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Database Languages and Interfaces

The document outlines the various database languages and interfaces used in Database Management Systems (DBMS). It details four main types of database languages: Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL), along with their purposes and operations. Additionally, it describes different interfaces such as Command-Line Interface (CLI), Graphical User Interface (GUI), and others that facilitate user interaction with databases.

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44 views

Database Languages and Interfaces

The document outlines the various database languages and interfaces used in Database Management Systems (DBMS). It details four main types of database languages: Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL), along with their purposes and operations. Additionally, it describes different interfaces such as Command-Line Interface (CLI), Graphical User Interface (GUI), and others that facilitate user interaction with databases.

Uploaded by

wojiton657
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Languages and Interfaces

A Database Management System (DBMS) provides tools and languages for defining,
manipulating, and querying data. These tools are divided into database languages for direct
interaction and interfaces for user-friendly access.

Database Languages

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)


• Purpose: Defines the database schema.
• Operations:
• CREATE: Create a new table, database, or other database objects.
• ALTER: Modify existing database structures.
• DROP: Delete database objects.
• Example:

CREATE TABLE Students (


ID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(50),
Age INT
);
ALTER TABLE Students ADD Gender VARCHAR(10);

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)


• Purpose: Manages and manipulates data within the database.
• Operations:
• SELECT: Retrieve data.
• INSERT: Add new data.
• UPDATE: Modify existing data.
• DELETE: Remove data.
• Example:

INSERT INTO Students (ID, Name, Age, Gender) VALUES (1, 'John', 20, 'Male');
SELECT * FROM Students;
UPDATE Students SET Age = 21 WHERE ID = 1;
DELETE FROM Students WHERE ID = 1;

3. Data Control Language (DCL)


• Purpose: Controls access to the database.
• Operations:
• GRANT: Provides access rights to users.
• REVOKE: Removes access rights from users.
• Example:

GRANT SELECT ON Students TO User1;


REVOKE SELECT ON Students FROM User1;

4. Transaction Control Language (TCL)


• Purpose: Manages database transactions to ensure data consistency.
• Operations:
• COMMIT: Saves all changes made during the transaction.
• ROLLBACK: Undoes changes made during the transaction.
• SAVEPOINT: Sets a point within a transaction for partial rollback.
• Example:

BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO Students (ID, Name, Age, Gender) VALUES (2, 'Alice', 22, 'Female');
COMMIT;

Database Interfaces
1. Command-Line Interface (CLI)
• Description: Direct interaction with the DBMS using commands.
• Examples:
• MySQL command-line client.
• Oracle SQL*Plus.
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Description: Provides a user-friendly visual interface for database operations.
• Features:
• Drag-and-drop tools for schema design.
• Query builders for generating SQL queries.
• Examples:
• phpMyAdmin (for MySQL).
• pgAdmin (for PostgreSQL).
3. Application Program Interface (API)
• Description: Enables applications to interact with the database programmatically.
• Examples:
• JDBC (Java Database Connectivity).
• ODBC (Open Database Connectivity).

4. Query Language Interface


• Description: Allows users to interact with the database using a query language (e.g.,
SQL).
• Example:
• Writing SQL queries to retrieve or manipulate data.

5. Form-Based Interface
• Description: Provides forms to input, update, or retrieve data.
• Features:
• Simplifies interaction for non-technical users.
• Examples:
• MS Access forms.

6. Natural Language Interface


• Description: Allows interaction with the database using natural language commands.
• Examples:
• "Show me all students older than 20."
• AI-driven systems like ChatGPT querying a database.

7. Web-Based Interface
• Description: Enables database interaction over the web using a browser.
• Examples:
• Online database management systems (e.g., Google Firebase Console).

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