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Unit-08 Math Ced

The document outlines mathematical concepts and operations, including basic arithmetic, algebraic expressions, and the use of symbols in equations. It provides examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts, emphasizing the importance of understanding mathematical relationships and operations. Additionally, it discusses the application of these principles in problem-solving scenarios.

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mahmud
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views16 pages

Unit-08 Math Ced

The document outlines mathematical concepts and operations, including basic arithmetic, algebraic expressions, and the use of symbols in equations. It provides examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts, emphasizing the importance of understanding mathematical relationships and operations. Additionally, it discusses the application of these principles in problem-solving scenarios.

Uploaded by

mahmud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BDwbU 8 MvwYwZK cÖZxK I evK¨, MwY‡Zi cÖZxKiƒ‡c †jLwPÎ

f‚wgKv

MwYZ GKwU weg~Z© welq| Bnvi GKwU wbR¯^ fvlv Av‡Q| G fvlv cÖZxKg~jK| cÖZxK
(Symbol) Ggb GKwU wPý hv †Kvb aviYv‡K ms‡¶‡c cÖKvk K‡i| MwY‡Zi mgm¨v
mgvavb Ges ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wnmve wbKvk Kg©Kv‡Û cÖZxK¸‡jv e¨eüZ nq| Z_¨ I
mgm¨v Dc¯’vc‡b MvwYwZK cÖZxK I fvlv e¨eüZ nq| G¸‡jv MvwYwZK Dw³ bv‡g
cwiwPZ| MwY‡Zi Z_¨vewj‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk KivB nj †jLwPÎ| †jLwPÎ GK
ai‡Yi MwY‡Zi cÖZxK| GB cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ MwY‡Zi Z_¨ Ges m¤úK© DfqB cÖKvk
Kiv nq|

cvV - 1 MvwYwZK cÖZxK I evK¨


cvV - 2 †jLwPÎ : ¯Í¤¢‡jL
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 1 MvwYwZK cÖZxK I evK¨

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb 
♦ msL¨v cªZxK, cÖwµqv wPý, m¤úK© wPý I eÜbx wPý wPb‡Z I e¨envi
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ msL¨v ivwk wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ myZivs, AZGe Ges †h‡nZz Gi cÖZxK wPb‡Z I e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ MvwYwZK Dw³, †Lvjv evK¨,mZ¨ Dw³ I wg_¨v Dw³ wPb‡Z I ej‡Z
cvi‡eb
♦ A¶i m¤^wjZ ev‡K¨i / †Lvjv ev‡K¨i mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ wbw`©ó wbq‡g e„w× cvq Ggb K‡qKwU msL¨vi †hvMdj msw¶ß wbq‡g wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

MvwYwZK cÖZxK
mvaviYZ Pvi ai‡bi MvwYwZK cÖZxK MwY‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq:

msL¨v cÖZxK ev A¼ 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

cÖwµqv wPý + − × ÷
†hvM we‡qvM ¸Y fvM

m¤úK© wPý = > < ≠ > <


mgvb eo †QvU mgvb bq eo bq †QvU bq

eÜbx wPý () {} []
cÖ_g wØZxq Z…Zxq
eÜbx eÜbx eÜbx

Dc‡ii MvwYwZK cÖZxK¸‡jv j¶ Kiæb Ges cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Kiæb: GKwU K‡i
†`Lvb nj|

K bq nvRvi PvikZ †Zi Gi mvZ¸Y mËi 9413 × 7 < 70000


nvRvi †_‡K †QvU|
L Pvi †KvwU AvUvk j¶ lvU nvRvi wZb kZ bq

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 146


¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

M Avwk I GKk Gi †hvMd‡ji cvP¸Y AvUvk


Gi cvP¸Y I GKk `‡ki cuvP¸‡Yi
†hvMd‡ji mgvb|
N `yBkZ cwP‡ki cvP¸b GMvik Gi †P‡q eo
O wZb A‡¼i e„nËg I ¶z`ªgZ msL¨vi †hvMdj
GK nvRv‡ii †P‡q eo

msL¨v ivwk : 45 + 12 × 3 − 5

GwU GKwU msL¨v ivwk| KZK¸‡jv msL¨v‡K cÖwµqv wPý Øviv hy³ Ki‡j msL¨v ivwk
ˆZwi nq|

msL¨vivwk iƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i mgvavb Kiæb : (GKwU K‡i †`Lvb nj))

