MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION
Government Polytechnic Gadchiroli
MINI- PROJECT: Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy
‘’DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING’’

2024-2025
EMERGING TRENDS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (22603) CE-6I

SR.NO STUDENT NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

1 Muskan Ashim Adhikari 20 2201190062

Guidence By – Mr. Rohankar Sir

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 1

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, GADCHIROLI
DIST-GADCHIROLI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students of this institute have carried out
this project work on “Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy” under the
guidance of Mr. Rohankar Sir in the Department of civil Engineering during the
session 2024-2025.This work has been done in the practical fulfilment of the
award for Diploma in Civil Engineering from Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education, Mumbai.
SUBMITTED BY

SR.NO STUDENT NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

1 JAYA RAMPAD RANG 20 2201190062

MR. ROHANKAR SIR Mr. VIPIN A. DAHIKAR DR. A. B. BORADE

SUBJECT TEACHER HEAD OF DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

DATE: 20/03/2024
PLACE: GADCHIROLI

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 2

 Index
Sr. No. Contents Page No.
1 Introduction 1
2 Aim/Benefits of This Mini-Project 6
3 Course Outcome Addressed 6
4 Proposed Methodology 6
5 Action Plan 7
6 Resources Required 7
7 Rational 8
8 Aim/Benefits of The Mini-Project 8
9 Course Outcomes Achieved 8
11 Actual Methodology Followed 8
12 Outputs of The Mini-Project 9
13 Skill Developed/Learning Outcome of This Mini- 9
Project
14 Application of This Mini-Projects 9
15 Literature review 10-12
16 Conclusion 13
17 Reference 13

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 3

 A PROJECT
REPORT ON
‘‘Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy’’
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC GADCHIROLI
2024-2025
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF
“CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT”

SUBMITTED BY

SR.NO STUDENT NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

1 Muskan Ashim Adhikari 20 2201190062

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 4

 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBMISSION

We are the students of final year of the course Diploma CE humbly submitted that
we have completed project work “Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy” as
describes in this report by our outing skills and study between the period 2024-2025 as
per the guidance of MR. ROHANKAR SIR and that the followings students were
associated this work. However, the teacher has approved quantum of contribution.
We further declare that; we have not copied the report per this any appreciable
part from any other literature in contravention of the academic session

SUBMITED BY

SR.NO STUDENT NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

1 Muskan Ashim Adhikari 20 22201190062

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 5

Annexure-1

PART- A
MINI-PROJECT PROPOSAL
“PREPARE A REPORT ON GEOTHERMAL ENERGY”
• Introduction
1. Geothermal energy is heat within the earth. The word geothermal comes from the
Greek words geo (earth) and thermal (heat).

2. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because heat is continuously

produced inside the earth.

3. People use geothermal heat for bathing, for heating buildings, and for generating
electricity.

4. Geothermal resources are reservoirs of hot water that exist or are human made at
varying temperatures and depths below the earth's surface.

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Mini-Project.

Aim: - Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy

Benefits: - It is silent energy.
• It creates record numbers of jobs.
• Provides more energy for the same nominal power.
• Allows double recycling.
• The plants are long-lasting, safe and reliable.
• Requires very little maintenance.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed.

• Reveal different applications of software’s for planning, designing and execution of projects.
• Suggest the advanced materials as per site condition.
• Recommended the suitable tools and equipments for the given situation.
• Suggest the advanced resource management techniques for the give project.
• Use the feasible advance techniques for various civil engineering projects.

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 6

3.0 Proposed Methodology:-

a. To discuss the topic of project with respective teacher.

b. To take guideline from subject teacher about project.
c. To collect information about topic of Mini Project.
d. To prepare a Proposal of Project.
e. To submit the Proposal of Project to the subject teacher.

➢ Actual Procedure Followed.

