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Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that enables systems to learn from data, improving performance through pattern recognition and decision making. It includes types such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, with common algorithms like linear regression and decision trees. Successful machine learning projects depend on effective data preparation, model selection, and evaluation metrics.

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5 views2 pages

ML

Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that enables systems to learn from data, improving performance through pattern recognition and decision making. It includes types such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, with common algorithms like linear regression and decision trees. Successful machine learning projects depend on effective data preparation, model selection, and evaluation metrics.

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Computer Science Notes: Introduction to Machine Learning

1. What is Machine Learning?


 A subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that allows systems to learn from data.
 Improves performance without explicit programming.
 Involves pattern recognition and decision making.
2. Types of Machine Learning
 Supervised Learning:
 Uses labeled data.
 Examples: Linear Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines (SVM), k-NN
 Unsupervised Learning:
 Uses unlabeled data.
 Examples: Clustering (K-Means), Dimensionality Reduction (PCA)
 Reinforcement Learning:
 Learns through rewards and penalties.
 Example: Game AI, Robotics
3. Common Algorithms
 Linear Regression: Predicts continuous value.
 Logistic Regression: Classification problem.
 Decision Trees: Tree-like model of decisions.
 k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN): Classifies based on proximity.
 Support Vector Machine (SVM): Finds optimal boundary.
 Naive Bayes: Probabilistic classifier.
 K-Means Clustering: Unsupervised grouping of data.
4. Model Evaluation Metrics
 Accuracy: Correct predictions / Total predictions.
 Precision: True Positives / (True Positives + False Positives).
 Recall: True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives).
 F1 Score: Harmonic mean of precision and recall.
 Confusion Matrix: Table layout for prediction outcomes.
5. Overfitting vs Underfitting
 Overfitting: Model performs well on training data but poorly on new data.
 Underfitting: Model performs poorly on both training and test data.
 Solutions: Cross-validation, Regularization
6. Tools and Libraries
 Python Libraries: Scikit-learn, Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib
 Advanced Tools: TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch
7. Applications of Machine Learning
 Email Spam Filtering
 Image and Speech Recognition
 Predictive Analytics
 Medical Diagnosis
 Recommendation Systems (e.g., Netflix, Amazon)
Summary
 Machine Learning is revolutionizing industries.
 Learning algorithms and data preparation are key to success.
 Real-world ML projects require understanding of data, model selection, and evaluation.

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