Unit-08 Math Ced
Unit-08 Math Ced
f‚wgKv
MwYZ GKwU weg~Z© welq| Bnvi GKwU wbR¯^ fvlv Av‡Q| G fvlv cÖZxKg~jK| cÖZxK
(Symbol) Ggb GKwU wPý hv †Kvb aviYv‡K ms‡¶‡c cÖKvk K‡i| MwY‡Zi mgm¨v
mgvavb Ges ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wnmve wbKvk Kg©Kv‡Û cÖZxK¸‡jv e¨eüZ nq| Z_¨ I
mgm¨v Dc¯’vc‡b MvwYwZK cÖZxK I fvlv e¨eüZ nq| G¸‡jv MvwYwZK Dw³ bv‡g
cwiwPZ| MwY‡Zi Z_¨vewj‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk KivB nj †jLwPÎ| †jLwPÎ GK
ai‡Yi MwY‡Zi cÖZxK| GB cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ MwY‡Zi Z_¨ Ges m¤úK© DfqB cÖKvk
Kiv nq|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ msL¨v cªZxK, cÖwµqv wPý, m¤úK© wPý I eÜbx wPý wPb‡Z I e¨envi
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ msL¨v ivwk wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ myZivs, AZGe Ges †h‡nZz Gi cÖZxK wPb‡Z I e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ MvwYwZK Dw³, †Lvjv evK¨,mZ¨ Dw³ I wg_¨v Dw³ wPb‡Z I ej‡Z
cvi‡eb
♦ A¶i m¤^wjZ ev‡K¨i / †Lvjv ev‡K¨i mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ wbw`©ó wbq‡g e„w× cvq Ggb K‡qKwU msL¨vi †hvMdj msw¶ß wbq‡g wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
MvwYwZK cÖZxK
mvaviYZ Pvi ai‡bi MvwYwZK cÖZxK MwY‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq:
cÖwµqv wPý + − × ÷
†hvM we‡qvM ¸Y fvM
eÜbx wPý () {} []
cÖ_g wØZxq Z…Zxq
eÜbx eÜbx eÜbx
Dc‡ii MvwYwZK cÖZxK¸‡jv j¶ Kiæb Ges cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Kiæb: GKwU K‡i
†`Lvb nj|
msL¨v ivwk : 45 + 12 × 3 − 5
GwU GKwU msL¨v ivwk| KZK¸‡jv msL¨v‡K cÖwµqv wPý Øviv hy³ Ki‡j msL¨v ivwk
ˆZwi nq|
msL¨vivwk iƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i mgvavb Kiæb : (GKwU K‡i †`Lvb nj))
MvwYwZK Dw³
30 + 3 = 11 × 3
†h evK¨ MwY‡Zi cÖZxK I fve cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K MvwYwZK evK¨ ejv nq| †hgb 2+3 =
5, X>5 BZ¨vw`| Dw³ ej‡Z Ggb evK¨ eySvq hv‡K mZ¨ ev wg_¨v mwVKfv‡e ejv hvq|
wb‡Pi Dw³ ¸‡jv mZ¨ bv wg_¨v Zv hvPvB Kiæb: GKwU K‡i †`Lvb nj|
L) 272+102>321-31+70
M) 480÷24+60≠(480÷24)+60
N) 375÷25 225÷15+10
O) (70+0)÷7 <70+(0÷7)
MvwYwZK evK¨:
+ 7 = 21 K × 7 = 21
Dc‡ii H¸‡jv †Lvjv evK¨| cÖ_gwU GKwU msL¨vi cwie‡Z© cÖZxK e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxqwU‡Z GKwU msL¨vi cwie‡Z© A¶i cÖZxK ÔKÕ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evK¨ `ywU †Lvjv
evK¨ weavq mZ¨ ev wg_¨v wKQyB ejv hv‡”Q bv| cÖZx‡Ki cwie‡Z© msL¨v emv‡j MvwYwZK
Dw³ cvIqv hv‡e|
+7 = 21 †Lvjv evK¨ K × 3 = 21
8 + 7 = 21 wg_¨v Dw³ 5 × 3 = 21
14 + 7 = 21 mZ¨ Dw³ 7 × 3 = 21
wb‡Pi cÖ‡Z¨K †Lvjv ev‡K¨ Gi cwie‡Z© 5 ewm‡q Dw³ MVb Kiæb| Dw³wU mZ¨
bv wg_¨v Zv hvPvB Kiæb: (GKwU K‡i †`Lv‡bv nj)
K) +11 = 15 + 11 = 15 ∴ 5+11 = 16
16 ≠ 15 ∴ Dw³wU wg_¨v
L) × 3+2 = 17
M) × 11+3 = 53
N) (15 − ) ÷ 10 = 1
O) + 3 < 10
avivevwnK †hvM:
1+2+3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 50 = KZ ?
