Year 7

Mathematics
Unit 1 – Student

Name: _____________________

Class: ______________________
 Contents
1 Negative Numbers

1.1 Ordering Numbers

1.2 Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers
1.3 Multiplying Negative Numbers
1.4 Dividing Negative Numbers
1.5 Review and Problem Solving

2 Order of Operations

2.1 Same Level Operations

2.2 Addition and Multiplication/Division
2.3 Powers and Roots
2.4 Inserting Brackets
2.5 Review and Problem Solving

3 Algebraic Expressions

3.1 Definitions
3.2 Algebraic Notation
3.3 Forming Expressions
3.4 Collecting Like Terms
3.5 Multiplying Terms
3.6 Dividing Terms
3.7 Algebraic Order of Operations
3.8 Index Laws – Multiplying
3.9 Index Laws – Dividing
3.10 Index Laws – Powers of Powers
3.11 Index Laws – Mixed
3.12 Substitution
3.13 Review and Problem Solving

Page 1
 1 Negative Numbers
Where do we use negative numbers in real life?

• Temperature
• Bank Balance
• Sea Level
• Elevator/Lift
• Golf
• Time Zones

Who discovered negative numbers?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p62QItqtkQA&t=1361s

Do we say minus 𝟒 or negative 𝟒?

Page 2
 1.1 Ordering Numbers
Numbers get smaller as you go down the number line.

20 20 20
19 19 19
18 18 18
17 17 17
16 16 16
15 15 15
14 14 14
13 13 13
12 12 12
11 11 11
10 10 10
9 9 9
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
−1 −1 −1
−2 −2 −2
−3 −3 −3
−4 −4 −4
−5 −5 −5
−6 −6 −6
−7 −7 −7
−8 −8 −8
−9 −9 −9
−10 −10 −10
−11 −11 −11
−12 −12 −12
−13 −13 −13
−14 −14 −14
−15 −15 −15
−16 −16 −16
−17 −17 −17
−18 −18 −18
−19 −19 −19
−20 −20 −20

Page 3
 Worked Example Your Turn
Write the following numbers in Write the following numbers in
ascending order: ascending order:
−2, −4, −3, 5, 0 −7, −9, −8, 6, 0

Page 4
Fluency Practice

Page 5
Maths Venns

Page 6
1.2 Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers

Page 7
 Signs Not Next to Each Other
We will first look at how to add and subtract negative numbers
when the signs are not next to each other.

Page 8
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) 3 − 4 = a) 5 − 7 =

b) −3 + 4 = b) −5 + 7 =

c) −3 − 4 = c) −5 − 7 =

d) −4 + 3 = d) −7 + 5 =

e) −4 − 3 = e) −7 − 5 =

Page 9
Fluency Practice

Page 10
 Signs Next to Each Other
We will now look at how to add and subtract negative numbers
when the signs are next to each other.

Page 11
 Adding Negative Numbers Pattern Spotting
3+5= (−3) + 5 =

3+4= (−3) + 4 =

3+3= (−3) + 3 =

3+2= (−3) + 2 =

3+1= (−3) + 1 =

3+0= (−3) + 0 =

3 + −1 = (−3) + −1 =

3 + −2 = (−3) + −2 =

3 + −3 = (−3) + −3 =

3 + −4 = (−3) + −4 =

3 + −5 = (−3) + −5 =

… …

3 + −12 = (−3) + −12 =

3 + −59 = (−3) + −59 =

Page 12
 Rules

+− → −
−+ → −

Different Signs → −

Page 13
 Adding Negative Numbers Your Turn
1 + (−5) =

−5 + 1 =

−1 + 5 =

−1 + −5 =

−5 + −1 =

Page 14
 Subtracting Negative Numbers Pattern Spotting
3−5= −3 − 5 =

3−4= −3 − 4 =

3−3= −3 − 3 =

3−2= −3 − 2 =

3−1= −3 − 1 =

3−0= −3 − 0 =

3 − −1 = −3 − −1 =

3 − −2 = −3 − −2 =

3 − −3 = −3 − −3 =

3 − −4 = −3 − −4 =

3 − −5 = −3 − −5 =

… …

3 − −12 = −3 − −12 =

3 − −59 = −3 − −59 =

Page 15
 Rules

−− → +
++ → +

Same Signs → +

Page 16
 Subtracting Negative Numbers Your Turn
1−3=

−1 − 3 =

−1 − −3 =

−3 − −1 =

3 − −1 =

Page 17
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) 3 + −4 = a) 5 + −7 =

b) 3 − −4 = b) 5 − −7 =

c) 4 + −3 = c) 7 + −5 =

d) 4 − −3 = d) 7 − −5 =

e) −3 + −4 = e) −5 + −7 =

f) −3 − −4 = f) −5 − −7 =

g) −4 + −3 = g) −7 + −5 =

h) −4 − −3 = h) −7 − −5 =

Page 18
Fluency Practice

Page 19
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 5 + 3 = 10) 3 − −5 =

2) 3 + 5 = 11) −3 − −5 =

3) −3 + 5 = 12) −5 − −3 =

4) 5 + −3 = 13) −5.2 − −3 =

5) −5 + −3 = 14) −5.2 + −3 =

6) −5 + 3 = 15) −1.2 + −3 =

7) −5 − 3 = 16) −1.2 + 3 =

8) −3 − 5 = 17) −1.2 − −3 =

9) 3 − 5 = 18) −1.2 − −5 =

19) 1.2 − 5 =

Page 20
 Think of 2 Numbers
Sum is Positive Sum is Zero Sum is Negative
Positive + Positive
Negative + Negative
Positive + Negative
Negative + Positive

Difference is Difference Difference is

Positive is Zero Negative
Positive - Positive
Negative - Positive
Positive - Negative
Negative - Negative

