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Computer Concepts QnA

The document outlines the functional units of a digital computer system, including input, output, memory, arithmetic and logic units, control units, and communication pathways. It explains the fundamentals and structure of memory, categorizing it into primary, secondary, and tertiary types. Additionally, it differentiates between computer architecture and organization, and compares RISC and CISC architectures based on their instruction sets and performance characteristics.

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2 views3 pages

Computer Concepts QnA

The document outlines the functional units of a digital computer system, including input, output, memory, arithmetic and logic units, control units, and communication pathways. It explains the fundamentals and structure of memory, categorizing it into primary, secondary, and tertiary types. Additionally, it differentiates between computer architecture and organization, and compares RISC and CISC architectures based on their instruction sets and performance characteristics.

Uploaded by

hideashutosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q: Define the functional units of digital computer system and their introduction.

A: The functional units of a digital computer system refer to the main components responsible for

performing various tasks. These units include:

1. **Input Unit**: Converts user-input data into machine-readable form and sends it to memory.

2. **Output Unit**: Converts processed data into human-readable form.

3. **Memory Unit**: Stores data, instructions, and intermediate results.

4. **Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)**: Performs mathematical calculations and logical operations.

5. **Control Unit**: Manages and coordinates all activities of the computer system.

6. **Communication Pathways**: Facilitate data flow among components.

Each unit has a specific role in ensuring the system functions as a cohesive whole.

Q: Explain the fundamental of memory and structure of memories.

A: **Fundamentals of Memory**:

Memory in a computer system stores data and instructions. It plays a vital role in processing and is

divided into several types based on speed, capacity, and cost.

1. **Primary Memory**: Fast, volatile memory used for active data (RAM, cache).

2. **Secondary Memory**: Non-volatile memory for permanent storage (HDD, SSD).

3. **Tertiary Memory**: Backup storage (optical discs, tape drives).

**Structure of Memories**:

Memory is structured hierarchically to balance speed and cost. At the top are registers and cache,

followed by RAM, and then slower storage devices like SSDs and HDDs.

Q: Explain I/O peripheral devices.

A: I/O peripheral devices facilitate interaction between the computer and its environment. They are
divided into:

1. **Input Devices**: Keyboards, mice, and scanners for entering data.

2. **Output Devices**: Monitors, printers, and speakers for presenting data.

3. **I/O Devices**: Devices like touchscreens and USB drives that perform both input and output

operations.

They are essential for data exchange and user interaction.

Q: Difference b/w computer architecture and computer organization.

A: | **Aspect** | **Computer Architecture** | **Computer

Organization** |

|-------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------

----------------|

| **Definition** | Conceptual design and behavior of the system | Implementation of

the design in hardware |

| **Focus** | High-level system structure and capabilities | Hardware

components and their connections |

| **Concerned With** | What the system does | How the system does it

| **Key Components** | ISA, microarchitecture, system design | ALUs, registers,

buses, control signals, memory layout |

| **Interaction** | Defines how hardware interacts with software | Describes how

hardware components interact with each other |

| **Example** | RISC vs CISC architecture, number of cores | Memory hierarchy,

data flow, and physical layout |

Q: Explain RISC and CISC architecture and also explain the difference b/w them.

A: **RISC**: Reduced Instruction Set Computer emphasizes simplicity and executes instructions in
one clock cycle.

**CISC**: Complex Instruction Set Computer uses powerful instructions that may take multiple

cycles.

| **Aspect** | **RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)** | **CISC (Complex

Instruction Set Computer)** |

|-----------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------

-------------------|

| **Instruction Set** | Small, simple instruction set | Large, complex

instruction set |

| **Performance** | Optimized for speed and pipelining | Optimized for fewer

instructions per program |

| **Power Efficiency** | High | Lower

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