mgvavb Kiæb:
∴ K = 1+2+3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +49+50
Avevi, K = 50+49+48+ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . +2 + 1
K+K = 51+51+51+ +51+51
ev, 2K = 51 × 50 (cÂvkwU GKvbœ)
ev, 2K = 2550
2550
ev, K =
2
= 1275
K Gi mgvavb:
GLv‡b msL¨v¸‡jv cÖwZ av‡c 4 e„w× †c‡q‡Q Ges †gvU e„w× = 80 − 8 = 72
myZis av‡ci msL¨v = 72 ÷ 4 = 18
myZivs 18 +1 = 19 wU msL¨v †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
K = 8+12+16+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +80
K = 80+76+72+ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . +8
ev, 2K = 88+88+88+ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . + 88
ev, 2K = 88 × 19 = 1672
ev, K = 1672 ÷ 2 = 836
AZGe, 8+12+16+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 80 = 836
DËi: 836
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1
1| mwVK DËiwUi ev‡g wUK () wPý w`b|
K) eÜbx wPý †KvbwU ? +/ ( )/ >/ 3
L) m¤úK© wPý †KvbwU ? 7/ { }/ =/ +
M) cÖwµqv wPý †KvbwU ? </ ×/ { }/ 0
N) msL¨v cÖZxK †KvbwU ? ÷/ =/ ( )/ 4
2| N‡i mwVK fv‡e m¤úK© wPý ( = ev > ev < ) emvb †hb Dw³wU mZ¨ nq:
K) 23+12 33 -17
M) 57×43 129 × 19
O) (72÷12)×3 72 ÷ (12×3)
K) 25 2 = 10 5
L) 24 4 = 32 4
M) 9 3=6 2
N) 28 4=4 3
O) 8 6 = 10 5
4| bx‡Pi †Lvjv e‡K¨ Gi cwie‡Z© 6 ewm‡q Dw³ MVb Kiæb, Dw³wU mZ¨ bv
wg_¨v Zv hvPvB Kiæb:
K) + 9 = 15 + ÷3
L) × 4 = 12 ×2
M) (52 - 22) ÷ = 30 ÷
N) (20 - )÷2=8÷4
O) × 3 > 17
P) + 3 > 11 +
Q) ÷2+10 <20÷5+11
6| wb‡Pi Dw³¸‡jv mZ¨ bv wg_¨v hvPvB Kiæb Ges Dw³i †k‡l mZ¨/wg_¨v wjLyb:
wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-151
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq
K) (200+15+7) × 2 = 400+40+4
L) 349-(43-30) = 42 × 8
M) 625 × 3 < 625 × 3
N) (24÷6) × 9 = 39÷13+(3×4)
O) ⋅125 + ⋅475 = 6 ÷10
P) 2.3 × 10 > 24
Q) (329-29) ÷ 20 < 90÷6+2
7| cÖwµqv wPý I m¤úK© wPý e¨envi K‡i wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv cÖKvk Kiæb:
K) 1 †_‡K 10 ch©šÍ µwgK msL¨vi †hvMd‡ji 2 ¸Y, 10 I 11 Gi ¸Yd‡ji
mgvb|
L) 2400 I 1500 Gi †hvMdj 350Gi 10 ¸‡Yi mgvb|
M) 625 Gi 5 ¸Y 3100 †_‡K †QvU bq|
N) 20 †K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i 5 w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡j Zv 20 Gi 5 ¸Y‡K 4 w`‡q fvM
Ki‡j mgvb n‡e|
9| 12+22+32+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + x3 = KZ
10| 13+23+33+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + x3 = KZ
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ RbmsL¨vi wfwËK DcvË wb‡q ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvKu‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ cÖ`Ë ¯Í¤¢ †jL †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ AvniY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ RbmsL¨v wfwËK DcvË wb‡q wK fv‡e ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvKu‡Z nq Zv wk¶v_©x‡`i
wkLv‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ RbmsL¨v, QvÎmsL¨v,wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡, wewfbœ wel‡qi b¤^i, dm‡ji