Page 21
Maths Venns

Page 22
Maths Venns

Page 23
1.3 Multiplying Negative Numbers

Page 24
 Multiplying Negative Numbers Pattern Spotting
3×5= (−3) × 5 =

3×4= (−3) × 4 =

3×3= (−3) × 3 =

3×2= (−3) × 2 =

3×1= (−3) × 1 =

3×0= (−3) × 0 =

3 × (−1) = (−3) × (−1) =

3 × (−2) = (−3) × (−2) =

3 × (−3) = (−3) × (−3) =

3 × (−4) = (−3) × (−4) =

3 × (−5) = (−3) × (−5) =

… …

3 × (−12) = (−3) × (−12) =

3 × (−59) = (−3) × (−59) =

Page 25
 Rules

+×+ → +
+×− → −
−×+ → −
−×− → +

Different Signs → −
Same Signs → +

Page 26
 Multiplying Negative Numbers Your Turn
4 × −5 =

−4 × 5 =

5 × (−4) =

−5 × (−4) =

−5 × −4 × (−3) =

Page 27
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) 3 × −4 = a) 5 × −7 =

b) 4 × −3 = b) 7 × −5 =

c) −3 × 4 = c) −5 × 7 =

d) −3 × −4 = d) −5 × −7 =

e) −4 × 3 = e) −7 × 5 =

f) −4 × −3 = f) −7 × −5 =

Page 28
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) −4 ! = a) −7 ! =

b) −4 " = b) −7 " =

c) −4 # = c) −7 # =

Page 29
Fluency Practice

Page 30
Maths Venns

Page 31
1.4 Dividing Negative Numbers

Page 32
 Dividing Negative Numbers Pattern Spotting
15 ÷ 3 = 15 ÷ (−3) =

12 ÷ 3 = 12 ÷ (−3) =

9÷3= 9 ÷ (−3) =

6÷3= 6 ÷ (−3) =

3÷3= 3 ÷ (−3) =

0÷3= 0 ÷ (−3) =

−3 ÷ 3 = −3 ÷ (−3) =

−6 ÷ 3 = −6 ÷ (−3) =

−9 ÷ 3 = −9 ÷ (−3) =

−12 ÷ 3 = −12 ÷ (−3) =

−15 ÷ 3 = −15 ÷ (−3) =

… …

−36 ÷ 3 = −36 ÷ (−3) =

−81 ÷ 3 = −81 ÷ (−3) =

Page 33
 Rules

+ ÷ + → +
+ ÷ − → −
− ÷ + → −
− ÷ − → +

Different Signs → −
Same Signs → +

Page 34
 Dividing Negative Numbers Your Turn
12 ÷ −2 =

−12 ÷ −2 =

−12 ÷ 2 =

−12 ÷ −2 =

−12 ÷ −2 ÷ −2 =

Page 35
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) 12 ÷ −3 = a) 35 ÷ −5 =

b) 12 ÷ −4 = b) 35 ÷ −7 =

c) −12 ÷ −3 = c) −35 ÷ −5 =

d) −12 ÷ −4 = d) −35 ÷ −7 =

Page 36
Fluency Practice

Page 37
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 2 × 10 = 10) 2 ÷ 10 =

2) 10 × 2 = 11) 10 × 2 × 2 =

3) −10 × 2 = 12) 10 × 2 × −2 =

4) 10 × −2 = 13) 10 × −2 × −2 =

5) −10 × −2 = 14) −10 × −2 × −2 =

6) −10 ÷ −2 = 15) −10 ÷ −2 × −2 =

7) 10 ÷ −2 = 16) 10 ÷ −2 × −2 =

8) −10 ÷ 2 =

9) 2 ÷ −10 =

Page 38
Maths Venns

Page 39
1.5 Review and Problem Solving

Page 40
 Fill in the Gaps
Q Number 1 + 𝐨𝐫 − Amount Number 2
1 8 − 3 =
2 3 − 8 =
3 3 − = −4
4 − 6 = −4
5 −2 − 6 =
6 −2 + 6 =
7 −2 + = 5
8 + 7 = 4
9 −3 + −7 =
10 −3 − = −10
11 −3 − −7 =
12 −3 − = −4
13 − −1 = −4
14 −5 + 1 =
15 −5 + = −6
16 + −1 = 0
17 − −1 = 0
18 −1 − −0.5 =
19 − −0.5 = 0.5
20 + −0.5 = 0.5

Page 41
 Directed Numbers Puzzle

Use these clues to work out the numbers in the grid.

Clues
1. The number in the centre equals - 5 - 3
2. The number that goes in the top right box is 5 less
than -5
3. The number in the bottom left is −3 × −3
4. The number in the top left is the number in the centre
add −3 × −1
5. The number in the middle of the bottom row is 6 less
than the number above it.
6. There is a number 6 in one of the middle row boxes.

Page 42
7. There is a number equal to −4 × −5 next to the box
containing −5
8. When you add up the right hand column you get −27
9. The number below −5 is -6 - 10
Directed Numbers Puzzle

Directed Numbers Puzzle

Use these clues to work out the numbers in the grid.

Directed Target

Page 43
Magic Squares

Page 44
Magic Squares

Page 45
2 Order of Operations

Page 46
Why do we need an Order of Operations?

Page 47
 2.1 Same Level Operations
We will now look at questions where we have to work from left to
right using addition and subtraction or multiplication and division.

Page 48
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) 8 − 3 + 2 = a) 10 − 4 + 1 =

b) 8 × 3 ÷ 2 = b) 9 × 4 ÷ 3 =

Page 49
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 5 + 4 + 3 = 10) 20 × 10 × 2 =

2) 5 − 4 + 3 = 11) 20 ÷ 10 × 2 =

3) 5 + 4 − 3 = 12) 20 × 10 ÷ 2 =

4) 5 − 4 − 3 = 13) 20 ÷ 10 ÷ 2 =

5) 5 − 4 − 3 = 14) 20 ÷ 10 ÷ 2 =

6) 5+4 −3= 15) 20 × 10 ÷ 2 =

7) 5 + 4 − 3 = 16) 20 × 10 ÷ 2 =

8) 5 − 4 + 3 = 17) 20 ÷ 10 × 2 =

9) 5−4 +3= 18) 20 ÷ 10 × 2 =

Page 50
 2.2 Addition and Multiplication/Division
We will now look at questions where we have use addition and
multiplication/division.