K 35 †_‡K 13 we‡qvM K‡i we‡qvMdj‡K 11 (35 − 13 ) ÷ 11


w`‡q fvM Kiv nj
L 25 †K 5 w`‡q fvM K‡i fvMdj 15
†_‡K we‡qvM Kiv nj
M 8 †K 9 Øviv ¸b K‡i ¸Ydj †_‡K 40
we‡qvM Kiv nj|
N `yBk cuvP‡K 5 `¦viv fvMK‡i fvMdj †_‡K
40 we‡qvM Kiv nj
O 770 †K 77 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji mv‡_
3 †hvM Kiv nj

MvwYwZK Dw³

30 + 3 = 11 × 3

GwU GKwU MvwYwZK Dw³ G Dw³wU mZ¨|


†Kbbv,
30 + 3 = 33
Avevi 11 × 3 = 33
∴ 33 = 33

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-147


evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†h evK¨ MwY‡Zi cÖZxK I fve cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K MvwYwZK evK¨ ejv nq| †hgb 2+3 =
5, X>5 BZ¨vw`| Dw³ ej‡Z Ggb evK¨ eySvq hv‡K mZ¨ ev wg_¨v mwVKfv‡e ejv hvq|
wb‡Pi Dw³ ¸‡jv mZ¨ bv wg_¨v Zv hvPvB Kiæb: GKwU K‡i †`Lvb nj|

K) 24-11 = 34-21 ∴ 24-11=13


Avevi 34-21=13
∴ 13=13

L) 272+102>321-31+70
M) 480÷24+60≠(480÷24)+60
N) 375÷25 225÷15+10
O) (70+0)÷7 <70+(0÷7)

MvwYwZK evK¨:
+ 7 = 21 K × 7 = 21

Dc‡ii H¸‡jv †Lvjv evK¨| cÖ_gwU GKwU msL¨vi cwie‡Z© cÖZxK e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxqwU‡Z GKwU msL¨vi cwie‡Z© A¶i cÖZxK ÔKÕ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evK¨ `ywU †Lvjv
evK¨ weavq mZ¨ ev wg_¨v wKQyB ejv hv‡”Q bv| cÖZx‡Ki cwie‡Z© msL¨v emv‡j MvwYwZK
Dw³ cvIqv hv‡e|

+7 = 21 †Lvjv evK¨ K × 3 = 21
8 + 7 = 21 wg_¨v Dw³ 5 × 3 = 21
14 + 7 = 21 mZ¨ Dw³ 7 × 3 = 21

wb‡Pi cÖ‡Z¨K †Lvjv ev‡K¨ Gi cwie‡Z© 5 ewm‡q Dw³ MVb Kiæb| Dw³wU mZ¨
bv wg_¨v Zv hvPvB Kiæb: (GKwU K‡i †`Lv‡bv nj)

K) +11 = 15 + 11 = 15 ∴ 5+11 = 16
16 ≠ 15 ∴ Dw³wU wg_¨v
L) × 3+2 = 17
M) × 11+3 = 53
N) (15 − ) ÷ 10 = 1
O) + 3 < 10

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 148


¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

avivevwnK †hvM:
1+2+3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 50 = KZ ?

mgvavb Kiæb:

wb‡Y©q †hvMdj = K awi

∴ K = 1+2+3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +49+50
Avevi, K = 50+49+48+ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . +2 + 1
K+K = 51+51+51+ +51+51
ev, 2K = 51 × 50 (cÂvkwU GKvbœ)
ev, 2K = 2550
2550
ev, K =
2
= 1275

e¨vL¨v = †hvMd‡ji cwie‡Z© A¶i K e¨eüZ|


msL¨v ivwki msL¨v = 50
Dc‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU jvB‡bi mgwó 51, †hgb 50+1 = 51, 49+2 = 51, 48+3 = 51
BZ¨vw`|
GLv‡b 50×51 = 2K
A_©vr wb‡Y©q msL¨vi †hvMdj 2 ¸Y|

avivevwnK †hvMdj †ei Kiæb: (GKwU K‡i †`Lv‡bv nj)


