of c) What is the probability of
choosing a mint? choosing a mint?

Page 143
 Intelligent Practice
A bag of sweets contains only 15 red sweets, 10 yellow sweets and
5 green sweets.

1) What is the probability of choosing a red sweet?

2) What is the probability of choosing a yellow sweet?

3) What is the probability of choosing a green sweet?

4) What is the probability of choosing a purple sweet?

5) What is the probability of choosing a banana?

6) What is the probability of choosing a red or yellow?

7) What is the probability of choosing a yellow or red?

8) What is the probability of choosing a red, yellow, green?

9) What is the probability of choosing a red, yellow, green, or

purple?

Page 144
 Intelligent Practice
A fair dice has faces 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

1) What is the probability of choosing 1?

2) What is the probability of choosing 2?

3) What is the probability of choosing 3?

4) What is the probability of choosing 4?

5) What is the probability of choosing 5?

6) What is the probability of choosing 1 or 2?

7) What is the probability of choosing 1 or 3?

8) What is the probability of choosing 1, 2, or 3?

9) What is the probability of choosing 1, 2, 3, or 5?

Page 145
 Design a spinner by placing numbers in the gaps, so that the probabilities are correct.

Page 146
Extension
 Extension
Number Probabilities

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Use the number square above to help you work out these probabilities.
Write your answers as fractions in their simplest forms.

A number is chosen at random between 1 and 100 (inclusive).

1 a multiple of 10 11 a factor of 24

2 a multiple of 5 12 a factor of 11

3 a multiple of 2 13 a multiple of 11

4 greater than 90 14 a square number

5 less than 5 15 an odd number

6 greater than 5 16 a multiple of 13

7 between 20 and 30 (inclusive) 17 a power of 2

8 a two-digit number 18 a multiple of 3

9 a three-digit number 19 a triangle number

10 a factor of 50 20 a prime number

© Colin Foster, 2003 www.foster77.co.uk

Page 147
 3.3 Mutually Exclusive Events
Mutually exclusive means “cannot happen at the same time”.

Examples

• Turning left or turning right (you cannot turn left and right at
the same time).

• Going to Liverpool at 9am tomorrow, or going to Manchester at

9am tomorrow (you cannot be in two places at once).

Non-Examples

• Turning left and scratching your head can happen at the same
time.

• Kings and hearts, because you can have a king of hearts.

Page 148
 Fluency Practice
Are the following pairs of statements mutually exclusive?

1) Winning a football match AND losing the same football match.

2) Getting the bus AND missing the same bus.

3) Watching a comedy DVD AND watching a romance DVD.

4) Rolling a 2 on a dice AND rolling a number less than 3.

5) Choosing a spade AND choosing a king.

Page 149
 3.4 Exhaustive Events
The probabilities of all possible outcomes add up to 1.

Page 150
 Worked Example Your Turn
Castle FC play football matches Castle FC play football matches
every Saturday. every Saturday.

The table shows the probability The table shows the probability
that Castle FC will win or lose. that Castle FC will win or lose.

a) Work out the probability a) Work out the probability

that Castle FC will lose that Castle FC will lose
Win Lose Win Lose
3 6
4 8

b) Work out the probability b) Work out the probability

that Castle FC will lose that Castle FC will win
Win Lose Win Lose
0.75 0.75

Page 151
 Intelligent Practice
Aiden is a boxer. The table shows the probability that Aiden will win, lose or draw.
Work out the probability that Work out the probability that
Aiden will draw Aiden will draw
Win Lose Draw Win Lose Draw
1 1 0.2 0.2
4 4

Work out the probability that Work out the probability that
Aiden will draw or win Aiden will draw
Win Lose Draw Win Lose Draw
1 1 0.3 0.03
4 4

Work out the probability that Work out the probability that
Aiden will draw Aiden will draw or lose
Win Lose Draw Win Lose Draw
1 2 0.7 0.07
4 8

Castle FC play football matches every Saturday.

In their last 10 matches, Castle FC have drawn 5 matches, lost 2 and won the rest.

Complete the probability table for Castle FC

Win Lose Draw

Castle FC play football matches every Saturday.

In their last 50 matches, Castle FC have drawn 10 matches, lost 5 and won the rest.