“Pencils come in packs of 10. I have 4 full packs and 7 extra pencils.
How many pencils do I have?”

Strategies:
I have 4 packs of 10 pencils plus 7 extra so I do:
4 × 10 + 7 = 47

It is like 5 packs of 10 pencils with three missing so I do:

5 × 10 − 3 = 47

I have 7 pencils plus 4 packs of 10, so I do:

7 + 4 × 10 = 47

In the final example, we do not try to add the 7 and the 4 before
multiplying by 10 because it doesn't make sense to do so. The
context of the question helps them understand this.

Page 51
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
2+3×4= 3+2×4=

Page 52
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 5 × 2 + 3 = 10) 3 × 4 + 6 × 2 =

2) 3 + 5 × 2 = 11) 6 × 2 + 3 × 4 =

3) 4 + 5 × 2 = 12) 6 × 2 + 3 × 4 =

4) 4 + 5 × 3 = 13) 6 × 2 + 3 × 4 =

5) 4 + 5 × 3 = 14) 6 + 2 + 3 × 4 =

6) 4+5 ×3= 15) 6+2×3 ×4=

7) 3 × 4 + 5 =

8) 3 × 4 + 6 =

9) 3 × 4 + 6 =

Page 53
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
6+8÷3= 8 + 12 ÷ 4 =

Page 54
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 4 + 10 ÷ 2 =

2) 4 + 10 ÷ 2 =

$%
3) 4 + !
=

$%
4) +4=
!

$%&#
5) =
!

$% #
6) + =
! !

Page 55
Fluency Practice

Page 56
 2.3 Powers and Roots
We will now look at questions where we have to calculate powers
and roots.

Page 57
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
5 + 3 × 4! = 5 + 4 × 3! =

Page 58
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 4 + 2 × 3! =

2) 4 + 2 × 3! =

3) 4 + 2 × 3 ! =

4) 4+2×3 ! =

5) 4+2−3 ! =

6) 4 + 2 − 3 ! =

!
7) 4 × 2 − 3 =

8) 4×2−3 ! =

Page 59
 Worked Example Your Turn
Calculate: Calculate:
a) 3 × 9 − 16 = a) 3 × 16 − 9 =

b) 25 × 2 + 14 = b) 25 × 2 + 14 =

Page 60
 Intelligent Practice
Calculate:

1) 12 + 4 × 9 = 10) 12! − 9 × 4 =

2) 12 + 4 × 9 = 11) 12! − 9 × 4 =

3) 12 + 4 × 9 = 12) 12! − 9 × 4 =

4) 12 + 4 × 9 =

5) 12 + 4 × 9 =

6) 12 × 4 + 9 =

7) 12 × 4 − 9 =

8) 12 × 4−9 =

9) 12 − 9 × 4 =

Page 61
Fluency Practice

Page 62
 2.4 Inserting Brackets
We will now look at questions where we have to insert brackets to
make the calculation true.

Page 63
 Worked Example Your Turn
Insert brackets to make the Insert brackets to make the
following calculations true: following calculations true:
a) 8 + 4 × 5 − 2 = 20 a) 7 + 3 × 5 − 1 = 49

b) 8 + 4 × 5 − 2 = 58 b) 7 + 3 × 5 − 1 = 40

c) 8 + 4 × 5 − 2 = 26 c) 7 + 3 × 5 − 1 = 19

d) 8 + 4 × 5 − 2 = 36 d) 7 + 3 × 5 − 1 = 21

Page 64
Fluency Practice

Page 65
 Intelligent Practice
Insert brackets to make the following calculations true:

1) 5 + 4 × 2 = 13

2) 5 + 4 × 3 = 22

3) 5 + 4 × 3 = 27

4) 5 + 4 × 3! = 81

5) 5 + 4 × 3! = 41

6) 5 + 4 × 3! = 149

7) 5 + 4 × 3! − 2 = 147

8) 5 + 4 × 3! − 2 = 63

9) 5 − 4 + 3! × 2 = 19

10) 5 − 4 + 3! × 2 = 20

Page 66
2.5 Review and Problem Solving

Page 67
Order of Operating

Page 68
Bracketed

Page 69
BIDMAS

Page 70
BIDMAS

Page 71
Missing Operations

Page 72
Missing Number

Page 73
Directed Number Gaps

Page 74
Directed Number Gaps

Page 75
 3 Algebraic Expressions
Algebra concerns representing missing information.

Put simply, we use letters, known as variables, to represent

numbers.

Usually the value of variables are not initially known, but we hope
to combine available information to find their value.

For example:
• 𝑎 might represent someone’s age this year.
• 𝜃 might represent an unknown angle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p62QItqtkQA&t=2219s

Page 76
 Conventions
• We tend to use single lower case letters for variables, either
using the English alphabet or using the Greek alphabet.

• An algebraic 𝑥 is written using two back to back 𝑐’s. Do NOT

write it as a × symbol.

• Do NOT include the multiplication sign, for example 3 × 𝑝 = 3𝑝

"
• Write division as fractions, for example 3 ÷ p =
'

• Write numbers first in products, for example 𝑝 × 3 = 3𝑝

• Write letters in products in alphabetical order, for example

4 × 𝑞 × 𝑟 × 𝑝 = 4𝑝𝑞𝑟

• 1𝑥 is written simply as 𝑥

Page 77
 3.1 Definitions
• Variable is a letter used to represent an unknown number.

• Coefficient is the number in front of a variable.

• Constant is a number that cannot change its value.

• Term is either a constant, a variable or a constant multiplied by

a variable.

• Expression is terms and operators (+ and −) grouped together.

