Laser

Very Short Questions

1. What is the principle of laser?
2. Write the characteristics of a laser.
3. What is population inversion?
4. Define Pumping.
5. What is pumping?
6. Write full form Nd:YAG.
7. What is the ratio of spontaneous and stimulated emission rates?
8. Define the term monochromatic.
9. Expand the term laser.
10. What is the stimulated emission?
11. What is the active medium of ruby laser?
12. Write the full form Nd: YAG.
13. Define Non radiative transition.
14. What is the pumping source of the Nd:YAG laser.
15. What is the active medium of a co2 laser?
16. Define symmetric vibration.
17. Define energy state.
18. What is holography and hologram?
19. What is the active medium of Nd:YAG Laser.
20. Name the principle that is used in the construction and reconstruction of a hologram.
Short Questions
1. Give any two differences between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission. 2.
Explain the components of the basic laser system.
3. Explain spontaneous emission with a figure in laser.
4. Explain the principle of Laser.
5. Explain the induced Absorption.
6. Write the difference between ordinary light and laser.
7. Explain the basic concepts in Laser Physics.
8. Explain the types of pumping.
9. Explain the active medium in laser.
10. What is a semiconductor laser?
11. Write the characteristics of a laser.
12. Mention the application of lasers in communication.
13. Explain the vibration mode of the co2 laser.
14. Write the difference between photography and Holography.
15. Write the advantages of laser welding.
16. Write the Application of lasers in science and engineering.
17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of laser surgery?
18. Draw the energy level diagram of the Ruby laser.
19. Draw the energy level diagram of Nd:YAG laser.
20. Write the Advantages of laser cutting.
Long Questions
1. Derive the ratio of spontaneous and stimulated Emission Rates.
2. Calculate how many atoms promoted to the excited state in one second for a 0.001W He-
Ne laser has efficiency of 2%. Assume that all input energy is utilized pumping the atoms
from the ground state to the excited state, Which is 10 ev above the ground state.
3. Find the ratio of population of the two energy states of the laser, the transition between
which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 750 nm. Assume the ambient
temperature as 37 ͦC.
4. Derive the relation between Einstein coefficients.
5. Calculate how many atoms promoted to the excited state in 1 second for a 20 mW He-Ne
laser has efficiency of 2%. Assume that all input energy is utilized pumping the atoms from
the ground state to the excited state, Which is 40 ev above the ground state.
6. Find the ratio of population of the two energy states in a laser, the transition between
which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 6800 A0. Assume the temp.
To be 27 0c.
7. Calculate how many atoms promoted to the excited state in one second for a 30 mW He-
Ne laser has efficiency of 1.5%. Assume that all input energy is utilized pumping the atoms
from the ground state to the excited state, Which is 50 ev above the ground state.
8. Write the characteristics of a laser in detail.
9. Find the ratio of population of the two energy states in a laser, the transition between
which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 650 nm. Assume the temp.
To be 300k.
10. Discuss the component of the laser in brief.
11. Find the ratio of population of the two energy states in a laser, the transition between
which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 0.6 micrometer at room
temp. 12. Discuss the Einstein theory of absorption and emission.
13. Calculate how many atoms promoted to the excited state in one second for a 10 mW He-
Ne laser has efficiency of 1%. Assume that all input energy is utilized pumping the atoms
from the ground state to the excited state, Which is 20ev above the ground state. 14. Derive
relation between Einstein coefficient.
15. Find the ratio of population of the two energy states in a laser, the transition between
which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 698 nm. Assume the temp.
To be 27 0c.
16. Write a short note on lasers in material processing.
17. Explain the working and construction of Co2 laser (without vibration modes). 18. Explain
the characteristics of lasers.
