Example

Consider the configuration of a system of four charges each of value +q.

Find the work done by external agent in changing the configuration of
the system from figure (i) to fig (ii).

+q +q +q

a
a
+q +q

+q +q
+q
a
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
 Example

Find work done in transferring charge +Q from C to D via semicircular

path CRD centered at B.

+𝒒 +𝑸 −𝒒

𝑨 𝑪 𝑩 𝑫
𝑳 𝑳
 Example

Find expression of electric field, if expression of electric potential

𝐕
depends on x, y and z as 𝐕 = 𝐚𝟑𝟎 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 𝟑 𝐳

𝑽 ෡
Ans : 𝑬 = − 𝒂𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟑 𝒛𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝒋Ƹ + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒌
 Example

𝐤
If 𝐕 = − 𝐫𝟐 , where k is constant, find electric field in the region.

𝟐𝒌
Ans : 𝑬𝒙 = − 𝟑
𝒓
 Example
Find out following
D
(i) VA – VB
Uniform electric
(ii) VB – VC field E = 20 N/C
C
(iii) VC – VA 2cm
A B
(iv) VD – VC
2cm
(v) VA – VD
(vi) Arrange the order of potential for points A, B, C and D.
 Example
A rod of length  is uniformly charged with charge q. Calculate potential
at point P.
𝒒
+++ +++++ r
P
ℓ
 Example
A rod of length  is uniformly charged with charge q. Calculate potential
at point P.
𝒒
+++ +++++ r
P
ℓ
Potential due to a ring
(i) Potential at the centre of uniformly charged ring:

q,R
dq

R
Potential due to a ring

(iv) Potential at the axis of a ring:

dq

R
P
x
 Potential due to uniformly charged disc

P
x
r r
p
dr
x
 Potential due to uniformly charged disc

P
x
r r
p
dr
x
Potential Due To Uniformly Charged Spherical shell
Potential Due To Uniformly Charged Solid Sphere
Potential Due To Uniformly Charged Solid Sphere
 Example
Two hollow concentric non-conducting spheres of radius the a and b (a >
b) contain charges Qa and Qb respectively. Prove that potential difference
between the two spheres is independent of charge on outer sphere. If
outer sphere is given an extra charge, is there any change in potential
difference?
Qa
Qb

b a
Equipotential surfaces (E.P.S.)
Properties of equipotential surface

Electric field intensity is always perpendicular to 𝑬𝑷𝑺.

Work done in moving a charge from one point of EPS to other point of
EPS is always zero.

Two EPS can never intersect each other.

 Equipotential surfaces for different type of charged bodies

(i) Point charge: V2

Equipotential surfaces are concentric and V1

spherical as shown in figure. In figure, we can q

R1
see that sphere of radius R1 has potential V1 R2
throughout its surface and similarly for other
concentric sphere potential is same.
 Equipotential surfaces for different type of charged bodies

(ii) Line charge:

Equipotential surfaces have curved surfaces V2

as that of coaxial cylinders of different radii.
V1
 Equipotential surfaces for different type of charged bodies

(iii) Uniformly charged large conducting / non conducting sheets:

Equipotential surfaces are parallel planes.
V1 V2 V3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 Example

Some equipotential surfaces are shown in figure. What can you say
about the magnitude and the direction of the electric field ?
y(cm)

37° 37° 37° 37°

10 20 30 40 x(cm)
 Example

Figure shows some equipotential surfaces produce by some charges. At

which point, the value of electric field is greatest?

(40 V)
(50 V)

(30 V)
(20 V)
B

C
A

Ans : point B.
 Example
There is uniform electric field parallel to x axis. Find work done by
electric field in moving a charge +q from
(a) A to B (b) B to C (c) A to D

(𝒂, 𝒂)

𝑶 (𝟑𝒂, 𝟎)
𝑨 (𝒂, 𝟎) (𝟐𝒂, 𝟎)
(𝟎, 𝟎)
𝑪 E

𝑫
(𝟐𝒂, −𝒂)