The first of our project management step is to settle on the idea of a project to collect all the
information about geothermal energy benefits and all over information about this project. In this
project some of the important points are included such as types of geothermal energy benefits
etc. by research on internet.
➢ Here some of the procedure is followed

1. Site Selection And Exploration: The first step is identifying a suitable geothermal
reservoir. This involves geological surveys, surface exploration, and geophysical and
geochemical analyses to locate areas with high geothermal potential.

2. Drilling Wells: Once a site is selected, drilling rigs are used to bore wells into the Earth's
crust to reach the geothermal reservoirs. These wells can be several kilometers deep to
access the hot water and steam.

3. Research Extraction: Hot water or steam extracted from the reservoir through the wells
is transported to the surface. In some cases, water is injected into the reservoir to
enhance or maintain the pressure, which is known as Enhanced Geothermal Systems
(EGS).

4. Electricity Generation (For Power Plants): The extracted steam (or hot water which is
then converted into steam) is used to turn turbines connected to generators. The steam
is cooled and condensed back into water in a cooling tower and can be re-injected into
the Earth to sustain the reservoir.

• Dry Steam Plants: use steam directly from the geothermal reservoir to drive the turbine.

• Flash Steam Plants: take high-pressure hot water from the ground, depressurize it into
steam, which can then be used to drive turbines.

• Binary Cycle Power Plant: transfer the heat from geothermal hot water to another liquid
that boils at a lower temperature than water; this secondary fluid vaporizes and drives
the turbines.

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4.0 Action Plan

Sr. No. Details of Planned start Planned finish Name of

activity date date responsible
team member
1. Selection of topic / /2025 / /2025 Muskan Ashim
Adhikari
2. Discussion on / /2025 / /2025 Muskan Ashim
project with guide Adhikari
3. Collect data / /2025 / /2025 Muskan Ashim
Adhikari
4. Working on / /2025 / /2024 Muskan Ashim
project Adhikari
5. Working on / /2025 / /2025 Muskan Ashim
drafting Adhikari

5.0 Resources Required

Sr. No. Name of Specifications Qty Remark

resources/
material
1. Books 1.Emerging and 1 √
trends in civil
engineering
2. Internet 1.Computers, 2 √
mobiles.

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 8

Annexure - ll
Part - B
Mini-Project Report
“Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy”

1.0 Rational
Civil Engineering sector has completed number of projects with conventional techniques to meet the
needs of the society. But, in recent two decades, various new innovative techniques are being used
worldwide, which our practicing engineers, are also partially using to achieve their goals. The emerging
trends in Civil Engineering help to complete the undertaken projects within prescribed schedule, saves
the natural resources and to make the projects eco- friendly. This subject helps to make awareness about
soft computing techniques, new materials, advanced machineries, sustainable resource management
and advancement in Civil Engineering.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Mini-Project

Aim: - Prepare A Report On Geothermal Energy
Benefits: - It is silent energy.
• It creates record numbers of jobs.
• Provides more energy for the same nominal power.
• Allows double recycling.
• The plants are long-lasting, safe and reliable.
• Requires very little maintenance.

3.0 Course Outcomes

1. Reveal different applications of software's for planning, designing and execution of projects.
2. Suggest the advanced materials as per site condition.
3. Recommend the suitable tools and equipments for the given situation.
4. Suggest the advanced resource management techniques for the give project.
5. Use the feasible advance techniques for various civil engineering projects.

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 9

4.0 Actual methodology followed
a. To discuss the topic of project with respective teacher.

b. To take guideline from subject teacher about project.

c. To collect information about topic of Mini Project.

d. To prepare a Proposal of Project.

e. To submit the Proposal of Project to the subject teacher

5.0 Output of the Mini-Project

• Identify the main idea.
• IDENTIFY the specific details.
• Distinguish main idea from details.
• Distinguish from opinions.

6.0 Applications of this Mini-Project

1. These systems use the relatively constant temperature of the earth a few feet below the
surface to regulate building temperatures efficiently.

2. Use geothermal heating to protect endangered species by creating warm environments

that mimic natural conditions.

