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Lecture 2 - Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

The document provides an overview of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), detailing their layout, symbology, and the types of instruments used in process control. It outlines the importance of P&IDs in various applications such as job planning, safety analysis, and employee training. Additionally, it describes different engineering documents related to P&IDs, including process flow diagrams, instrument lists, and installation details.

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Drae Aaron Rogon
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16 views45 pages

Lecture 2 - Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

The document provides an overview of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), detailing their layout, symbology, and the types of instruments used in process control. It outlines the importance of P&IDs in various applications such as job planning, safety analysis, and employee training. Additionally, it describes different engineering documents related to P&IDs, including process flow diagrams, instrument lists, and installation details.

Uploaded by

Drae Aaron Rogon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Piping &

Instrumentation
Diagram
Fundamentals
Objectives:
Understanding a P&ID Layout
–Symbology
–Piping that connects the equipment
–Lines and instruments used to monitor and control the process
–Tag numbers and functional identifiers
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
• It is the overall design document for a process plant

• It shows the interconnection of process equipment


and the instrumentation used to control the process.

• Set of symbols are used to depict mechanical


equipment, piping, piping components, valves,
equipment drivers and instrumentation and controls.
P&IDs
– Piping & Instrumentation Drawing (original)
– Process & Instrumentation Diagram (also used)
– Process Flow Diagram – PFD (simplified version of the
P&ID)
– Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams or simply P&IDs are
the “schematics” used in the field of instrumentation and
control (Automation)
Who Uses P&IDs?
•Planning a job
•Writing a job safety analysis (JSA)
•Lockout before a repair
•Troubleshooting when problems arise
•Process hazard review
•Training new employees
Types of Instrumentation Symbols

• Instrument Symbols
• Line Symbols
• Valves and Actuators
Instrument Symbols

• Symbols such as circles, lines, letters, and numbers


are used to provide information about the process.

• Symbols may represent devices in the system or


indicate how devices are connected to each other.

• In this notation, shapes denote function while the


lines in the middle denote location or mounting
Line Symbols

• Line symbols indicate how instruments are


connected to each other and to the process and
represents the types of signals transmmited in the
process.

• Line Symbols could either be a process line symbol


or a signal line symbol.
Process Line Symbols
• Used to represent process lines and instrument connections.
• Process piping is generally shown with thick solid lines.
• Thin solid lines indicate instrument-to-process connections or
instrument tubing.

Signal Line Symbols


• Signal line symbols indicate the type of signal that connects
two instruments.
Valve and Actuator Symbols

• Indicates the action of actuation in a valve-


actuator instrument.

• Also indicates the position during fail mode.

• Valve are usually drawn as a bow tie shaped


symbol.
Tag Numbers

• Instrumentation Identification Number or Tag


Number is an alphanumeric code that provides
specific information about an instrument or its
function.

Contains two information


- Functional Identification
- Loop Identification
Loop Identification
• Loop identification numbers indicate the loop/system in which an
instrument belongs.
Functional Identifier
• A functional Identifier is a series of letters, or letter code, that
identifies the function of the instrument.
• The first letter identifies the measured or initiating variable.
• The succeeding letters designate one or more readout or passive
functions and/or output functions.
Different Engineering Documents

• Process Flow Diagram


• Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
• Instrument List
• Logic Diagrams
• Instrument Loop Diagram
• Installation Details
• Location Plans
Process Flow Diagram
• It is the fundamental representation of a process
that schematically depicts the conversion of raw
materials to finished products without delving
into details of how that conversion occurs.

• It defines the flow of material and utilities, basic


relationships between major pieces of
equipment, and establishes the flow, pressure
and temperature ratings of the process.
Instrument List
• Is an alphanumeric list of date related to a
facility’s instrumentation and control systems
components and functions.

• Reference the various documents that contain


the information needed to define the total
installation.
Logic Diagrams
• Drawings used to design and define the on-off or
sequential part of a continuous process plant.

• May involve the action of a simple switch or it


may entail a series of steps comprising a
complex automatic system.
Instrument Loop Diagrams

• A schematic representation of a single control


loop including its hydraulic, electric, magnetic
and pneumatic components.
Installation Details
• Used to show how the instrumentation and
control system components are connected and
interconnected to the process
• Define the requirements to correctly install an
instrumentation and control component.
Location Plans
• Orthographic views of the plant, drawn to scale,
that show the locations of instruments and
control system components.

• Show other control system hardware including


marshalling panels, termination racks, local
control panels, junctions boxes, instrument
racks, and power panels.
“You know more than you think you do”

-end-

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