cwigvY BZ¨vw` mgRvZxq DcvË e¨envi K‡i ¯Í¤¢ †jL AsK‡bi †KŠkj
wk¶v_©x‡`i †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ ¯Í¤¢‡jL †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ AvniY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i Gai‡bi
Z_¨ Avni‡Yi †KŠkj †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|
1g †kªYx =
2q †kªYx =
3q †kªYx =
4_© †kªYx =
5g †kªYx =
QwewU †`Lyb| GKwU cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji 5g †_‡K 1g †kªYx ch©šÍ 5wU †kªYxi wk¶v_©x‡`i
cwigvb ev msL¨v †`Lvb n‡q‡Q| wPÎwU †`L‡jB †h †KD ej‡Z cvi‡e GB we`¨vj‡q
†Kvb ‡kªYx‡Z KZ Rb QvÎx Av‡Q| Avcwb ejyb‡Zv −
1g †kªYx 2q †kªYx
3q †kªYx 4_© †kªYx
5g †kªYx
aiv hvK, GB wP‡Î †hgbwU †`L‡jb Avm‡j QvÎx msL¨v Zvi †P‡q 10 ¸Y †ekx A_©vr 1g
†kªYx‡Z QvÎx Av‡Q 200 Rb, 2q †kªYx‡Z 100 Rb| ejyb‡Zv 3q , 4_© I 5g †kªYxi
QvÎxi msL¨v KZ? nu¨v GmsL¨v ¸‡jvI h_vµ‡g 130 Rb, 70 Rb I 50 Rb n‡e|
wKš‘ Avv‡Mi c„ôvi g‡Zv GKwU Qwe AuvKv Lye mnR n‡e bv| GKm‡½ GK c„ôvq 550
R‡bi Qwe AuvK‡Z ïay mgqB bv hvqMvI jvM‡e|†m QwewU w`‡q welqwUI A_©c~Y©fv‡e
cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv n‡j Dcvq? nu¨v Dcvq GKUv Av‡Q Zvnj cÖwZwU Qwei Rb¨ hw`
10 Rb QvÎx aiv hvq Zv n‡jB mgm¨i mgvavb cvIqv hv‡e| Zvn‡j Qwei g‡a¨ †Kv_vI
wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e ( Qwe‡Z GKwU Qwe n‡e cÖZxK = 10 Rb QvÎx aiv n‡q‡Q)
Gfv‡e Qwei gva¨‡g †Kvb msL¨v eySv‡bvi Ges Zzjbvg~jK cÖKv‡ki e¨e¯’v nj wPÎ w`‡q
†jLv ms‡¶‡c †jLwPÎ|
wKš‘ mgm¨vi mgvavb GLv‡bB bq| mevB †hgb Qwe AvuK‡Z cv‡ibv| Qwe AvuK‡Z †Zgb
mgqI †Zv Kg jv‡M bv| ZvB Ab¨fv‡e Zzjbv Kivi KZv fveyb| c‡ii QwewU †`Lyb|
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
3q †kªYx‡Z KZ QvÎx
2q †kªYx‡Z KZ Rb QvÎx
Gfv‡e ¯Í¤¢ Gu‡K Zzjbv Ki‡j Zv‡KB ejv nq ¯Í¤¢ †jL| msL¨v hw` 10 ¸Y eySv‡Z PvB
Zvn‡j Qwei wb‡P wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e cÖwZ N‡ii Rb¨ 10 Rb| j¶¨ Kiæb GLv‡b Qwe‡Z
cÖwZN‡i Rb¨ 5Rb aiv n‡q‡Q|
j¶¨ Kiæb: cÖ‡Z¨K †kªYxi Rb¨ ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv cvkvcvwk µgvbymv‡i mvRvb n‡q‡Q| Avi
msL¨v eySv‡bi jvBb ¸‡jv mgvb `~‡i `~‡i AuvKv n‡q‡Q|
Gevi wb‡R GKwU ¯Í¤¢‡jL AvuKzb| Gevi QvÎ msL¨vq GKRb Qv‡Îi cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri
mg‡qi Z_¨ †`qv nj| G‡_‡K ¯Í¤¢ †jL Gu‡K †`Lvb
K L K L
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
M N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K L
wPÎ - 3
j¶¨ Kiæb
• KL †iLvi KqwU Ni n‡q‡Q? Avcbvi wP‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk N›Uvi msL¨v KZ n‡Z
n‡e? (11)| AZGe N‡ii msL¨v 11 wUi †ewk n‡j myweav n‡e|
• KZcÖKvi Kv‡Ri KqwU Ni n‡q‡Q? (5)| Zvn‡j KL †iLv‡K mgvb `~‡i `~‡i
11wU Ni AvKvi Rb¨ †cwÝj w`‡q wPý w`b|
• KL †iLvi GKNi e¨eav‡b GK Ni‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ aiæb Ges wb‡P Zv
wj‡L wbb| †hgb- 2bs Ni cov, 4bs Ni Nyg, 6bs Ni LvIqv .....................