K) 8+12+16+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 80
L) 1+2+3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 40
M) 1+6+11+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 86
N) 1+4+7+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 94

K Gi mgvavb:
GLv‡b msL¨v¸‡jv cÖwZ av‡c 4 e„w× †c‡q‡Q Ges †gvU e„w× = 80 − 8 = 72
myZis av‡ci msL¨v = 72 ÷ 4 = 18
myZivs 18 +1 = 19 wU msL¨v †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

g‡b Kwi †hvMdj = K


wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-149
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K = 8+12+16+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +80
K = 80+76+72+ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . +8
ev, 2K = 88+88+88+ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . + 88
ev, 2K = 88 × 19 = 1672
ev, K = 1672 ÷ 2 = 836
AZGe, 8+12+16+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 80 = 836
DËi: 836

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1

1| mwVK DËiwUi ev‡g wUK () wPý w`b|
K) eÜbx wPý †KvbwU ? +/ ( )/ >/ 3
L) m¤úK© wPý †KvbwU ? 7/ { }/ =/ +
M) cÖwµqv wPý †KvbwU ? </ ×/ { }/ 0
N) msL¨v cÖZxK †KvbwU ? ÷/ =/ ( )/ 4

2| N‡i mwVK fv‡e m¤úK© wPý ( = ev > ev < ) emvb †hb Dw³wU mZ¨ nq:

K) 23+12 33 -17

L) 8592-3256 5336 ÷16

M) 57×43 129 × 19

N) 312+79 300 +81

O) (72÷12)×3 72 ÷ (12×3)

3| N‡i cÖwµqv wPý ( +, -, ÷, × ) ewm‡q mZ¨ Dw³ MVb Kiæb:

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 150


¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

K) 25 2 = 10 5

L) 24 4 = 32 4

M) 9 3=6 2

N) 28 4=4 3

O) 8 6 = 10 5

4| bx‡Pi †Lvjv e‡K¨ Gi cwie‡Z© 6 ewm‡q Dw³ MVb Kiæb, Dw³wU mZ¨ bv
wg_¨v Zv hvPvB Kiæb:

K) + 9 = 15 + ÷3

L) × 4 = 12 ×2

M) (52 - 22) ÷ = 30 ÷

N) (20 - )÷2=8÷4

O) × 3 > 17

P) + 3 > 11 +

Q) ÷2+10 <20÷5+11

5| cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiæb Ges msL¨vwU KZ Zv †ei Kiæb|


K) Avwg GKwU msL¨v fvewQ| msL¨vwUi m‡½ 9 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 21 nq|
L) Avwg GKwU msL¨v fvewQ| msL¨vwU‡K 7 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj 4|
M) Avwg GKwU msL¨v fvewQ| msL¨vwU †_‡K 9 we‡qvM Ki‡j we‡qvMdj 11 Gi
†P‡q 2 †ewk nq|
N) Avwg GKwU msL¨v fvewQ, msL¨vwUi 5 ¸Y mgvb 45|

6| wb‡Pi Dw³¸‡jv mZ¨ bv wg_¨v hvPvB Kiæb Ges Dw³i †k‡l mZ¨/wg_¨v wjLyb:
wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-151
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K) (200+15+7) × 2 = 400+40+4
L) 349-(43-30) = 42 × 8
M) 625 × 3 < 625 × 3
N) (24÷6) × 9 = 39÷13+(3×4)
O) ⋅125 + ⋅475 = 6 ÷10
P) 2.3 × 10 > 24
Q) (329-29) ÷ 20 < 90÷6+2

7| cÖwµqv wPý I m¤úK© wPý e¨envi K‡i wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv cÖKvk Kiæb:
K) 1 †_‡K 10 ch©šÍ µwgK msL¨vi †hvMd‡ji 2 ¸Y, 10 I 11 Gi ¸Yd‡ji
mgvb|
L) 2400 I 1500 Gi †hvMdj 350Gi 10 ¸‡Yi mgvb|
M) 625 Gi 5 ¸Y 3100 †_‡K †QvU bq|
N) 20 †K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i 5 w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡j Zv 20 Gi 5 ¸Y‡K 4 w`‡q fvM
Ki‡j mgvb n‡e|