Complete the probability table for Castle FC as decimals

Win Lose Draw

Page 152
 Fluency Practice
Mutually Exclusive and Exhaustive Events

1) Here are the probabilities of some events (ℎ) happening, write down the probabilities of the
events not happening (ℎ′):
!
a) #(ℎ) = "# #(ℎ’) = _____ e) #(ℎ) = 98% #(ℎ’) = _____

"
b) #(ℎ) = #(ℎ’) = _____ f) #(ℎ) = 55.5% #(ℎ’) = _____
$

%
c) #(ℎ) = 0.21 #(ℎ’) = _____ g) #(ℎ) = & #(ℎ’) = _____

"%
d) #(ℎ) = 25% #(ℎ’) = _____ h) #(ℎ) = "& #(ℎ’) = _____

2) There are some blue, red, green and purple balls in a bag. Find the probability of a purple
ball being pulled out if these are the probabilities of the other colours:

a)
Blue Red Green Purple
0.2 0.4 0.3
b)
Blue Red Green Purple
35% 21% 40%
c)
Blue Red Green Purple
3 4 6
20 20 20

3) A spinner consists of an outer ring of coloured sectors and an

inner circle of numbered sectors, as shown.
%
a) The probability of getting 2 is '. The probability of
getting 1 or 3 are equal. What is the probability of
getting 3? #(3) = _____
%
b) The probability of getting blue is '. The probability of
% !
getting orange '. The probability of getting green is '.
What is the probability of getting pink? #(pink) = _____

c) Which of these pairs of events are mutually exclusive?

i. Getting 3 AND getting 2 _____

ii. Getting 3 AND getting green _____

iii. Getting 3 AND getting blue _____

iv. Getting blue AND getting pink _____

Page 153
 3.5 Expectation
Expectation is the long-run average you would get if a test was
repeated many times.

If an event has probability 𝑝, the expectation in 𝑛 trials is 𝑛 × 𝑝.

Expectation is used as an estimate for how many times an event

will occur.

Page 154
 Worked Example Your Turn
The relative frequency of a The relative frequency of a
teacher throwing a pen in the teacher throwing a pen in the
bin is 0.5. A teacher throws a bin is 0.5. A teacher throws a
pen 100 times. How many pen 1000 times. How many
throws will be successful? throws will be successful?

Page 155
 Intelligent Practice
1) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is
0.5. A teacher throws a pen 50 times. How many will be
successful?

2) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is

0.1. A teacher throws a pen 50 times. How many will be
successful?

3) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is

1. A teacher throws a pen 50 times. How many will be
successful?

4) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is

0.9. A teacher throws a pen 100 times. How many will be
successful?

5) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is

0.10. A teacher throws a pen 100 times. How many will be
successful?

6) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is

0.15. A teacher throws a pen 100 times. How many will be
successful?

7) The relative frequency of a teacher throwing a pen in the bin is

0.015. A teacher throws a pen 100 times. How many will be
successful?

Page 156
 Worked Example Your Turn
If I roll a fair dice 12 times, how If I roll a fair dice 60 times, how
many times would you expect it many times would you expect it
to land on the number 1? to land on the number 1?

Page 157
 Intelligent Practice
1) If I throw a fair coin 10 times, how many times would you
expect it to land on heads?

2) If I throw a fair coin 20 times, how many times would you

expect it to land on heads?

3) If I throw a fair coin 60 times, how many times would you

expect it to land on heads?

4) If I throw a fair coin 600 times, how many times would you
expect it to land on heads?

5) If I roll a fair dice 600 times, how many times would you expect
it to land on the number 1?

6) If I roll a fair dice 300 times, how many times would you expect
it to land on the number 1?

7) If I roll a fair dice 150 times, how many times would you expect
it to land on the number 1?

8) If I roll a fair dice 750 times, how many times would you expect
it to land on the number 1?

9) If I roll a fair dice 1500 times, how many times would you
expect it to land on the number 1?

10) If I throw a fair coin 1500 times, how many times would you
expect it to land on heads?

Page 158
 3.6 Relative Frequency
In most events, it is difficult to accurately predict the probability of
an event happening.