3. Similar to road deicing, geothermal energy can be used to prevent ice formation on
bridges, which are often the first to freeze in cold weather due to their exposure to air
on all sides.

4. For buildings or complexes located near geothermal sources, it's possible to use the
geothermal water directly for hot water needs, reducing the energy required for water
heating.

7.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcome of this Mini-Project

a. Understanding the formation of geothermal resources.

b. Proficiency in geophysical and geochemical surveying techniques.

c. Skills in mitigating environmental impacts associated with geothermal exploration and

production.

d. Understanding of policies, regulations, and incentives affecting geothermal energy

development.

e. Knowledge of how geothermal energy integrates with other renewable energy sources
and the grid.

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8.0 Literature Review
➢ Purpose Of Geothermal Energy

1. Electricity Generation: Geothermal power plants generate electricity with minimal

environmental impact, providing a reliable and constant power supply unlike some
other renewable sources that may be intermittent (such as solar or wind).

2. Heating And Cooling: Geothermal heat is used directly for heating buildings, residential
complexes, and greenhouses, as well as for industrial processes that require low to
medium temperature heat. Geothermal heat pumps can efficiently heat and cool homes
by exploiting the constant temperatures just below the Earth's surface.

3. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: By replacing fossil fuel-based energy sources,

geothermal energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to
efforts to combat climate change.

4. Energy Independence: Geothermal energy can help regions reduce their dependence
on imported fuels, enhancing energy security and stability.

5. Economic Benefits: The development of geothermal resources can create jobs in

construction, operation, and maintenance of geothermal power plants and heating
systems. It can also stimulate local economies through the development of direct-use
applications and tourism (e.g., geothermal spas).

6. Sustainability: Geothermal energy is considered sustainable because the heat

extraction is small compared to the Earth's heat content. Properly managed geothermal
resources can provide a long-lasting energy supply.

7. Versatility: Geothermal energy can be harnessed for a wide range of temperatures,

making it suitable for various applications, from powering complex electricity grids to
simple heating solutions.

8. Low Operating Costs: Once a geothermal power plant is established, the operational
and maintenance costs are relatively low compared to fossil fuel and nuclear power
plants since it does not require fuel to operate.

❖ Types Of Geothermal Energy:

a) Dry Steam Power Plant

b) Flash Steam Power Plant

c) Binary Cycle Power Plant

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 1) Dry Steam Power Plant

A dry steam power plant is a type of geothermal power plant that generates electricity using
steam extracted directly from underground reservoirs of hot water or steam. Unlike other types
of geothermal power plants that utilize flash or binary cycle systems, dry steam power plants
use the steam as it comes out of the ground to drive turbines connected to generators, which
produce electricity. These power plants are typically located in areas with high temperature
geothermal resources and are considered one of the most efficient ways to harness
geothermal energy for electricity generation.

Dry steam power plant systems are the oldest type of geothermal power plants, first used
Italy, in 1904. Steam technology is still relevant today and is currently in use in northern
California at The Geysers, the world's largest single source of geothermal power.

Dry steam power plants utilize geothermal resources where steam directly from the
geothermal reservoir is used to drive turbines for electricity generation. These types of power
plants are typically located in areas with significant geothermal activity, such as geysers or
volcanic regions, where high-pressure, high-temperature steam is readily available.

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 2) Flash Steam Power Plant
Flash steam plants are the most common type of geothermal power plants in operation today.
Fluids at temperatures greater than 182°C/360°F, pumped from deep underground, travel
under high pressures to a low-pressure tank at the earth's surface.

• Geothermal Fluid Extraction

Hot water from underground reservoirs (usually at temperatures exceeding 180°C) is brought
to the surface through production wells.

• Flash Separation

The extracted hot water is depressurized or "flashed" in a separator, where it quickly vaporizes
into steam due to the sudden drop in pressure. This steam usually contains dissolved minerals
and gases from the geothermal fluid.

• Steam Turbine

The high-pressure steam drives a turbine, which in turn drives an electrical generator to
produce electricity.