8| avivevwnK †hvMdj wbY©q Kiæb:


K) 1+2+3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 70
L) 2+4+6+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 66
M) 6+9+12+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 108
N) 6+11+16+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 91
O) 41+43+45+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 95

9| 12+22+32+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + x3 = KZ

10| 13+23+33+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + x3 = KZ

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 152


¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 2 †jLwPÎ : ¯Í¤¢ †jL

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb 
♦ RbmsL¨vi wfwËK DcvË wb‡q ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvKu‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ cÖ`Ë ¯Í¤¢ †jL †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ AvniY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ RbmsL¨v wfwËK DcvË wb‡q wK fv‡e ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvKu‡Z nq Zv wk¶v_©x‡`i
wkLv‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ RbmsL¨v, QvÎmsL¨v,wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡, wewfbœ wel‡qi b¤^i, dm‡ji
cwigvY BZ¨vw` mgRvZxq DcvË e¨envi K‡i ¯Í¤¢ †jL AsK‡bi †KŠkj
wk¶v_©x‡`i †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb
♦ ¯Í¤¢‡jL †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ AvniY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i Gai‡bi
Z_¨ Avni‡Yi †KŠkj †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|

MYbv Kiæb Ges msL¨v¸‡jv wjLyb

1g †kªYx =

2q †kªYx =

3q †kªYx =

4_© †kªYx =

5g †kªYx =

QwewU †`Lyb| GKwU cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji 5g †_‡K 1g †kªYx ch©šÍ 5wU †kªYxi wk¶v_©x‡`i
cwigvb ev msL¨v †`Lvb n‡q‡Q| wPÎwU †`L‡jB †h †KD ej‡Z cvi‡e GB we`¨vj‡q
†Kvb ‡kªYx‡Z KZ Rb QvÎx Av‡Q| Avcwb ejyb‡Zv −

1g †kªYx 2q †kªYx
3q †kªYx 4_© †kªYx
5g †kªYx

Gevi wgwj‡q wbb 1g †kªYx - 20 Rb 2q †kªYx - 10 Rb 3q †kªYx- 13 Rb 4_© †kªYx -


7Rb 5g †kªYx - 5Rb

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-153


evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

aiv hvK, GB wP‡Î †hgbwU †`L‡jb Avm‡j QvÎx msL¨v Zvi †P‡q 10 ¸Y †ekx A_©vr 1g
†kªYx‡Z QvÎx Av‡Q 200 Rb, 2q †kªYx‡Z 100 Rb| ejyb‡Zv 3q , 4_© I 5g †kªYxi
QvÎxi msL¨v KZ? nu¨v GmsL¨v ¸‡jvI h_vµ‡g 130 Rb, 70 Rb I 50 Rb n‡e|

wKš‘ Avv‡Mi c„ôvi g‡Zv GKwU Qwe AuvKv Lye mnR n‡e bv| GKm‡½ GK c„ôvq 550
R‡bi Qwe AuvK‡Z ïay mgqB bv hvqMvI jvM‡e|†m QwewU w`‡q welqwUI A_©c~Y©fv‡e
cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv n‡j Dcvq? nu¨v Dcvq GKUv Av‡Q Zvnj cÖwZwU Qwei Rb¨ hw`
10 Rb QvÎx aiv hvq Zv n‡jB mgm¨i mgvavb cvIqv hv‡e| Zvn‡j Qwei g‡a¨ †Kv_vI
wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e ( Qwe‡Z GKwU Qwe n‡e cÖZxK = 10 Rb QvÎx aiv n‡q‡Q)

Gfv‡e Qwei gva¨‡g †Kvb msL¨v eySv‡bvi Ges Zzjbvg~jK cÖKv‡ki e¨e¯’v nj wPÎ w`‡q
†jLv ms‡¶‡c †jLwPÎ|

wKš‘ mgm¨vi mgvavb GLv‡bB bq| mevB †hgb Qwe AvuK‡Z cv‡ibv| Qwe AvuK‡Z †Zgb
mgqI †Zv Kg jv‡M bv| ZvB Ab¨fv‡e Zzjbv Kivi KZv fveyb| c‡ii QwewU †`Lyb|