When there is no theory behind the probability of an event

happening, we use relative frequency to calculate probabilities.

Because it is often calculated after performing experiments, it is

often called experimental probability.

The more trials there are, the more accurate that experimental
probability becomes.

Page 159
 Worked Example Your Turn
A coin is flipped 30 times. The A coin is flipped 20 times. The
results are: results are:

HTHHHHHHTTTHHTT T H T T T T T H H H

TTTHHHTTHHTHTHH H H T H T H H H H H

a) What are the relative a) What are the relative

frequencies for heads and frequencies for heads and
tails? tails?

b) The coin is flipped 300 more b) The coin is flipped 100 more
times. Estimate how many times. Estimate how many
times the coin will land on times the coin will land on
tails. tails.

Page 160
 Relative Frequency

1) Simon records the colour of cars going past his house for an hour. 3) A group of children are asked to write for their favourite food, and child is
picked at random.
Colour Frequency
Favourite Food Number of people
Blue 5
Chinese 20
Red 4
Pizza 16
Yellow 1
Mexican 18
White 7
a) What is the probability the person
Black 3
i) liked Chinese? ii) Didn’t like Mexican best.

a) What is the probability the next car will be ___________ ___________

i) blue ii) red iii) Not black
b) How many people would you expect to like pizza if
___________ ___________ ___________ i) 100 people were asked

b) How many Red cars would you expect if ___________

i) 100 cars went past ii) 60 cars went past
ii) 250 people were asked
___________ ___________
___________
2) Sammy throws a drawing pin 200 times and records how it lands.
iii) 1000 people were asked?

Page 161
Pin up 160 ___________
Pin down 40 iv) 460 people were asked?

a) What is the probability the pin will land ___________

Fluency Practice

i) pin up? ii) pin down

___________ ___________

b) How many pin ups would you expect if the pin was thrown
i) 80 times ii) 320 times iii) 400 times

___________ ___________ ___________

 Workout ClickPractice
here
Fluency
Question 1: An ordinary coin is thrown 50 times.
Barry says “I am going to get heads 25 times and tails 25 times.”
Explain why he could be wrong.

Question 2: A coin is thrown 30 times.

The coin lands on tails 20 times.
What is the relative frequency of the coin landing on tails?

Question 3: A dice is rolled 50 times.

It lands on six 37 times.
(a) Write down the relative frequency of the dice landing on a six.

Robyn says “the dice is biased towards landing on a six.”

(b) Do you think the dice is biased? Explain your answer.

Question 4: Jessica wants to test if a coin is biased.

She throws the coin 24 times.

(a) Complete the relative frequency table.

(b) Do you think the coin is biased? Explain your answer.

Question 5: A biased dice is rolled is rolled 30 times.

3 4 1 3 6 2 6 6 6 5 6 3 6 4 6
1 6 3 4 6 6 2 6 3 6 6 3 6 3 6

(a) Complete the relative frequency table

(b) Do you think the dice is biased? Explain your answer.

© CORBETTMA

Page 162
!

Relative Frequency
Fluency
Video 248 Practice
on Corbettmaths

Question 6: Esme takes the bus to university 40 times during a term.

The relative frequency of the bus being late is 0.3.
How many times was the bus late?

Question 7: Katie rolls a dice 100 times.

The table shows the results

Work out the relative frequency of throwing:

(a) An even number (b) A square number (c) A prime number

(d) A cube number (e) A multiple of 3 (f) A factor of 18

Question 8: A spinner lands of white, black, red or orange.

The relative frequencies after 300 spins are shown in the table below.

(a) How many times did the spinner land on white?

(b) How many times did the spinner land on red?
(c) How many more times did the spinner land on black than orange?

Question 7: Martin and Laura want to estimate how many green jelly beans are in a tub
of 600 jelly beans.
A trial consists of taking a jelly bean at random, noting the colour and replacing
the jelly bean into the tub.

(a) Write down the relative frequency of Martin taking a green jelly bean.
(b) Write down the relative frequency of Laura taking a green jelly bean.
(c) Whose experiment gives the more reliable estimate of the number of green
jelly beans in the tub? Give a reason for your answer.
(d) How many green jelly beans do you expect to be in tub altogether?
© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 163
 Apply Extension
Question 1: Leo plants and grows 50 _lowers.
The table shows information about the colours.

