Solutions 6(b) 1

Complete solutions to Exercise 6(b)

1. (a) We have
y = x3
dy
= 3x 2
dx by (6.2)
(b) y = 3x 5 + x 3 . We have
dy
= ( 5 × 3) x5−1 + 3x 2
dx by part (a)
by (6.3)

= 15 x 4 + 3 x 2 = 3x 2 ( 5 x 2 + 1) ( Factorizing )
(c) y = x + sin( x ) . Rewrite this as y = x + sin( x ) 12

dy 1 1 2−1 1
= x + cos ( x ) = x −1 2 + cos ( x )
dx 2 2
by (6.6)
by (6.2)
1
+ e + cos(x ). Note that n a = a1 n
x
(d) y = 3
x
1
y = 1 3 + e x + cos ( x ) = x −1 3 + e x + cos ( x )
x
= − x −1 3−1 + e x + ( − sin ( x ) )
dy 1
dx 3
by (6.7)

1
= − x − 4 3 + e x − sin ( x )
3
3 5 3 5
(e) y = + 3 . Rewrite this as y = 1 2 + 1 3 = 3x −1 2 + 5x −1 3 .
x x x x
Differentiating by (6.3) gives:
dy ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
= 3 ⎜ − ⎟ x −1 2−1 + 5 ⎜ − ⎟ x −1 3−1
dx ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
3 5
= − x −3 2 − x − 4 3
2 3
ds 2
2. (i) v = = 75 − 3t
dt
(ii) Hence substituting v = 0 into part (i):
75 − 3t 2 = 0
3t 2 = 75
t 2 = 25 gives t = 5s

′
(6.2) (x ) = nx
n n−1

′
(6.3) (kx ) = nkx
n n−1

′
(6.6) (sin(x )) = cos( x )
(6.7) (cos(x ))′ = − sin(x )
 Solutions 6(b) 2

1 dV 1
3. We have V = = ρ −1 . Differentiating gives = − ρ −2 = − 2 .
ρ dρ ρ
4. Using TABLE 2 we have
d d
(a)
dx
[cos(3x )] = −3sin(3x ) (b)
dx
[sin(πx )]= π cos(πx )
d 11 x
(c)
dx
(e )= 11e 11x
5. Since φ = Ksin (2π ft ) we have
d
E = −N ⎡ K sin ( 2π ft ) ⎤⎦
dt ⎣
d
= − KN ⎡⎣sin ( 2π ft ) ⎤⎦
dt
= − 2π fKN cos ( 2π ft )
by (6.12)

6. We use the chain rule, (6.10), for each case:

du dy
= 2x and y = sin(u), = cos(u)
2
(a) Let u = x then
dx du
dy
= 2x cos(u) = 2x cos(x )
2

dx
du dy
(b) Let u = sin ( x ) then = cos( x ) and y = e ,
u
=e
u

dx du
dy
= eu cos( x ) = e sin ( x ) cos( x )
dx
du dy 1
2
(c) Let u = x , = 2x and y = ln (u), =
dx du by (6. 9) u
dy 1
= 2x
dx u
1 2
= 2 2x =
x x
Alternatively: ln (x ) = 2 ln( x )
2

dy d 2
= 2 ⎡⎣ ln ( x ) ⎤⎦ =
dx dx x
du dy
3
(d) Let u = 2x − 3x, = 6x − 3 and y = cos(u),
2
= − sin(u)
dx du
= ( 6 x 2 − 3) ⎡⎣ − sin ( u ) ⎤⎦
dy
dx
= − ( 6 x 2 − 3) ⎡⎣sin ( 2 x 3 − 3 x ) ⎤⎦

= ( 3 − 6 x 2 ) ⎡⎣sin ( 2 x 3 − 3x ) ⎤⎦

d 1
(6.9)
dx
[ln (x )] =
x
dy dy du
(6.10) = .
dx du dx
d
(6.12)
dt
[sin(kt )]= k cos(kt )
 Solutions 6(b) 3

du dy
(e) Let u = x 2 + 1, = 2x and y = u10 , = 10u9
dx du
dy
= 10u9 (2x ) = 10(2x )(x 2 + 1) = 20x (x 2 + 1)
9 9

dx
du dy
7 4
(f) Let u = 5x + 3x , = 35x 6 + 12x 3 and y = tan (u), = sec2 (u)
dx du
dy
= (35x + 12x )sec (5x + 3x 4 )
6 3 2 7

dx