35
30
25
20
15
10
5

1g †kªYx 2q †kªYx 3q †kªYx 4_© †kªYx 5g †kªYx

imyjcyi we`¨vj‡qi 1g †_‡K 5g †kªYxi QvÎx‡`i msL¨vi wPÎ

G Qwe †_‡K ejyb‡Zv


5 †kªYx‡Z KZRb QvÎx

4_© †kªYx‡Z KZ QvÎx

3q †kªYx‡Z KZ QvÎx

2q †kªYx‡Z KZ Rb QvÎx

1g †kªYx‡Z KZRb QvÎx

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 154


¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wgwj‡q wbb DËi: h_vµ‡g 5 Rb, 10 Rb, 15 Rb, 30 Rb I 25 Rb|

Gfv‡e ¯Í¤¢ Gu‡K Zzjbv Ki‡j Zv‡KB ejv nq ¯Í¤¢ †jL| msL¨v hw` 10 ¸Y eySv‡Z PvB
Zvn‡j Qwei wb‡P wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e cÖwZ N‡ii Rb¨ 10 Rb| j¶¨ Kiæb GLv‡b Qwe‡Z
cÖwZN‡i Rb¨ 5Rb aiv n‡q‡Q|

j¶¨ Kiæb: cÖ‡Z¨K †kªYxi Rb¨ ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv cvkvcvwk µgvbymv‡i mvRvb n‡q‡Q| Avi
msL¨v eySv‡bi jvBb ¸‡jv mgvb `~‡i `~‡i AuvKv n‡q‡Q|

Gevi wb‡R GKwU ¯Í¤¢‡jL AvuKzb| Gevi QvÎ msL¨vq GKRb Qv‡Îi cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri
mg‡qi Z_¨ †`qv nj| G‡_‡K ¯Í¤¢ †jL Gu‡K †`Lvb

KvR mgq N›Uvq


cov 11
Nyg 7
LvIqv 3
†Ljv 2
wekªvg 1

¯Í¤¢‡jL AvuKvi †KŠkj


†jL AvKvi Rb¨ †cwÝj, †¯‹j, ivevi, iw½b †cwÝj, GK UzK‡iv mv`v KvMR wbb| mv`v
KvMR ev LvZvi c„óv (†kªYxK‡¶ eø¨vK ‡evW© e¨envi Ki‡eb)| KvMR †ev‡W©i bx‡Pi w`‡K
†¯‹jw`‡q GKwU AvovAvwo mij †iLv Uvbyb (wPÎ-1)|

K L K L

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2

Gevi K we›`y w`‡q KL Gi Dci j¤^ KM AuvKzb (wPÎ-2)| Zvici KL Gi mgvšÍivj


K‡i wbw`©ó (mgvb) `~i‡Z¡ K‡qKwU †iLv Uvbyb| G‡¶‡Î 1 †m.wg. ci ci `vM Uvbv †h‡Z
cv‡i| me‡k‡l Wvbw`‡K NL †iLv †U‡b GKwU QK ˆZwi n‡e ( wPÎ-3)

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-155


evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K L
wPÎ - 3

j¶¨ Kiæb
• KL †iLvi KqwU Ni n‡q‡Q? Avcbvi wP‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk N›Uvi msL¨v KZ n‡Z
n‡e? (11)| AZGe N‡ii msL¨v 11 wUi †ewk n‡j myweav n‡e|
• KZcÖKvi Kv‡Ri KqwU Ni n‡q‡Q? (5)| Zvn‡j KL †iLv‡K mgvb `~‡i `~‡i
11wU Ni AvKvi Rb¨ †cwÝj w`‡q wPý w`b|
• KL †iLvi GKNi e¨eav‡b GK Ni‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ aiæb Ges wb‡P Zv
wj‡L wbb| †hgb- 2bs Ni cov, 4bs Ni Nyg, 6bs Ni LvIqv .....................
• K †iLvi cÖ‡Z¨K AvovAvwo `v‡Mi cv‡k 1 †_‡K 11 ch©šÍ wjLyb|
• Kv‡Ri bvg I N›Uv wnmv‡e ¯Í¤¢ †jL¸wj AvuKzb|
• †jL wPÎwU (¯Í¤¢ †jL) my›`i I ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv my›`ifv‡e is w`‡q
fivU Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡¤¢i GKB is A_ev Avjv`v Avjv`v is e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|