(a) Copy and complete the table.

Altogether, Leo grows 125 _lowers.

(b) How many _lowers would you expect to be yellow?

Question 2: Four students have each written a 2000 word essay.

The spellings are checked for all four students.
The relative frequencies of a spelling mistake for the 4 students are:

Work out the mean number of spelling mistakes made by the four students.

Question 3: There are 70 sweets in a jar.

In a trial, a sweet is chosen at random and then replaced.
The graph shows the relative frequency of a blue sweet.

In the _irst forty trials, twelve blue sweets were chosen.

(a) Plot this result on the graph.

(b) How many blue sweets were chose after 60 trials.
(c) Which is the best estimate, from the graph, of the probability of choosing a blue sweet?
(d) Use your answer to estimate the number of blue sweets in the jar

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

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!

Relative Frequency
Extension
Video 248 on Corbettmaths

Question 4: A coin lands on heads 300 times.

The relative frequency of heads is 0.6
Work out the number of times the coin was _lipped.

Question 5: A three sided spinner is labelled A, B and C.

The spinner is spun and the frequency of the letter A is recorded every 10 spins.
The table below shows this information.

(a) Plot the relative frequencies on the graph below.

(b) Jacob says the relative frequency after 50 spins is 0.8.

Explain why Jacob must be wrong.

Answers

Page 165
Click here
© CORBETTMATHS 2018
Misconceptions

Page 166
3.7 Listing Outcomes

Page 167
 Worked Example Your Turn
List all the ways of arranging the List all the ways of arranging the
letters in the word: letters in the word:
CAT DOG

Page 168
 Worked Example Your Turn
I flip a coin and then roll a six- I flip a coin and then roll a 4-
sided die. List the possible sided die. List the possible
outcomes. outcomes.

Page 169
 Worked Example Your Turn
The first five positive integers The four square numbers are
are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. I choose two 1, 4, 9, 16. I choose two
numbers from this list. Write numbers from this list. Write
down all possible combinations down all possible combinations
of two numbers I can choose. of two numbers I can choose.

Page 170
 Workout Click here
Fluency Practice
Question 1: Emily ?lips a coin twice.
One of the possible outcomes is a tail and a tail (TT)
List all the possible outcomes.

Question 2: Benjamin rolls an ordinary six-sided dice once and ?lips a coin.
List all the possible outcomes.

Question 3: A rugby team plays two matches.

They can win (W), draw (D) or lose (L) each match.
List all the possible outcomes.

Question 4: There are ?ive students in a group: Alison, Beth, Conor, David and Eddie.
Miss Jenkins chooses two students at random from the group to give a
presentation.
List all the possible outcomes.

Question 5: Here are four cards.

Each card has a number on it.

(a) Write down all the 2-digit numbers that can be made using the cards
(b) Write down all the 3-digit numbers that can be made using the cards

Question 6: Marco visits a restaurant with his friends.

Shown is the menu.
Marco chooses one starter, one main and one dessert.
List all possible outcomes.

© CORBETTMATHS 2017

Page 171
 Apply Extension
Question 1: Andrew has attempted his maths homework.
Can you spot any mistakes?

Question 2: Here are four cards.

Each card has a number on it.

Write down all the 3-digit even numbers that can be made using the cards

Question 3: In a restaurant, there are 5 possible pizza toppings:

Chicken, Pineapple, Olives, Mushrooms and Beef.

Freddie picks two different toppings on his pizza

(a) List all possible outcomes

Freddie picks the toppings at random

(b) Write down the probability that the pizza contains meat

Question 4: There are two bags.

Bag 1 contains a red counter and a pink counter.
Bag 2 contains a blue counter, a yellow counter and a white counter.

Sam picks a counter at random from bag 1 and notes its colour
He then places this counter into bag 2.
Sam then picks a counter at random from bag 2.

Write down the probability that Sam picks two counters that are the same colour
© CORBETTMATHS 2017

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Listing Outcomes
Extension
Video 253 on www.corbettmaths.com
Question 5: Heather has made up a game for a school fête to raise money for charity.
There are two boxes of counters.
Each counter has a number on it.