Flash steam power plants are typically used in geothermal energy production. They harness
the natural heat from within the Earth to generate electricity. These plants are located in areas
where there is significant geothermal activity, such as geysers, hot springs, or regions with
high subsurface temperatures. Geothermal flash steam power plants utilize the high-pressure
hot water found deep underground to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to
generators, thereby generating electricity.

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 3) Binary Cycle Power Plant

A binary cycle power plant is a type of geothermal power plant that utilizes a binary cycle to
generate electricity. Unlike traditional geothermal power plants that use steam turbines, binary
cycle power plants use a closed-loop system involving two fluids: a working fluid with a lower
boiling point than water or geothermal brine from the geothermal reservoir. In a binary cycle
power plant, the heat from the geothermal fluid is used to vaporize a secondary working fluid
with a lower boiling point. This secondary fluid vaporizes at a lower temperature than water,
making it suitable for use in the system.

• Heat Exchange

Hot geothermal fluid or brine from underground reservoirs is pumped to the surface. This fluid
typically ranges from 150°C to 370°C (300°F to 700°F). The heat from the geothermal fluid is
transferred to the secondary fluid with a lower boiling point in a heat exchanger.

• Vaporization

The secondary fluid, which has a lower boiling point than water, vaporizes due to the heat
from the geothermal fluid. This vapor is used to drive a turbine.

In some industrial processes, waste heat streams with temperatures suitable for binary cycle
power generation can be utilized to generate electricity, improving overall energy efficiency.
Binary cycle power plants are suitable for remote areas where traditional power infrastructure
is not available, providing a sustainable and reliable source of electricity. Binary cycle power
plants can also be found in oil and gas fields.

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 ➢ Future Scope Of Geothermal Energy

1. Geothermal energy is renewable and sustainable, providing a constant and reliable

source of energy without relying on finite resources like fossil fuels. As the world moves
towards cleaner energy sources, geothermal is positioned as a significant player.

2. Geothermal energy has a low carbon footprint compared to traditional fossil fuels,
making it an attractive option for mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse
gas emissions.

3. Geothermal energy can be used for various purposes including electricity generation,
heating, and cooling. Its versatility allows it to be integrated into different sectors such
as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural, expanding its scope and
potential impact.

4. Advances in drilling techniques, reservoir engineering, and geothermal power plant

designs continue to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of geothermal energy
extraction. These advancements make geothermal energy more accessible and
attractive for investment and implementation.

5. Geothermal energy resources are widely distributed across the globe, offering
opportunities for countries to harness their indigenous energy sources and reduce
dependency on imported fuels. Regions with high geothermal potential can benefit
economically and environmentally from developing their geothermal resources.

6. Geothermal energy provides energy security by offering a stable and reliable source of
power that is not subject to geopolitical tensions or market fluctuations like fossil fuels.

GOVEMENT POLY. GADCHIROLI 15

10. Conclusion:
• Geothermal energy, as a renewable and sustainable energy source, offers a significant
advantage in the global effort to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease
greenhouse gas emissions.

• Its ability to provide a constant and reliable source of power, independent of weather
conditions, sets it apart from other renewable sources like solar and wind.

• Moreover, geothermal energy has a small land footprint and can significantly contribute
to local economies through job creation and energy security.

• However, its development and expansion are contingent upon overcoming challenges
such as high initial investment costs, location-specific resources, and potential
environmental impacts. With ongoing technological advancements and increased
financial support, geothermal energy has the potential to play a crucial role in achieving
a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

11. References
Textbook: - EMERGING TRENDS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
Author: - M.N. GANGRADE P.V. PATIL
Wikipedia
Internet:
https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/geothermal-energy
https://www.britannica.com/science/geothermal-energy

https://www.nrel.gov/research/re-geo-elec-production.html

https://archive.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/solutions/technologies/geothermal.html

https://www.greenfireenergy.com/how-does-geothermal-energy-work/

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