19. Write a short note on application lasers in various fields.
20. Explain the working and construction of He-Ne laser.
21. Explain the laser heat treatment.
22. Write a short note on holography.
23. Explain the characteristics of Laser.
24. Explain the construction and working of Nd:YAG laser.
25. Explain the process, application and advantages of laser cutting.
26. Write the short note on He-Ne Laser.
27. Explain the method of construction and reconstruction of a hologram. 28. Write the short
note on holography.
29. Explain the laser welding process and application of laser in welding.
Optical Fiber
Very Short Questions
1. Define Critical angle.
2. Write the reflective index of water.
3. Define Optical fibre system.
4. Define Numerical aperture of an optical fibre.
5. What is the principle of optical fibre?
6. Define acceptance angle for an optical fibre.
7. Define acceptance angle for an optical fibre.
8. Define reflective index.
9. Define frequency.
10. What is relation between numerical aperture and acceptance angle? 11. What is the mode
of optical fibre?
12. Write a name of any materials which is use for making optical fibre. 13. Define
Bandwidth.
14. Define PCS fibre.
15. Define reflection.
16. What is reflective index?
17. Define refraction.
18. Write the value of diameter of core and cladding for multimode step index. 19. Define
critical angle.
20. What is band width?
Short Questions
1. Explain the total internal reflection.
2. Enlist the advantages of an optical fibre?
3. What are fibre materials?
4. Write the condition for total internal reflection.
5. Define Numerical aperture of an optical fibre.
6. Write difference between single mode optical fibre and multimode optical fibre. 7. What is
Kevlar? What is the purpose of Kevlar in optical fibre? 8. Why we use optical fibre?
9. What is the purpose of cladding in optical fibre?
10. Write difference between step index optical fibre and graded index optical fibre. 11.
Write difference between step index optical fiber and graded index optical fiber. 12. Write the
advantages of plastic fibre.
13. Why we use optical fiber?
14. What are the important components of a fibre optics communication system? 15. Enlist
the types of optical fibers based on material.
16. Why reflective index of core is greater than cladding.
17. What is graded index?
18. Give the core and cladding sizes for single mode and multi-mode fibre. 19. Explain the
laser propagation in optical fibre.
20. Explain the modes of optical fibre.
Long Questions
1. Explain the construction of an optical fibre.
2. Explain the types of optical fibre based on material.
3. The refractive index of core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.54 and 1.5
respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture of the optical fibre.
4. Explain the advantages of an optical fibre.
5. Explain the fibre cable construction.
6. An optical fibre core and cladding have refractive indexes of 1.545 and 1.495 respectively.
Calculate the critical angle, acceptance angle and numerical aperture.
7. Derive the derivation of Acceptance angle.
8. Explain the basic principle of an optical fibre.
9. An optical fibre has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and a cladding refractive index of 1.55.
Determine the acceptance angle for the fibre in water has a refractive index 1.33.
10. Write the short note on optical fibre communication system.
11. Derive the formula for numerical aperture and acceptance angle of an optical fibre. 12.
Calculate the refractive indices of the core and cladding material of a fibre.( Given, NA= 0.22
and relative refractive index difference is 0.012)
13. What is numerical aperture? Derive the equation for it.
14. Write Short note on construction of an optical fibre.
15. The refractive index of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.54 and
1.5 respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture of the optical fibre.
16. Write the difference between step index fibre and graded index fibre. 17. Write the short
note on fibre material.
18. Explain fibre optics communication link with diagram.
19. Explain the different types of fibre based on material.
20. With the neat diagram explain the fibre optics communication system. 21. Explain the
propagation of light through an optical fibre.
22. Write the short note fibre optics communication system.
23. Explain the different types of fibre based on step index.
24. Explain the transmission of light through an optical fibre.
25. Explain the PCS, SCS and PCP fibre.
26. List out the difference between step index and graded index.
27. Explain the different types of fibre based on configurations, with their application. 28.
Explain the different types of fibre based on mode of propagation.
29. Explain the multimode step index fibre.
30. List out the difference between step index and graded index.