The person playing the game will select one counter

at random from box 1.
They will then select one counter at random from box 2.

(a) Write down all the possible combinations of counters picked.

The person playing the game wins when the numbers multiply to give an odd
number.

During the fête the game is played 300 times.

The game costs 80p to play.
Each prize costs £2

(b) Work out how much money Heather should raise for charity.

Question 6: Ali is having a meal with his friends.

He will either have:

- one starter and one main

or
- one main and one dessert

Shown is the menu

Ali has £10.

List all the possible combinations that Ali cannot afford.

Answers

Click here

Page 173
© CORBETTMATHS 2017
3.8 Sample Space Diagrams

Page 174
 Snail Race
https://www.transum.org/software/SW/SnailRace/

Page 175
 Worked Example Your Turn
I spin these two spinners then I spin these two spinners then
add the numbers together to get add the numbers together to get
a score. a score.
Work out the probability that I Work out the probability that I
get a score of 4. get a score of 4.

3 1 4 1 3 1 4 2

5 3 5 3

Page 176
 Intelligent Practice
I spin these two spinners then add the numbers together to I spin these two spinners then add the numbers together to
get a score. Work out the probability that I get a score of 4. get a score. Work out the probability that I get a score of 7.

3 1 4 2 1 1 4 2
6 5
5 6 3 6

I spin these two spinners then add the numbers together to I spin these two spinners then find the difference between
get a score. Work out the probability that I get a score of 7. the numbers to get a score. Work out the probability that I
get a score of 7.
3 1 4 2 1 1 4 2
2 5
5 6 3 6

I spin these two spinners then add the numbers together to I spin these two spinners then find the difference between
get a score. Work out the probability that I get a score of 7. the numbers to get a score. Work out the probability that I
get a score of 4.
1 1 4 2
6 1 4 2
2 5
3 5 3 6
6

I spin these two spinners then find the product of the I spin the same spinner twice. What is the probability that I
numbers to get a score. Work out the probability that I get a get the same colour on both spins?
score of 4. What is the probability that the colours are not
1 1 4 2 the same? Grey Blue
2 5
3 6 Orange

I spin these two spinners. What is the probability that I get

the same number on both spinners? I spin the same spinner twice. What is the probability that I
get the same colour on both spins?
4 2 What is the probability that the colours are not
1 1 the same? Yellow Blue
2 5 6 Grey
Orange
3

I spin these two spinners. What is the probability that I get

I spin the same spinner twice. What is the probability that I the same colour on both spinners?
get the same number on both spins? What is the probability that the colours are not
the same? Yellow Blue
4 2
Grey Blue Grey
Orange
6 Orange

Page 177
 Worked Example Your Turn
Bag A contains four counters, Bag A contains four counters,
labelled 2, 3, 5 and 7. Bag B labelled 3, 5, 7 and 9. Bag B
contains five counters, labelled contains five counters, labelled
1, 4, 9,16 and 25. A counter is 1, 8, 27 and 64. A counter is
taken from each bag at random taken from each bag at random
and the numbers are added and the numbers are added
together. Draw a sample space together. Draw a sample space
to show all possible scores. to show all possible scores.

Page 178
 Worked Example Your Turn
Two four-sided dice are rolled. Two six-sided dice are rolled.
The numbers on the two dice The numbers on the two dice
are multiplied together. Draw a are multiplied together. Draw a
sample space of the all the sample space of the all the
possible products. possible products.

Page 179
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Fluency Practice
Click here
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Workout iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

Question 1: Two fair six sided dice are rolled.

The numbers on the two dice are added together to give a score.
The table shows all possible scores.

(a) Which score is the most likely?

(b) Which scores are the least likely?

(c) Write down the probability of scoring a

(i) 3 (ii) 5 (iii) 6 (iv) 7

(d) Write down the probability of scoring a number

(i) over 10 (ii) under 7 (iii) 4 or less (iv) 6 or more

(e) Write down the probability of scoring

(i) an odd number (ii) a square number (iii) a prime number

Question 2: Two fair six sided dice are rolled.

The numbers on the two dice are multiplied together to give a score.