Page 78
 Worked Example Your Turn
Write down the following for Write down the following for
the expression: the expression:

2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 9 −2𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 9

Variables: Variables:

Coefficient of 𝑥: Coefficient of 𝑎:

Coefficient of 𝑦: Coefficient of 𝑏:

Constant: Constant:

Terms: Terms:

Page 79
 Worked Example Your Turn
Write down the following for Write down the following for
the expression: the expression:

2𝑥 ! − 4𝑥𝑦 − 9 −2𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑏 ! + 9

Variables: Variables:

Coefficient of 𝑥 ! : Coefficient of 𝑎𝑏:

Coefficient of x𝑦: Coefficient of 𝑏 ! :

Constant: Constant:

Terms: Terms:

Page 80
 Intelligent Practice
Question Variables Coefficients Constant Terms

3𝑥 − 9

3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 9

3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 9

3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 9

−3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 9

9 − 3𝑥 − 4𝑦

9 − 3𝑎 − 4𝑏

3𝑎! − 4𝑏! + 9

3𝑎! − 4𝑎 + 9

3𝑎! − 4𝑎

3𝑎! − 4

3𝑎𝑏 − 4

3𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎

3𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎 − 5𝑏

3𝑎! 𝑏 − 4𝑎 − 5𝑏

3𝑎𝑏! − 4𝑎 − 5𝑏

3𝑎𝑏! − 4𝑎𝑏 − 5𝑏

3𝑎𝑏! − 4𝑎! 𝑏 − 5𝑏

3𝑎𝑏! − 4𝑎! 𝑏 − 5𝑎𝑏

3𝑎𝑏! − 4𝑎! 𝑏 − 5𝑎𝑏 − 6

Page 81
3.2 Algebraic Notation

Page 82
 Worked Example Your Turn
Explain what the following Explain what the following
mean: mean:

7𝑥 7𝑎

𝑥𝑦 𝑎𝑏

𝑥𝑦 ! 𝑎𝑏 !

xy ! (𝑎𝑏)!

Page 83
 Intelligent Practice
Explain what the following mean:

1) 3𝑥 10) 5𝑎𝑏 "

2) 3𝑏 11) 5𝑎𝑏 "

3) 𝑎𝑏 12) 5𝑎! 𝑏 "

4) 𝑎𝑏 ! 13) 5𝑎! 𝑏 "

5) 𝑎! 𝑏 ! 14) 5𝑎! 𝑏 ! "

6) 𝑎! 𝑏 15) 5𝑎𝑏 ! "

7) 5𝑎! 16) 10𝑎𝑏 ! "

8) 5𝑎 !

9) 5𝑎𝑏 !

Page 84
 3.3 Forming Expressions
Unscramble the words below to make synonyms of the operations.

Addition + Subtraction − Multiplication × Division ÷

atlot enrmai optcrdu sitlp

smu uderec imset uleqa cesepi

uspl cferefiend pliuetldim evddidi

omre esls tlso of dshrea

goeettalrh hgance raitnocf

xeart suimn

Page 85
 Forming Expressions
‘Four more than a number’

𝑛+4

This letter does not have to be 𝑛. It could be any letter or symbol.

People often use 𝑥. We could write J + 4. We are not going to,
though. That would be silly.

Write the following sentences algebraically:

• A number add 6

• A number add 10

• A number subtract 10

• 8 subtract a number

Page 86
 Forming Expressions
‘Four lots of a number’

4𝑛

We do not tend to use the × symbol in algebra. Instead we write

things next to each other to show multiplication.

Write the following sentences algebraically:

• A number multiplied by 6

• A number multiplied by 10

• 𝑎 multiplied by 𝑏

• 4𝑎 multiplied by 𝑏

• 2𝑎 multiplied by 2𝑏

Page 87
 Forming Expressions
‘A number divided by 5’

𝑛
5

We tend not to use ÷ in expressions. We use fraction notation

(writing a division as a fraction).

Write the following sentences algebraically:

• A number divided by 6

• 6 divided by a number

• A number divided by 6 + 𝑎

• 6 − 𝑎 divided by a number

Page 88
 Worked Example Your Turn
Write an algebraic expression Write an algebraic expression
for each of the following: for each of the following:

3 more than 𝑎 3 less than 𝑎

5 less than 𝑎 𝑎 more than 5

𝑏 multiplied by 𝑎 𝑏 divided by 𝑎

𝑏 multiplied by 𝑎 then squared 𝑏 divided by 𝑎 then squared

Page 89
Fluency Practice

Page 90
 Intelligent Practice
Write an algebraic expression for each of the following:

1) 7 more than 𝑥 11) 𝑥 more than 𝑦

2) 7 less than 𝑥 12) 𝑥 multiplied by 𝑦

3) 9 less than 𝑥 13) 𝑥 divided by 𝑦

4) 9 lots of 𝑥 14) 𝑥 divided by 3

5) 19 lots of 𝑥 15) 𝑥 divided by 3 and then add 2

6) 𝑥 divided by 19 16) 𝑥 divided by 3 and then subtract 2

7) 𝑥 shared between 19 17) 𝑥 lots of 3 and then subtract 2

8) 𝑥 less than 19 18) 𝑥 lots of 3 and then squared

9) 𝑥 less than 3 19) 𝑥 lots of 3 squared

10) 𝑥 less than 𝑦 20) 𝑥 squared and then multiply by 3

Page 91
Extension

Page 92
 Forming Expressions in Context
Often you will be asked to take a ‘real life’ scenario and turn into
mathematical code. For instance

Gummy rings cost 2p per gram, fried eggs cost 3p per gram,
gummy snakes cost 4p per gram.

Find an expression for the total cost of 𝑥 grams of rings, 𝑦 grams of

eggs and 𝑧 grams of snakes.

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧

Notice that the coefficent of 𝑥 (the number in front of 𝑥) stands for

the price of the rings, not the number of them.