• K †iLvi cÖ‡Z¨K AvovAvwo `v‡Mi cv‡k 1 †_‡K 11 ch©šÍ wjLyb|
• Kv‡Ri bvg I N›Uv wnmv‡e ¯Í¤¢ †jL¸wj AvuKzb|
• †jL wPÎwU (¯Í¤¢ †jL) my›`i I ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv my›`ifv‡e is w`‡q
fivU Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡¤¢i GKB is A_ev Avjv`v Avjv`v is e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
Avcwb nq‡Zv Rv‡bb †jL AuvKvi Rb¨ evRv‡i we‡kl ai‡bi QK KvUv KvMR graph
paper cvIqv hvq| G ¯Í‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ Avgiv graph paper e¨envi Dchy³ g‡b
Kwibv| ZvB graph paper e¨envi cwinvi Kiæb Ges †¯‹j w`‡q mv`v KvM‡R QK AuvKv
Af¨vm Kiæb|
D`vniY: cy‡ji nvU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ †kªYxi QvÎ QvÎxi msL¨v wb‡P †`qv nj|
Dcv˸‡jv †_‡K GKwU ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvuKzb|
†kªYx QvÎ/QvÎxi msL¨v
cÖ_g †kªYx 100 Rb
wØZxq †kªYx 90 Rb
Z…Zxq †kªYx 70 Rb
PZz_© †kªYx 60 Rb
cÂg †kªYx 50 Rb
mgvavb: ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvuKvi c~‡e© Avmyb ¯Í‡¤¢i ˆ`N©¨ wnmve K‡i †bB|
†kªYx QvÎ/QvÎxi msL¨v cÖwZ N‡ii gvb Ni msL¨v
1g 100 Rb 10 10
2q 90 Rb 10 9
3q 70 Rb 10 7
4_© 60 Rb 10 6
5g 50Rb 10 5
Gevi †jL AvuKvi QK cÖ¯‘Z Kwi| Lvov 5wU †kªYxi Rb¨ 11 wU `vM Avov Avwofv‡e
m‡e©v”P 10wU N‡ii Rb¨ 10 ev Zvi †_‡K 2/1 wU Ni †ewk| Gevi wb‡Pi wPÎwU AvuwK Ge
Z_¨¸‡jv h_v¯’v‡b wjwL| (¯Í¤¢¸wj is Kiæb)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v, wewfbœ wel‡qi eB‡qi msL¨v, wbw`©ó `ywU ¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ `~iZ¡, cix¶vi
cÖvß djvdj wewfbœ †`‡ki RbmsL¨, erm‡ii RvqMv, dm‡j cwigvY BZ¨vw` GKB
RvZxq Z‡_¨i Zzjbvi Rb¨ myweav RbK GKK a‡i ¯Í¤¢‡jL AsKb Kiv hvq|
GKwU ¯Í¤¢ †j‡Li Wvb †_‡K ev‡g Lvov ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv w`‡q wewfbœ `j ev welq Ges Avbyf‚wgK
†iLv¸‡jv ev D”PZv w`‡q cwigvY eySvb nq| Aek¨ we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv †kvqvb
Ae¯Ívq A_©vr Avbyf‚wgK fv‡eI †`Lvb †h‡Z cv‡i †hgb b`xi ˆ`N©¨, c‡_i `~iZ¡
BZ¨vw`|
¯Í‡¤¢i wb‡P `j/‡kªYx/ev wel‡qi cvwiwPwZ| †j‡Li wb‡Pi †jLwPÎwUi msw¶ß bvg Ges
cÖwZ N‡ii gvb ev †¯‹j D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| d‡j GKwU †jL wPÎ †_‡KB mKj Z_¨ Rvbv
hvq| Gevi wb‡Pi †jLwU †`Lyb| Ges cv‡ki cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b|
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
cÖkœ:
1. GB ¯Í¤¢‡jL wPÎwU wK eySv‡”Q?
2. jvB‡eªix‡Z KZ ai‡bi eB Av‡Q?
3. me‡P‡q †ewk †Kvb ai‡bi eB Av‡Q
4. me‡P‡q Kg †Kvb ai‡bi eB Av‡Q?
5. M‡íi eB KZwU?
6. ag©xq eB KZwU?
7. mvwn‡Z¨i, Rxebx I cvV¨eB KZwU?
BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 158
¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb
j¶¨ Kiæb
†jL wPÎ AZ¨šÍ ¯úófv‡e A‡bK Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| `ªæZ Z‡_¨i Zzjbv Kiv
hvq| †¯‹j m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`q|
ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Ges RvZxq Rxe‡bi wewfbœ wnmve wbKv‡ki †¶‡Î hLb
KZ¸‡jv GKB RvZxq DcvË ev MvwYwZK Z‡_¨i Zzjbv Kiv nq ZLb Zv
¯úó I my›`ifv‡e ¯Í¤¢ †j‡Li gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKB
RvZxq DcvË †_‡K †jL AuvKv m¤¢e| Avevi †jKwPÎ †_‡KI wewfbœ Z_¨
AvniY Kiv hvq| ¯Í¤¢‡j‡Li Lvov ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv mvaviYZ wewfbœ `j-†kªYx ev
welq Ges Avov Avwo ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv ev D”PZv cwigvc eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| ¯Í‡¤¢i
†j‡Li D”PZv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Dchy³ †¯‹j ev GKK a‡i wb‡Z nq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2
A) ï× DËiwU‡Z (wUK) wPý w`b |
1| ¯Í¤¢‡jL GKwU - wPÎ / Mí / AsK / MwYZ
2| 1 †KvwU mgvb 1 Ni ai‡j 10 †KvwU‡Z KZNi nq?
5 Ni / 7 Ni / 8 Ni / 10 Ni
3| ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvuKvi c~‡e© Avgiv wK wnmve Kwi?
¯Í‡¤¢i cÖ¯’ / ¯Í‡¤¢i ˆ`N©¨ / ¯Í‡¤¢i is / ¯Í‡¤¢i MVb
4| ¯Í‡¤¢i †j‡Li Lvov ¯Í¤¢ ¸‡jv mvaviYZ wK eySvq?
ˆ`N©¨ / cÖ¯’ / msL¨v / `j ev ‡kªYx
5| ¯Í‡¤¢i ˆ`N¨© ev D”PZv w`‡q wK eySvq?
ˆ`N©¨ / cÖ¯’ / msL¨vi cwigvY / `j ev †kªYx
Av) wb‡Pi †jLwPÎ †_‡K cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b:
K) GwU wK‡mi †jL wPÎ?
L) †Kvb †kªYx‡Z QvÎmsL¨v KZ?
M) †Kvb †kªYx‡Z QvÎmsL¨v me‡P‡q Kg?
N) †Kvb †kªYx‡Z QvÎmsL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk?
O) cÖwZ N‡ii Rb¨ KZRb K‡i QvÎ aiv n‡q‡Q?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
B) ˆmq` wgqv Pvl K‡i 120 KzB›Uvj avb, 90 KzB›Uvj cvU, 80 KzB›Uvj Mg, 70
KzB›Uvj †Qvjv Ges 60 KzB›Uvj gymyix Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb| dm‡ji cwigvb wb‡q
GKwU ¯Í¤¢‡jL AvuKzb|