(a) Complete the table to show all possible scores.

(b) Write down the probability

(i) 10 (ii) 9 (iii) 12 (iv) 8

(c) Write down the probability of scoring

(i) an even number (ii) an odd number

(iii) a number less than 20

© CORBETTMATHS 2017

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!

Probability: Sample Spaces

Fluency Practice
Video 246 on www.corbettmaths.com

Question 3: Two bags, 1 and 2, each contain three counters.

In bag 1, the counters are labelled 1, 2 and 5.
In bag 2, the counters are labelled 2, 3 and 4.

A counter is drawn at random from bag 1 and a counter

is drawn from bag 2.

The two numbers are multiplied together to give a score

(a) Complete the table to show all possible scores

(b) Find the probability of scoring a 6

(c) Find the probability of scoring a multiple of 4

(d) Find the probability of scoring an odd number

Question 4: Rose is playing a game with a fair six sided dice and a fair coin.
She rolls the dice and Vlips the coin.

If the coin lands on heads, her score is one less than the number on the dice.
If the coin lands on tails, her score is two more than the number on the dice

(a) Complete the table to show all possible scores

(b) Find the probability of scoring a 0

(c) Find the probability of scoring a 5

(d) Find the probability of scoring a number less than 4

(e) Find the probability of scoring a square number

Question 5: Two fair spinners are spun.

Spinner 1 has four equation sections labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Spinner 2 has three equal sections labelled 1, 2 and 3.
Each spinner is spun once.
The score is the difference between the numbers

(a) Complete the table to show all possible scores

(b) Find the probability of scoring a 1

(c) Find the probability of scoring a 2 or more

© CORBETTMATHS 2017

Page 181
 Apply
Extension
Question 1: Adam uses two fair spinners in a game.
He spins both spinners and adds the two numbers together.

(a) Draw a table to show all possible scores

Adam thinks that the probability of an even score is ½

(b) Explain why Adam is incorrect

Question 2: Jessica is playing a game with a fair four sections spinner and a fair coin.
She spins the spinner and Vlips the coin.

If the coin lands on heads, Jessica applies rule 1 to the number on the spinner
If the coin lands on tails, Jessica applies rule 2 to the number on the spinner

The table below shows some information about the scores that Jessica can get.

(a) What could rule 1 be?

(b) What could rule 2 be?

(c) Complete the table

(d) Find the probability that Jessica scores a number less than 15

© CORBETTMATHS 2017

Page 182
!

Probability: Sample Spaces

Extension
Video 246 on www.corbettmaths.com

Question 3: Katie has organised a game to raise money for charity at a local fair.
The person playing rolls two fair six sided dice
The numbers on the dice are multiplied together.

Each person pays £1 to play.

If they score a square number, they win £3
The game is played 180 times.

How much money does Katie raise for charity?

Question 4: Two bags, 1 and 2, each contain equal size counters.

Bag 1 contains a pink counter, yellow counter and white counter

Bag 2 contains counters labelled 1, 4, 5 and 7.

A counter is drawn at random from bag 1 and

a counter is drawn at random from bag 2.

If the counter from bag 1 is pink, the number on the

counter from bag 2 is increased by 1

If the counter from bag 1 is yellow, the number on the

counter from bag 2 is decreased by 5

If the counter from bag 1 is white, the number is halved.

Find the probability of scoring a number below 3

Question 5: A fair dice has six faces numbered 1, 1, 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The dice is rolled twice and the number shown is recorded each time.
Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers recorded is at least 4.

Question 6: A fair six sided dice is rolled twice.

Find the probability that the number obtained on the Virst roll is at least 3
greater than the second roll

Answers

Click here
© CORBETTMATHS 2017 Page 183
3.9 Review and Problem Solving

Page 184
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Workout iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Fluency Practice
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Click here
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Question 1: Theo has 3 red sweets and 2 white sweets.
He picks a sweet at random.

(a) Write down the probability that Theo picks a red sweet.

(b) Write down the probability that Theo picks a white sweet.

Question 2: Leah has 12 cards, each with a shape on it.

She takes a card at random.

(a) What is the probability that Leah takes a card

with a star on it?

