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Local Binary Patterns

Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is a texture descriptor used in image processing and computer vision for applications like facial recognition and defect detection. It operates by comparing each pixel with its neighbors to create a binary pattern, which is then transformed into a decimal value. LBP has several variants and is known for its computational efficiency, although it has limitations in capturing large-scale textures and is sensitive to noise.

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5 views

Local Binary Patterns

Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is a texture descriptor used in image processing and computer vision for applications like facial recognition and defect detection. It operates by comparing each pixel with its neighbors to create a binary pattern, which is then transformed into a decimal value. LBP has several variants and is known for its computational efficiency, although it has limitations in capturing large-scale textures and is sensitive to noise.

Uploaded by

THIRUNEELAKANDAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Local Binary Patterns (LBP) – Detailed Explanation

Introduction
Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is a texture descriptor used in image processing and computer
vision to analyze textures and patterns in an image. It is widely applied in applications such
as facial recognition, texture classification, and defect detection due to its computational
efficiency and robustness to illumination variations.

1. Working Principle of LBP


LBP operates by comparing each pixel in an image with its surrounding neighbors and
encoding the relationship into a binary pattern.
1.1 LBP Computation Steps
1. Select a pixel (center pixel): Consider a 3×3 neighborhood around the pixel.
2. Compare the neighbors: Compare the intensity value of each surrounding pixel with
the center pixel.
3. Binary Encoding: If a neighboring pixel’s value is greater than or equal to the center
pixel, assign it ‘1’; otherwise, assign it ‘0’.
4. Form a Binary Number: The 8-bit binary number obtained is converted into a
decimal value.
5. Replace the Center Pixel: The computed LBP value replaces the original center pixel
in the new transformed image.
1.2 Example of LBP Calculation
Consider a 3×3 grayscale image patch:
40 30 50

20 35 45

25 55 60
 The center pixel intensity is 35.
 Compare it with its neighbors:
o 40 ≥ 35 → 1
o 30 < 35 → 0
o 50 ≥ 35 → 1
o 20 < 35 → 0
o 45 ≥ 35 → 1
o 25 < 35 → 0
o 55 ≥ 35 → 1
o 60 ≥ 35 → 1
 The resulting binary pattern: 10101111 (which converts to decimal 175).
Thus, the LBP value of the center pixel is 175.

2. Variants of LBP
1. Basic LBP: Uses a 3×3 neighborhood and encodes local texture patterns.
2. Extended LBP (ELBP): Includes different radius sizes and neighbor sampling
points.
3. Uniform LBP (ULBP): A refined version where only patterns with at most two
bitwise transitions from 0 to 1 (or vice versa) are considered.
4. Rotation-Invariant LBP: The binary pattern is circularly rotated to get the minimum
value, making it rotation-invariant.
5. Multi-scale LBP: Uses multiple radii to capture texture details at different scales.

3. Mathematical Representation

4. Applications of LBP
 Facial Recognition: Used for extracting facial texture features.
 Texture Classification: Applied in medical imaging, material classification, and
pattern recognition.
 Defect Detection: Used in industrial quality control to detect anomalies in textures.
 Object Recognition: Helps in shape and texture-based object recognition tasks.

5. Advantages and Limitations


Advantages
✔ Computationally efficient and easy to implement.
✔ Rotation and illumination invariant (with proper modifications).
✔ Robust to noise and small variations in texture.
Limitations
✖ Limited in capturing large-scale textures.
✖ Not invariant to affine transformations.
✖ Sensitive to noise in homogeneous regions.

Conclusion
LBP is a powerful and efficient texture descriptor widely used in computer vision tasks. Its
ability to capture local patterns makes it effective for facial recognition, object detection, and
texture analysis. Various extensions such as Uniform LBP and Multi-Scale LBP further
enhance its capabilities.

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