Avcwb nq‡Zv Rv‡bb †jL AuvKvi Rb¨ evRv‡i we‡kl ai‡bi QK KvUv KvMR graph
paper cvIqv hvq| G ¯Í‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ Avgiv graph paper e¨envi Dchy³ g‡b
Kwibv| ZvB graph paper e¨envi cwinvi Kiæb Ges †¯‹j w`‡q mv`v KvM‡R QK AuvKv
Af¨vm Kiæb|

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 156


¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

D`vniY: cy‡ji nvU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ †kªYxi QvÎ QvÎxi msL¨v wb‡P †`qv nj|
Dcv˸‡jv †_‡K GKwU ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvuKzb|
†kªYx QvÎ/QvÎxi msL¨v
cÖ_g †kªYx 100 Rb
wØZxq †kªYx 90 Rb
Z…Zxq †kªYx 70 Rb
PZz_© †kªYx 60 Rb
cÂg †kªYx 50 Rb

mgvavb: ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvuKvi c~‡e© Avmyb ¯Í‡¤¢i ˆ`N©¨ wnmve K‡i †bB|
†kªYx QvÎ/QvÎxi msL¨v cÖwZ N‡ii gvb Ni msL¨v
1g 100 Rb 10 10
2q 90 Rb 10 9
3q 70 Rb 10 7
4_© 60 Rb 10 6
5g 50Rb 10 5

Gevi †jL AvuKvi QK cÖ¯‘Z Kwi| Lvov 5wU †kªYxi Rb¨ 11 wU `vM Avov Avwofv‡e
m‡e©v”P 10wU N‡ii Rb¨ 10 ev Zvi †_‡K 2/1 wU Ni †ewk| Gevi wb‡Pi wPÎwU AvuwK Ge
Z_¨¸‡jv h_v¯’v‡b wjwL| (¯Í¤¢¸wj is Kiæb)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

1g †kªYx 2q †kªYx 3q †kªYx 4_© †kªYx 5g †kªYx

cy‡ji nvU we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ †kªYxi QvÎQvÎxi msL¨vi †jLwPÎ


(cÖwZNi 10 Rb a‡i)

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-157


evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v, wewfbœ wel‡qi eB‡qi msL¨v, wbw`©ó `ywU ¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ `~iZ¡, cix¶vi
cÖvß djvdj wewfbœ †`‡ki RbmsL¨, erm‡ii RvqMv, dm‡j cwigvY BZ¨vw` GKB
RvZxq Z‡_¨i Zzjbvi Rb¨ myweav RbK GKK a‡i ¯Í¤¢‡jL AsKb Kiv hvq|

GKwU ¯Í¤¢ †j‡Li Wvb †_‡K ev‡g Lvov ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv w`‡q wewfbœ `j ev welq Ges Avbyf‚wgK
†iLv¸‡jv ev D”PZv w`‡q cwigvY eySvb nq| Aek¨ we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv †kvqvb
Ae¯Ívq A_©vr Avbyf‚wgK fv‡eI †`Lvb †h‡Z cv‡i †hgb b`xi ˆ`N©¨, c‡_i `~iZ¡
BZ¨vw`|

¯Í‡¤¢i wb‡P `j/‡kªYx/ev wel‡qi cvwiwPwZ| †j‡Li wb‡Pi †jLwPÎwUi msw¶ß bvg Ges
cÖwZ N‡ii gvb ev †¯‹j D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| d‡j GKwU †jL wPÎ †_‡KB mKj Z_¨ Rvbv
hvq| Gevi wb‡Pi †jLwU †`Lyb| Ges cv‡ki cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b|