Page 93
 Writing Algebraically
Writing Algebraically

Write the calculation in numbers Write the expression in algebra

Ex Becky begins a game with 12 marbles. She wins 3 and Becky begins a game with 𝑥 marbles. She wins 𝑦 and
loses 5. How many marbles does she have at the end of loses 𝑧. How many marbles does she have at the end of
the game? the game?
12 + 3 – 5 = 10 𝒙+𝒚−𝒛

1 In a class of 30 children, 10 have a sister. How many In a class of 𝑎 children, 𝑏 have a sister. How many
children don’t have a sister? children don’t have a sister?

2 There were 30 questions in a spelling test. Megan got There were 𝑥 questions in a spelling test. Megan got 𝑦
25 correct. How many did she get wrong? correct. How many did she get wrong?

3 Lucy went on a journey, going 65 miles by train, 4 miles Lucy went on a journey, going 𝑥 miles by train, 𝑦 miles
by bus, and 3 miles on foot. How far did she travel? by bus, and 𝑧 miles on foot. How far did she travel?

4 Mark buys 3 chocolates bars, each costing 25p. How Mark buys 𝑎 chocolates bars, each costing 𝑏 pence.
much does he spend on chocolate bars? How much does he spend on chocolate bars, in pence?

5 Nihal is 11 years old. His sister is 5 years older. How old Nihal is 𝑥 years old. His sister is 𝑦 years older. How old
is his sister? is his sister?

6 Maddie has 4 cards. Emma has 10 times as many. How Maddie has 𝑎 cards. Emma has 𝑏 times as many. How
many cards does Emma have? many cards does Emma have?

7 Aisha went shopping with £5. She spent £2.50 on a toy Aisha went shopping with 𝑥 pounds. She spent 𝑦
and £1 on a bag of sweets. How much did she have pounds on a toy and 𝑧 pounds on a bag of sweets.
left? How much did she have left, in pounds?

8 Apples cost 15p and bananas cost 10p. Jacob buys 2 Apples cost 𝑎 pence and bananas cost 𝑏 pence. Jacob
apples and 3 bananas. How much does he spend? buys 𝑥 apples and 𝑦 bananas. How much does he
spend, in pence?

9 How far will a car go in 4 hours at 30 miles per hour? How far will a car go in 𝑡 hours at 𝑣 miles per hour?

10 Daniel is 12 years old. Anna is twice as old as Daniel. Daniel is 𝑑 years old. Anna is 𝑐 times as old as Daniel.
Grace is three years younger than Anna. How old is Grace is 𝑏 years younger than Anna. How old is Grace?
Grace?

Page 94
3.4 Collecting Like Terms

Page 95
 Like Terms
Definition Characteristics
Two or more terms, each with • Any variables must be
the same variables, to the identical.
same power or with the same • If variables are multiplied,
function applied. the order listed does not
matter.
• If powers or functions are
used, then the same
power or function must be
used.
Examples Non Examples
• 2𝑥 and 3𝑥 • 2𝑥 and 3𝑦
• 2𝑦 and 3𝑦 • 2𝑦 and 3𝑦 !
• 5 and −2 • 5𝑥 ! and 6𝑥 "
• 𝑑 and 3𝑑 • 3𝑎 and 5𝑏
• 2𝑦 ! and 3𝑦 ! • 3𝑎! 𝑏 and 5𝑎𝑏 !
• −2𝑦 ! and 3𝑦 !
! #
• 𝑥 and 𝑥
" (
• 3𝑎# and 5𝑎#
" $
• 𝑎! 𝑏 and 𝑎! 𝑏
( (
• 3𝑎𝑏 and 5𝑎𝑏
• 3𝑏𝑎 and 5𝑎𝑏
• 3 𝑥 and 5 𝑥

Page 96
 Like Terms
3𝑝 𝑝 Like Unlike
𝑥! 3𝑥 ! Like Unlike
𝑥! 2𝑥 Like Unlike
−3 𝑥 27 𝑥 Like Unlike
7𝑎 7𝑏 Like Unlike

3𝑎 3𝑎 Like Unlike
𝑎 2𝑎 Like Unlike
2𝑎 2𝐴 Like Unlike
−3𝑎 2𝑎 Like Unlike
4𝑎 4𝑏 Like Unlike
3𝑎 3𝑎! Like Unlike
2𝑎! 7𝑎! Like Unlike
−3𝑎! 7𝑎! Like Unlike
2𝑎! 2𝑎)! Like Unlike
2* 𝑎! Like Unlike
𝑥 𝑥 Like Unlike

Page 97
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

𝑎−𝑏+𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏−𝑎+𝑏

3𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 𝑎 + 𝑏 3𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑎 + 𝑏

Page 98
 Intelligent Practice
Simplify:

1) 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 11) 6𝑎 + 5𝑏 − 4𝑎 − 3𝑏

2) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 12) 6𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 4𝑎 − 3𝑏

3) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 13) 6𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 4𝑎 + 3𝑏

4) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 14) 6𝑎 − 5𝑏 + 4𝑎 + 3𝑏

5) 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏 15) −6𝑎 − 5𝑏 + 4𝑎 + 3𝑏

6) 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏 16) −6𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 4𝑎 + 3𝑏

7) 6𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏 17) −6𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 4𝑎 − 3𝑏

8) 6𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏 18) −6𝑎 − 5 − 4𝑎 − 3

9) 6𝑎 + 5𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏 19) −6𝑎𝑏 − 5 − 4𝑎𝑏 − 3

10) 6𝑎 + 5𝑏 − 4𝑎 − 𝑏 20) −5 − 6𝑎𝑏 − 3 − 4𝑎𝑏

Extension

6𝑎 + 5𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑏 + 3 − 3𝑎 + 4𝑏 − 5𝑎𝑏 + 6

Page 99
 Extension
a) Simplify 𝑎 − 2𝑎 + 3𝑎 − 4𝑎 + 5𝑎 − 6𝑎 + ⋯ + 49𝑎 − 50𝑎
b) What happens if the signs switch?
c) Simplify 𝑎 − 2𝑎 + 3𝑎 − 4𝑎 + 5𝑎 − 6𝑎 + ⋯ + 99𝑎 − 100𝑎
d) What generalisations can you make for 𝑛 terms?