(b) What is the probability that Leah takes a card

with a triangle on it?

(c) What is the probability that Leah takes a card

with a circle on it?

Question 3: Ralph has 9 cards, each with a number on it.

He picks a card at random.

Write down the probability that the chosen card is

(a) the number 8 (b) an even number (c) a number less than 7

(d) a multiple of 4 (e) a square number (f) a prime number

Question 4: There are 12 red roses, 5 yellow roses and 3 white roses in a vase.
Felix takes a rose, at random, from the vase.

(a) Write down the probability that he takes a white rose.

(b) Write down the probability that he takes a red or a white rose.
(c) Write down the probability that Felix takes a rose that is not red.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

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!

Probability
Fluency Practice
Videos 244, 245, 250 on Corbettmaths

Question 5: Leon throws a biased coin.

The probability of getting tails is 0.4
Work out the probability of getting heads.

Question 6: Edith plants a daffodil bulb.

The probability that the bulb will grow is 0.8
What is the probability that the bulb will not grow?

Question 7: Wycombe Wanderers play a match of football.

The probability that they win the match is 0.28
The probability that they draw the match is 0.55
Work out the probability that they lose the match.

Question 8: Evelyn has 80 pens in a drawer.

15 pens are black and the other pens are blue.

Evelyn picks a pen at random from the drawer.

(a) What is the probability that Evelyn picks a black pen?

(b) What is the probability that Evelyn picks a blue pen?

Question 9: There are 20 counters in a bag.

2 of the counters are white.

1 of the counters is pink.
4 of the counters are black.
The rest of the counters are purple.

Carter takes a counter at random from the bag.

3
Show that the probability that the counter is white or purple is
4

Question 10: There are only pink, yellow, green and blue counters in a bag.
The table shows the probability that a counter taken at random from the bag
will be pink, green or blue.

(a) Work out the probability that the counter taken is yellow

There are 40 counters in the bag.

(b) Work out the number of blue counters in the bag.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

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!

Probability
Fluency Practice
Videos 244, 245, 250 on Corbettmaths

Question 11: Darcy has a biased spinner.

A spinner has sections labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
The table below shows information about some of the probabilities

Work out the value of x.

Question 12: Frederick organises a rafYle for his school fayre.

The top prize is a ride in a hot air balloon, which will be won by 1 ticket.
Altogether Frederick sells 700 rafYle tickets.
Miss Robinson buys 5 tickets for the rafYle.

Work out the probability that Miss Robinson does not win.

Question 13: There are 20 chocolates in a box.

Some of the chocolates contain nuts and the rest do not.
The probability that a chocolate containing nuts is picked at random from the
box is 0.6
How many of the chocolates in the box contain nuts?

Question 14: A bag contains 600 coloured counters.

The counters are yellow, brown or orange.
There are 117 yellow counters in the bag.
The probability that a brown counter is chosen from the bag is 0.35

Calculate the number of orange counters in the bag.

Apply

Question 1: Megan has a fair 6 sided spinner.

The spinner has the letters A, B and C on it.
1
The probability that the spinner will land on an A is
2

1
The probability that the spinner will land on a C is
3

Write the letters on the spinner.

Page 187
© CORBETTMATHS 2018
 Apply Extension
Question 1: Megan has a fair 6 sided spinner.
The spinner has the letters A, B and C on it.
1
The probability that the spinner will land on an A is
2

! 1
The probability that the spinner will land on a C is
Probability 3

Videos
Write the letters on the244, 245, 250 on Corbettmaths
spinner.

Question 2: Elliott has eight numbered cards. © CORBETTMATHS 2018

One of the cards is chosen at random.

Elliott says:
1
The probability of a 8 is
4
The range of the numbers is 5.
The probability of a number greater than 10 is 0.
1
The probability of a 7 is
2

Fill in the six missing numbers.

Question 3: The two-way table gives information about 90 people who sat their driving test.

(a) Complete the two-way table

A person is picked at random.

(b) Write down the probability that the person

failed their driving test.

(c) Write down the probability that the person

had under 20 driving lessons.

Somebody who passed their driving test is picked at random.

(d) Work out the probability that this person had under 20 driving lessons.

Question 4: Isaac has made two fair spinners.