200
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120
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60
40
20

mvwnZ¨ Rxebx Mí agx©q cvV¨cy¯ÍK


welq
¯‹z‡ji jvB‡eªix‡Z wewfbœ wel‡qi eB‡qi Zzjbvi ¯Í¤¢ †jL (cÖwZ Ni = 20)

cÖkœ:
1. GB ¯Í¤¢‡jL wPÎwU wK eySv‡”Q?
2. jvB‡eªix‡Z KZ ai‡bi eB Av‡Q?
3. me‡P‡q †ewk †Kvb ai‡bi eB Av‡Q
4. me‡P‡q Kg †Kvb ai‡bi eB Av‡Q?
5. M‡íi eB KZwU?
6. ag©xq eB KZwU?
7. mvwn‡Z¨i, Rxebx I cvV¨eB KZwU?
BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 158
¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

8. wP‡Î cÖwZ N‡i KZwU eB aiv n‡q‡Q?

j¶¨ Kiæb
†jL wPÎ AZ¨šÍ ¯úófv‡e A‡bK Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| `ªæZ Z‡_¨i Zzjbv Kiv
hvq| †¯‹j m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`q|

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Ges RvZxq Rxe‡bi wewfbœ wnmve wbKv‡ki †¶‡Î hLb
KZ¸‡jv GKB RvZxq DcvË ev MvwYwZK Z‡_¨i Zzjbv Kiv nq ZLb Zv
¯úó I my›`ifv‡e ¯Í¤¢ †j‡Li gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKB
RvZxq DcvË †_‡K †jL AuvKv m¤¢e| Avevi †jKwPÎ †_‡KI wewfbœ Z_¨
AvniY Kiv hvq| ¯Í¤¢‡j‡Li Lvov ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv mvaviYZ wewfbœ `j-†kªYx ev
welq Ges Avov Avwo ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv ev D”PZv cwigvc eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| ¯Í‡¤¢i
†j‡Li D”PZv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Dchy³ †¯‹j ev GKK a‡i wb‡Z nq|

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg Mathematics-159


evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2
 A) ï× DËiwU‡Z  (wUK) wPý w`b |
1| ¯Í¤¢‡jL GKwU - wPÎ / Mí / AsK / MwYZ
2| 1 †KvwU mgvb 1 Ni ai‡j 10 †KvwU‡Z KZNi nq?
5 Ni / 7 Ni / 8 Ni / 10 Ni
3| ¯Í¤¢ †jL AvuKvi c~‡e© Avgiv wK wnmve Kwi?
¯Í‡¤¢i cÖ¯’ / ¯Í‡¤¢i ˆ`N©¨ / ¯Í‡¤¢i is / ¯Í‡¤¢i MVb
4| ¯Í‡¤¢i †j‡Li Lvov ¯Í¤¢ ¸‡jv mvaviYZ wK eySvq?
ˆ`N©¨ / cÖ¯’ / msL¨v / `j ev ‡kªYx
5| ¯Í‡¤¢i ˆ`N¨© ev D”PZv w`‡q wK eySvq?
ˆ`N©¨ / cÖ¯’ / msL¨vi cwigvY / `j ev †kªYx
Av) wb‡Pi †jLwPÎ †_‡K cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b:
K) GwU wK‡mi †jL wPÎ?
L) †Kvb †kªYx‡Z QvÎmsL¨v KZ?
M) †Kvb †kªYx‡Z QvÎmsL¨v me‡P‡q Kg?
N) †Kvb †kªYx‡Z QvÎmsL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk?
O) cÖwZ N‡ii Rb¨ KZRb K‡i QvÎ aiv n‡q‡Q?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

1g †kªYx 2q †kªYx 3q †kªYx 4_© †kªYx 5g †kªYx

RqbMi we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ †kªYxi QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨vi †jLwPÎ (cÖwZ Ni 10 Rb a‡i)

B) ˆmq` wgqv Pvl K‡i 120 KzB›Uvj avb, 90 KzB›Uvj cvU, 80 KzB›Uvj Mg, 70
KzB›Uvj †Qvjv Ges 60 KzB›Uvj gymyix Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb| dm‡ji cwigvb wb‡q
GKwU ¯Í¤¢‡jL AvuKzb|

BDwbU- 8 MwYZ- 160

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