Page 100
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

3𝑎! + 2𝑏 ! − 𝑎! + 𝑏 ! 3𝑎! − 2𝑏 ! + 𝑎! + 𝑏 !

3𝑎! − 2𝑎𝑏 ! + 𝑎! + 𝑎𝑏 ! 3𝑎! + 2𝑎𝑏 ! − 𝑎! + 𝑎𝑏 !

Page 101
 Intelligent Practice
Simplify:

1) 𝑎! + 𝑏 ! + 𝑎! + 𝑏 ! 11) 6𝑎! − 5𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎! − 3𝑏𝑎

2) 6𝑎! + 𝑏 ! + 𝑎! + 𝑏 ! 12) 6𝑎! − 5𝑎! 𝑏 − 4𝑎! − 3𝑎! 𝑏

3) 6𝑎! + 5𝑏 ! + 𝑎! + 𝑏 ! 13) 6𝑎! − 5𝑎! 𝑏 − 4𝑎! + 3𝑎! 𝑏

4) 6𝑎! + 5𝑏 ! + 4𝑎! + 𝑏 ! 14) 6𝑎! − 5𝑎! 𝑏 − 4𝑎! + 3𝑎𝑏 !

5) 6𝑎! + 5𝑏 ! + 4𝑎! + 3𝑏 ! 15) 6𝑎! − 5𝑎𝑏 ! − 4𝑎! + 3𝑎𝑏 !

6) 6𝑎! + 5𝑏 ! − 4𝑎! + 3𝑏 ! 16) −6𝑎! − 5𝑎𝑏 ! − 4𝑎! + 3𝑎𝑏 !

7) 6𝑎! + 5𝑏 ! − 4𝑎! − 3𝑏 ! 17) −6 − 5𝑎𝑏 ! − 4 + 3𝑎𝑏 !

8) 6𝑎! − 5𝑏 ! − 4𝑎! − 3𝑏 ! 18) −6𝑎 − 5𝑎𝑏 ! − 4𝑎 + 3𝑎𝑏 !

9) 6𝑎! − 5𝑏 − 4𝑎! − 3𝑏 19) −6𝑎𝑏 − 5𝑎𝑏 ! − 4𝑎𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 !

10) 6𝑎! − 5𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎! − 3𝑎𝑏 20) −6𝑎! 𝑏 − 5𝑎𝑏 ! − 4𝑎! 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 !

Extension

6𝑎! + 5𝑏! − 4𝑎! 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏! − 2𝑎! 𝑏! + 1 − 𝑎! + 2𝑏! − 3𝑎! 𝑏 + 4𝑎𝑏! − 5𝑎! 𝑏! + 6

Page 102
Fluency Practice

Page 103
3.5 Multiplying Terms

Page 104
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

3𝑥 × 5 6𝑥 × 2

3𝑥 × 5𝑥 6𝑥 × 2𝑥

3𝑥 × 5𝑦 6𝑥 × 2𝑦

3𝑥 ! 𝑦 × 5𝑥𝑦 ! 6𝑥𝑦 ! × 2𝑥 ! 𝑦

Page 105
Fluency Practice

Page 106
 Intelligent Practice
Simplify:

1) 3 × 𝑥 11) 8𝑥 ! × 3𝑦

2) 𝑥 × 3 12) 8𝑥 ! × 3𝑥

3) 𝑥 × 𝑦 13) 8𝑥 ! × 3𝑥𝑦

4) 𝑥 × 𝑥 14) 8𝑥 " × 3𝑦

5) 2𝑥 × 𝑥 15) 8𝑥 " 𝑦 × 3𝑥𝑦

6) 2𝑥 × 3 16) 8𝑥 " 𝑦 × 3𝑥𝑦 "

7) 3𝑥 × 2 17) 8𝑥 " 𝑦 × 3𝑥𝑦 " 𝑧

8) 3𝑥 × 2𝑦 18) 8𝑥𝑦 " × 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 "

9) 6𝑥 × 4𝑦 19) 12𝑧𝑦 " × 2𝑧𝑦𝑥 "

10) 8𝑥 × 3𝑦 20) 12𝑧 ! 𝑦 " × 2𝑧 ! 𝑦 ! 𝑥 "

Page 107
3.6 Dividing Terms

Page 108
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

15𝑥 ÷ 5 12𝑥 ÷ 2

15𝑥 ! ÷ 5𝑥 12𝑥 ! ÷ 2𝑥

15𝑥𝑦 ÷ 5𝑦 12𝑥𝑦 ÷ 2𝑦

15𝑥 " 𝑦 " ÷ 5𝑥𝑦 ! 12𝑥 " 𝑦 " ÷ 2𝑥 ! 𝑦

Page 109
Fluency Practice

Page 110
 Intelligent Practice
Simplify:

1) 6𝑥 ÷ 2 +, -- ,
11) ", ,-
2) 6𝑥 ÷ 3
$!, -- ,
12)
+, ,-
3) 6𝑥 ÷ 3𝑥
$!, ,-
+, 13)
4) +, -- ,
",

+,- $!, ,-
5) 14)
", #, -- ,

+,- $!, ,-
6) 15)
"- #, .- /

+, , #, ,-
7) 16) $!, .- /
"-

+, , #, ,-
8) 17)
"- , ., .- /

+, , #, ,- ,/
9) 18)
", , ., .- /

+, ,- , #, ,- ,/
10) 19)
", , ., .- // ,

#/ ,- ,,
20)
., .- // ,

Page 111
Extension

Page 112
 3.7
Algebraic Algebraic
Order Order
of Operations of Operations
Example

Simplify

Multiplication first:
Addition second:

Simplify these expressions

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

11. 12.

13. 14.

