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Electromagnetic Waves: Physics Short Notes For JEE Mains & JEE Advanced

The document provides concise notes on electromagnetic waves, focusing on Maxwell's equations, which describe the fundamental principles governing electric and magnetic fields. It includes equations for intensity, energy density, and radiation pressure, along with the electromagnetic wave equation. Additionally, it discusses the dependence of intensity on distance for different types of sources.

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ayan422005
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16 views2 pages

Electromagnetic Waves: Physics Short Notes For JEE Mains & JEE Advanced

The document provides concise notes on electromagnetic waves, focusing on Maxwell's equations, which describe the fundamental principles governing electric and magnetic fields. It includes equations for intensity, energy density, and radiation pressure, along with the electromagnetic wave equation. Additionally, it discusses the dependence of intensity on distance for different types of sources.

Uploaded by

ayan422005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Smart Short Notes

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Physics Short Notes For


JEE Mains & JEE Advanced
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1
Physics Smart Short Notes

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
E0 ERMS E
FOUR MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS = = =c
B0 ERMS B
q
1.  E  ds =  0
INTENSITY OF EM WAVES

Relates to Gauss's law for electric fields, indicating The average intensity of a wave (Iav) is related to the
the flux of the electric field through a closed electric and magnetic field amplitudes.
surface is proportional to the charge enclosed. Instantaneous energy density (u) and average energy
density (uav) equations describe the energy carried by
2.  B  ds = 0 the wave at a point.
Represents Gauss's law for magnetism, stating that E0 B0 E2 cB 2
the magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero I av = U av  c = = 0 = 0
2 0 2c0 20
(no magnetic monopoles).
1 B2 B2
u = 0E2 + 0 = 0E2 =
d d 2 2 0 0
3.  E  dl = − dt  B =−
dt 
B  ds
1 B2  E2 B2
uav =  0 E0 2 + 0 = 0 0 = 0
4 4 0 2 2 0
Faraday's Law of Induction, stating that a time-
Energy = (momentum)  c or u = Pc
varying magnetic field induces an electric field.
 d E  RADIATION PRESSURE
4.  B  dl = 0 ( IC + I D ) = 0  IC +  0 dt 
Describes the pressure exerted by electromagnetic
waves when absorbed or reflected completely.
Ampère-Maxwell Law, showing that a time-
varying electric field or current creates a magnetic Radiation pressure =
Intensity
(When the wave is completely absorbed)
field. c
2(Intensity)
Radiation pressure = (When the wave is completely reflected)
DISPLACEMENT CURRENT c

d d  E  ds CdV INTENSITY DEPENDENCE ON DISTANCE


ID = 0 E =  0 =
dt dt dt Intensity varies inversely with the square of the
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EQUATION distance (1 / r 2 ) for a point source and inversely with
the distance (1/ r ) for a line source. For a plane source,
E y = E0 sin(t − kx) and Bz = B0 sin(t − kx)
intensity is constant and not dependent on distance.
Electric Field (Ey) and Magnetic Field (Bz)
equations represent the sinusoidal variation of
fields in electromagnetic waves.
Wave Speed: The speed of electromagnetic waves
1
in a vacuum is cvacuum = , while in a medium it
0  0
1
is cmedium = .
 r 0 r  0
2

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