Spinner 1 has 10 equal sized sections.
Spinner 2 has 4 equal sized sections.

Isaac says

“It is more likely to get a 4 on spinner 1 than

spinner 2 because there are two number 4s on spinner 1
and only one number 4 on spinner 2.”

Explain why Isaac is incorrect.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

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!

Probability
VideosExtension
244, 245, 250 on Corbettmaths

Question 5: The table shows the shoe size of 23 students.

A student is picked at random.

(a) Work out the probability that the student has a shoe size of 8.
(b) Work out the probability that the student has a shoe size of 7 or smaller.

Question 6: A football team can win, draw or lose a match.

The table shows the probabilities of each result.

Each win is worth 3 points.

Each draw is worth 1 point.
Each loss is worth 0 points.
The football team plays 40 games in a season.

Work out how many points the football team should receive in one season.

Question 7: Beatrice has a biased four sided spinner.

The table shows the probabilities that the spinner will land on a 2 or 3.

The probability that the spinner will land on 1 is three times the probability that
the spinner will land on 4.

Work out the probability that the spinner will land on 1.

Question 8: Finn has some sweets in a bag.

5 of the sweets are lemon Ylavoured.
7 of the sweets are strawberry Ylavoured.
The rest of the sweets are mint Ylavoured.
2
The probability that Finn takes a mint Ylavoured sweet is
5

How many mint Ylavoured sweets are in the bag?

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

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!

Probability
Extension
Videos 244, 245, 250 on Corbettmaths

Question 9: Gracie has more than 5 coins.

The total value of the coins is 50p.

Gracie is going to pick one of the coins at random.

1
The probability that Gracie picks a 1p coin is
5

List all the coins that Gracie has.

Question 10: A box contains lego blocks of the same size.

Each block is white, blue, green or red.

The table shows the probabilities that a block picked at random is white, blue or red.

(a) Work out the probability of a green block

There are 60 red lego blocks.

(b) How many white lego blocks are there?

Question 11: A bag contains good and bad apples.

n of the apples are good.
The other 5 apples are bad.

(a) Write down an expression, in terms of n, for the number of apples in the bag altogether.

Maryam will take at random, an apple from the bag.

(b) Write down an expression, in terms of n, for the probability that Maryam will take a good
! apple.
Probability
(c) Write down an expression, in terms
Videos of n,245,
244, for the
250probability that Maryam will take a bad
on Corbettmaths
apple.

Question 12: There are only red, black and green pens in a box.

There are three times as many red pens as green pens.

There are four as many black pens than red pens.

Work out the probability of a black pen being selected.

© CORBETTMATHS 2018

Page 190
Answers
Dice and Cards

Page 191
Dice and Cards

Page 192
Probability with Words

Page 193
Probability with Words

Page 194
Comparing Probabilities

Page 195
Comparing Probabilities

Page 196
Estimated Frequency

Page 197
 Sample space diagram puzzles
Each puzzle is a sample space diagram representing a two spinners being spun. The spinners are both fair, so each outcome has the same probability. The rule to
calculate the score for each spin is different in each puzzle. Complete the sample space diagrams.
1. 2. 3. 4.

× 2 3 + × 1 3 5 2

+ 1 4 10 -6 1

2 12 2

2 5 5 4

18 6

Rule: Add the results of the two Rule: Multiply the results to get your Rule: Add the results to get your Rule: Multiply the results to get your
spinners to get your score. score. score. score.
The probability of getting an even The probability of getting an even
score is 50%. What could the numbers score is 7/16. What could the missing
on the second spinner be? numbers be?

5. 6. 7.

Page 198
The The The probability
× -1 2 + -1 -3 -5 -7 ÷ 3 7
probability of probability of getting a
getting a of getting a recurring
negative score negative decimal is 0.5.
is 10/16. What score is What could the
could the 10/16. 5 missing
missing What could numbers be?
-1 numbers be? 4 the missing 6
numbers
- be?
Sample Space Diagram Puzzle

Rule: Multiply the results to get your score. Rule: Add the results to get your score. Rule: Divide the smaller number by larger.
.

© www.teachit.co.uk 2018 34999 Page 1 of 2