15. 16.

17. 18.

19. 20.

21. 22.

23. 24.

25. 26.

Page 113
 Algebraic Order of Operations
Where required, insert brackets to make these identities true.

Example

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Spot the mistake

Identify the errors in these solutions. Can you see how they arrived at their answers? Which one is
correct?

4a + 2a x 7 – 4 4a + 2a x 7 – 4
= 6a x 3 = 4a + 14a – 4
= 18a = 18a – 4
= 14a
4a + 2a x 7 – 4
= 6a x 7 - 4
= 42a – 4
4a + 2a x 7 – 4
4a + 2a x 7 – 4 = 4a + 2a x 3
= 4a + 14a – 4 = 4a + 6a
= 18a - 4 = 10a

Page 114
 3.8 Index Laws – Multiplying
𝑥" × 𝑥!
= 𝑥×𝑥×𝑥 × 𝑥×𝑥
= 𝑥(

𝑥" × 𝑥"
= 𝑥×𝑥×𝑥 × 𝑥×𝑥×𝑥
= 𝑥+

𝑥" × 𝑥#
= 𝑥0

𝑥" × 𝑥1
= 𝑥 "&1

𝑥2 × 𝑥1
= 𝑥 2&1

Page 115
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

𝑥0 × 𝑥. 𝑥3 × 𝑥!

3𝑥 # × 2𝑥 ( 4𝑥 " × 5𝑥 0

Page 116
Fluency Practice

Page 117
Fluency Practice

Page 118
 3.9 Index Laws – Dividing
𝑥( ÷ 𝑥
𝑥(
=
𝑥
𝑥×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥
=
𝑥
#
=𝑥

𝑥( ÷ 𝑥!
𝑥(
= !
𝑥
𝑥×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥
=
𝑥×𝑥
=𝑥 "

𝑥( ÷ 𝑥"
𝑥(
= "
𝑥
= 𝑥!

𝑥( ÷ 𝑥1
𝑥(
= 1
𝑥
= 𝑥 ()1

𝑥2 ÷ 𝑥1
𝑥2
= 1
𝑥
= 𝑥 2)1

Page 119
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

𝑦$! ÷ 𝑦 # 𝑝$# ÷ 𝑝3

12𝑦$$ ÷ 6𝑦 0 56𝑦 # ÷ 8𝑦 !

5𝑦$$ 8𝑦 #
12𝑦 0 56𝑦 !

Page 120
Fluency Practice

Page 121
Fluency Practice

Page 122
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

15𝑥 3 × 2𝑥 " 24𝑥 $%

10𝑥 # 13𝑥 ( × 4𝑥 !

Page 123
Fluency Practice

Page 124
 3.10 Index Laws – Powers of Powers
𝑦" $ = 𝑦"

𝑦" ! = 𝑦" × 𝑦" = 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 = 𝑦+

𝑦" "
= 𝑦" × 𝑦" × 𝑦" = 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 = 𝑦3

𝑦" # = 𝑦$!

𝑦" ( = 𝑦$(

𝑦" 1 = 𝑦 "1

𝑦2 1 = 𝑦 21

Page 125
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

𝑐# ! 𝑐# "

− 𝑐# ! − 𝑐# "

−𝑐 # ! −𝑐 # "

Page 126
Fluency Practice

Page 127
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

3𝑐 # ! 3𝑐 )# !

Page 128
Fluency Practice

Page 129
Fluency Practice

Page 130
3.11 Index Laws – Mixed

Page 131
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

𝑦$$ × 𝑦 ( 𝑥 ( × 𝑥 )!

6𝑦 " × 2𝑦 ( 7𝑥 ( × 8𝑥 )"

𝑦( ÷ 𝑦! 𝑦( ÷ 𝑦#

8𝑦 " ÷ 2𝑦 15𝑦 " ÷ 3𝑦

𝑦" 0 𝑦0 .

3𝑦 # !
5𝑦 # "

Page 132
 Intelligent Practice
Simplify: Simplify:

1) 𝑦$" × 𝑦 # 10) 2𝑥 0 × 5𝑥 #

2) 6𝑦$" × 5𝑦 # 11) 12𝑦 ( × 5𝑥 #

3) 𝑦$" ÷ 𝑦 # 12) 12𝑦 ( ÷ 6𝑦 #

4) 40𝑦 $" ÷ 8𝑦 # 13) 12𝑦 ( ÷ 12𝑦 )#

5) 𝑦$" #
14) 12𝑦 ( !

6) 3𝑦 $" #
15) 12𝑦 )" !

7) 7𝑦 # ÷ 𝑦 ! 16) 12𝑦 )" ÷ 4𝑦 !

8) 7𝑦 # × 𝑦 ! 17) 12𝑦 )" ÷ 4𝑦 )!

9) 7𝑦 # !
18) 12𝑦 )" × 4𝑦 )!

Page 133
 Worked Example Your Turn
Simplify: Simplify:

𝑎+ × 𝑎# 𝑎+ × 𝑎)#
𝑎! 𝑎!

4𝑎+ 𝑏 " ! 2𝑎+ 𝑏 " #

8𝑎( 𝑏 " 12𝑎! 𝑏 "

4𝑎𝑏 0 4𝑎𝑏 0

Page 134
 Intelligent Practice
Simplify: Simplify:

*- × *0 $!, .- ,
1) 10)
*. ", 0- ,

*. $!, .- 1
2) 11)
*- × *0 ", 0- ,

,.
3) *- × *0

$!, .
4)
!* - × "* 0

$!, .
5)
!, - × ", 0

6) 2𝑥 " × 3𝑥 (

7) 2𝑥 " 𝑦 ! × 3𝑥 ( 𝑦 !

8) 12𝑥 + 𝑦 ! × 3𝑥 ( 𝑦 !

9) 12𝑥 + 𝑦 ! ÷ 3𝑥 ( 𝑦 !

Page 135
 3.12 Substitution
When substituting into our expressions, we simply replace our
unknown with whatever we’re asked to substitute in.

