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2DMOF For Quantumn Computing

Researchers have developed a 2D lattice of molecular-spin qubits using Cu(II) porphyrin molecules, enabling control over qubit orientation and localization. This advancement allows for the integration of molecular quantum-information hardware into scalable solid-state architectures for quantum computing. The work demonstrates the potential for creating hybrid classical/quantum processors by maintaining quantum coherence in the qubits within a metal-organic framework.

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6 views2 pages

2DMOF For Quantumn Computing

Researchers have developed a 2D lattice of molecular-spin qubits using Cu(II) porphyrin molecules, enabling control over qubit orientation and localization. This advancement allows for the integration of molecular quantum-information hardware into scalable solid-state architectures for quantum computing. The work demonstrates the potential for creating hybrid classical/quantum processors by maintaining quantum coherence in the qubits within a metal-organic framework.

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robertopugaorrego
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MATERIALS SCIENCES

A 2D Lattice of Molecular Qubits for


Quantum Computing

Scientific
Achievement
Researchers developed a way to
build a 2D lattice of molecular-spin
qubits (quantum bits of information),
with control over qubit orientation
and localization.

Significance
and Impact
Left: A promising vehicle for the realization of a quantum bit of information, or qubit, is the Cu(II) The work enables the integration of
porphyrin molecule (Cu=green, N=blue, O=red, C=gray, H=white). The Cu(II) spin provides the two- molecular quantum-information
level system capable of encoding quantum information. Right: Structure of the 2D metal-organic hardware into the scalable, robust,
framework (MOF) formed upon reaction with Zn(II) ions, as determined by measurements at ALS
solid-state architectures needed for
Beamline 11.3.1.
performing quantum computation.

Hardware for a extremely large numbers of identical


quantum computer qubits could be obtained in one reaction.
grid of regularly spaced and homoge-
However, it also requires the ability to
Quantum computing is a hot topic these neously oriented porphyrin nodes was
maintain control over both the positions
days for good reason: if realized, quantum successfully formed by reaction with
and orientations of the molecules in a
computers could solve problems that are diamagnetic Zn(II) ions. Single-crystal
solid-state device, something that previous
quantitatively and qualitatively beyond x-ray diffraction measurements at ALS
research involving isolated molecules on
what’s possible with today’s classical Beamline 11.3.1 allowed the determina-
surfaces had suggested would be difficult.
computers. By harnessing phenomena such tion of the solid-state structure of the 2D
as wave-function superposition, a quantum MOF. Due the challenging size and
A 2D nanosheet with porphyrin
computer could tackle otherwise intrac- intrinsic stacking of the available crystals,
table problems from cryptography and qubit nodes this was only possible thanks to the ALS’s
financial modeling to artificial intelligence In this work, researchers hypothesized unique capabilities in small-molecule crys-
and the simulation of quantum-realm that the required control could be tallography (now at Beamline 12.2.1).
chemical and nanotech systems. enforced through the periodicity of 2D The quantum coherence of the CuTCPP
While computer scientists are devel- metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with molecule was evaluated both isolated and
oping the necessary software, materials molecular qubits forming the nodes. These as a node in the MOF. The molecule exhib-
scientists are working on hardware. The nodes would consist of porphyrins: ring- ited long spin-lattice relaxation times (T1)
two quantized electron-spin orientations shaped organic molecules with metal ions and phase-memory times (TM), on the
of a magnetic molecule form a natural at their centers. Specifically, they focused order of milliseconds, indicating that
two-level quantum system that could on Cu(II) porphyrin molecules (CuTCPP) CuTCPP is a valid qubit candidate and,
provide the basis for encoding the states that connect through four coordinating more importantly, that its quantum
of a quantum bit of information, or qubit. carboxylic acid groups. coherence is maintained upon insertion
This approach facilitates scalability, in that The targeted 2D MOF with a square into the 2D framework.
Toward integration into confirmed through in situ grazing-inci- similar isolated nanodomains were formed
hybrid architecture dence x-ray scattering (GIXS) performed at microscopically selected locations.
at SOLEIL Synchrotron and electron para- Overall, the work demonstrates the
The researchers also demonstrated magnetic resonance. potential of a framework approach toward
that monolayer nanodomains of the 2D Eventually a protocol was developed the integration of molecular qubits onto
MOF are readily formed at an air-water allowing the direct, in situ formation of solid surfaces with controlled localization
interface. A controlled number of layers of qubit-rich nanodomains over a mica and enforced orientation. Future develop-
these nanodomains can then be trans- substrate that mimics the oxide-layer ments should involve the downsizing of
ferred to a variety of substrates, surfaces found in classical solid-state localization control to tens of nanometers,
preserving the homogeneity and orienta- devices. Topographic observations and which would be necessary to construct
tion of the CuTCPP molecules, as local chemical analyses confirmed that hybrid (classical/quantum) processors.

Left: Structure of the square-grid MOF nanosheet similar to those in the bulk solid material that
form at the air-water interface either in a Langmuir trough (a set-up used to form and deposit single
or multiple monolayers on a solid substrate) or on mica surfaces. Right: Transmission electron
microscope (TEM) image of the MOF nanosheets formed in a Langmuir trough and atomic-force
microscope (AFM) image of the same nanosheets formed locally on mica.

Contact: Olivier Roubeau ([email protected])

Publication: A. Urtizberea, E. Natividad, P.J. Alonso, M.A. Andrés, I. Gascón, M. Goldmann, and
O. Roubeau, “A Porphyrin Spin Qubit and Its 2D Framework Nanosheets,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 28,
1801695 (2018), doi:10.1002/adfm.201801695.

Top: A Bloch sphere is a useful geometrical Researchers: A. Urtizberea (Spanish National Research Council [CSIC], Universidad de Zaragoza,
representation of a two-level quantum and Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Spain); E. Natividad, P.J. Alonso, and O. Roubeau (CSIC
and Universidad de Zaragoza); M.A. Andrés and I. Gascón (Universidad de Zaragoza); and M.
mechanical system. The north and south poles
Goldmann (Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, France).
typically represent the two base states (e.g., 0
and 1). Superpositions of those two states Funding: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Aragón government, and Spanish
are represented by points on the surface of Ministry of Education. Operation of the ALS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
the sphere. Two figures of merit for a quan- Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences Program (DOE BES).
tum-computing system are the spin-lattice
relaxation time (T1) and phase-memory time
Published by the
(TM), corresponding to a loss of information
ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE
about the superposition amplitude θ and phase COMMUNICATIONS GROUP
φ , respectively, as indicated by the red and
purple circles. Bottom: T1 and TM determined for
the CuTCPP nodes in the 2D MOF (diluted to 1%
with ZnTCPP).

382 • 09/18

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