Page 136
 Worked Example Your Turn
If 𝑎 = 4, find If 𝑏 = 6, find

3+𝑎 2+𝑏

3𝑎 2𝑏

3𝑎 2𝑏
4 3

𝑎! 𝑏!

3𝑎! 2𝑏 !

Page 137
 Worked Example Your Turn
If 𝑎 = −4, find If 𝑏 = −6, find

3+𝑎 2+𝑏

3𝑎 2𝑏

3𝑎 2𝑏
4 3

𝑎! 𝑏!

3𝑎! 2𝑏 !

Page 138
Fluency Practice

Page 139
 Intelligent Practice
Given that 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −3, 𝑐 = 4, d = −5, find:

11) 𝑎𝑏 21) 𝑎!
1) 𝑏 + 𝑎
12) 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐 22) 𝑏 !
2) 𝑎 + 𝑏
13) 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 23) 𝑑!
3) 𝑎 − 𝑏
14) 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎 24) 𝑐𝑑!
4) 𝑏 − 𝑎

15)
56&* 25) 7𝑑!
5) 7𝑏 − 6𝑎 7

06&+* 26) 7𝑑! + 𝑏 !

6) 6𝑎 − 7𝑏 16) 7
27) 7𝑑! + 6𝑏 !
7) 7𝑎 − 7𝑏 06&+*
17)
7&5
28) 7𝑑! − 6𝑏 !
8) 7(𝑎 − 𝑏)
07&+5
18)
6&* 29) 7𝑑! − 6𝑏 !
9) 7(𝑑 − 𝑐)
06&+5)$
19) 07 ,)+5 ,
10) 7𝑎 − 7𝑏 + 7𝑑 − 7𝑐 6&* 30)
*6)5
6&*
20)
06&+5)$

Page 140
Maths Venns

Page 141
 Frayer Model – Formula
Definition Characteristics

A relationship between • Is a type of equation.

variables, expressed • Must have at least two
algebraically. variables.
• Often refers to particular
things.
Examples Non Examples

• 6𝑏 + 11𝑐 + 15𝑑 = 𝐴 • 2𝑥 + 7
• 𝑧 = 6𝑥 + 11𝑦 • 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 7
• 𝑧 = 6𝑥 + 11 • 𝑧 > 2𝑥 + 7𝑦
• 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 7 • 6𝑏 + 11 = 15𝑏
• 𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 7𝑦 • 6𝑣 + 11
• 𝑎 = 6𝑏 + 11 • 6𝑏 + 11 ≠ 15𝑎
• 𝑧 ! = 2𝑥 ! + 7𝑦
• 15 = 6𝑥 + 11𝑦
• 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 7𝑦

Page 142
Substituting in Formulas

Page 143
Substituting in Formulas

Page 144
3.13 Review and Problem Solving

Page 145
 True or False?
True or False?

! + ! = !% !& = ! × ! × ! 2! × ! = 2!%

! + ! = 2! 3* − * = 2* 3! = 2! + !

! × ! = !% 3! = 2! × ! ! + * = !*

! × ! = 2! 3* − 2 = * 3! × 4* = 7!*

!
! × * = !* !÷2= 3! + 4* = 7!*
2

2! + 1 = 3! * × 3 × ! = 3!* 3! × 4* = 12!*

2! + * = 2!* 2 × ! × ! × * = 2!* % ! + * + 2! = 3! + *

2! × * = 2!* 3* − 3* = * 3 × ! × ! = 6!

Page 146
 Powers of y Eliminator
Powers of y eliminator

Simplify the 31 calculations below, crossing out the corresponding squares in the grid.
When you have finished, the remaining squares will reveal a message.

y6 C y13 Y y100 A y7 0 3y12 R y75 B

2y4 T y20 Y 1 A y22 U y29 H y11 S

y15 I y4 E y18 A y9 P y33 T y19 U

y21 R y16 Q 2y2 C y28 E y5 X y26 I

y64 N y3 R y24 K y2 Y y32 B y23 H

y D y8 M y17 I 2y8 A y30 G y27 G

y10 H y12 J 4y3 W y14 F y36 T y31 S

1. y3 × y2 12. y7 ÷ y6 23. y4(y28 ÷ y2)

2. y5 × y6 13. y16 ÷ y8 24. y3 + 3y3
3. y7 × y2 14. y15 × y9 25. y3(y25 ÷ y5)
4. y3 × y16 15. (y16)2 26. y × y29 × y3
5. (y2)2 16. y8 × y9 × y12 27. 2(y2)4
6. (y3)5 17. y0 × y0 28. 3(y4)3
7. (y4)5 18. y × y10 × y20 29. y0 × (y10)10
8. (y7)2 19. y0 × y2 30. y0(y32 ÷ y16)
9. (y5)15 20. y × (y7)9 31. y4 + (y2)2
10. y8 ÷ y2 21. y2 + y2
11. y16 ÷ y4 22. y28 ÷ y2

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22255 Page 1 of 2

Page 147
 Task 1 – Raising a power to a power

Ex " " 1 5' $ "

3" ! 3" × " !

3" ! ×3" !

3×3×" ! ×" ! 9" #

" "
3" ! = 9" # 5' $ = _____

2 3 !
2! × " %

2*$ ×2*$ ×2*$

Page 148
_____ = _____ _____ = _____
Extension – Can you create question/flowchart of your own?
Raising a Power to a Power
 Task 2 – Raising a power to a power

Ex " 4 "
7" $ ' 7" × " $ " ×' & 10*" / %

7" $ '×7" $ '

7×7×# ! ×# ! ×$×$ 49" ' ' "

" "
7" $ ' = 49" ' ' " 10*" / % = _____

5 6 2% × " " % ×' %

3&'" ×3&'" ×3&'"

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_____ = _____ _____ = _____
Extension – Can you create question/flowchart of your own?
Raising a Power to a Power
Substitute

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