Project

(a) Using a word processor, typeset the following passage with 12 point Times New
. Romans font.
nigeria national anthem

arise, o compatriots
nigeria’s call obey
to serve our fatherland
with love and strength and faith
the labour of our heroes past
shall never be in vain
to serve with heart and might
one nation bound in freedom, peace and unity.

(b) Format the passage as stated below:

(i) Heading of the Passage: apply a 14 point Times New Roman in upper case form.
Bold, centralize and underline it;
(ii) Body of the Passage: change the first letter of each line to upper case;
(iii) change the second word in the first line to upper case;
(iv) in line 3, change the first letter of the last word to upper case.
(c) Save your work in a suitable storage device.
Print out the hard copy of your work and submit.
Weeks Topics Contents
1. Revision/Definition Of Computer I. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Processing II. Memory
III. Input Units
IV. Output Units.
V. Uses of Computer in communication
2 Importance of Computer as a Data
Processing Tool I. Data Processing Techniques

II. Importance of the Computer as a Tool for Data

Processing
3 The Device ,I. Definition of a Device

II. Class of Devices

4 Types of Computer I. Digital computer

II. Analogue Computer

III. Hybrid computer

5 Uses and Application of Computer I. Uses of Computer

II. Application of Computers

 III. Advantages of Computer.

IV. Disadvantages of Computer

6 Advantages and Disadvantages of I. Advantages of Computers
Computer II. Disadvantages
7 Mastery of the Keyboard I I. Keyboard
II. Features of Standard Keyboard
III. Features of Enhanced Keyboard

8 Mastery of the Keyboard II I. Types of Enhances Keyboard

II. Sections of the Keyboard
9 Fundamental Computer Operation I. Booting
II. Starting up a Micro Computer System
10 Revision Revision
11 Examination and Closure Examination and Closure
12 Examination and Closure Examination and Closure

Summary Lesson Note for Year 7

Week 1: Definition of Computer Processing

COMPUTER PROCESSING

Computer processing is an action

or series of actions that a
microprocessor, also known as a
central processing unit (CPU), in
a computer performs when it
receives information. The CPU is
a type of electronic “brain” for
a computer system, and it
executes a series of instructions
that are fed to it by software programs installed onto a computer’s hard
drive and loaded into random access memory (RAM). Though
modern computer systems have become much faster and more complex than
 their earlier counterparts, they still perform the same basic type
of computer processing.

There are four distinct states that

processing goes through in order to
produce meaningful output for any
program. These states are commonly
referred to as (fetch, decode, execute
and write back).

A computer has four main components: the central processing unit or CPU,
the primary memory, input units and output units. A system bus connects all
the four components, passing and relaying information among them.

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Computer scientists typically call the CPU

the “brain” of the computer because this is
where programs are executed. The CPU is
further broken up into three smaller
components: the arithmetic unit handles all
the simple mathematical computations; the
control units interpret the instructions in
a computer program; and the instruction decoding unit
converts computer programming instructions into machine code.

 Memory

Once the CPU converts a specific set of computer program instructions into
machine code, it stores that machine code in primary storage or memory. The
machine code will be treated as either data or instructions. The CPU
fetches data and instructions from memory, uses an instruction to manipulate
the data, and then sends the result and the next set of instructions back to
memory.
 Input Units

Input units are all the devices you use to feed data to the computer, such as a
keyboard, a hard drive or a networking card. These devices, in essence,
bring data from the “outside world” into your computer, in much the same
way that your eyes and ears bring information to your brain. Each input device
has its own hardware controller that connects to the CPU and primary
memory, and it has a set of instructions that tells the CPU how to use it.

 Output Units

Output units are the devices your computer uses to relay information to the
user, such as a printer, monitors and speakers. For example, everything you see
on your computer monitor starts as machine code in memory. The CPU takes
that machine code and converts it into a format required by your monitor’s
hardware. Your monitor’s hardware then converts that information into
different light intensities so that you see words or pictures.

EVALUATION

1. Define computer processing.

2. State four main components of computer.

Uses of Computer in communication

1. Computer gadgets such as mobile phones, palmtops can be used in

communicating
2. The use of Video and Tele-conferencing in having meeting(s) with various
members of staff or board of directors in different locations, with the ability to
view themselves.
3. Used in sending and receiving mails through the internet.
4. Used in multi- media communications.

Uses of Computer in Timing and Control

1. Traffic Control
2. Weather Control
3. Machine Control
4. Airplane Control

Uses of computer in information Processing and Management

 Marketing: individuals and companies also use the system to source for e-
shopping, 0n-line payment and delivery of ordered goods.
 Generation of payroll: Computers can be used to prepare and process payroll
through Microsoft Excel.
 Accounting and Banking: Computers are used to keep proper and effective
records of both goods and customer’s money.

Uses of computer in the society

 Health Care: Hospitals are comprehensively computerized in order to

facilitate patient care at competitive cost.
 Airlines: Airline reservation agent communicates with a
centralized computer via a remote terminal to update the database the moment
a seat on any flight is filled or becomes available.
 Law: Lawyers use keywords to search through massive full text database
containing more cases than in any law office’s library.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Define computer processing.

2. State four main components of computer.
3. State five uses of computer in the society.

Summary Lesson Note for Year 7

Week 2: Importance of Computer as a Tool for Processing Data
DATA PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

There are different basic techniques of data processing namely:

Batch Processing
Real Time Processing

Time Sharing Processing

Demand Processing

Multi Processing

BATCH PROCESSING

It is a technique by which a number of jobs (data) are inputed into

the computer system at the same time and the computer is made to execute
those jobs, one after the other in sequence, at its own pace. This type of
processing is suitable for accounting and business applications such as payroll
accounts, invoicing, purchases, sales, ledger etc.

REAL TIME PROCESSING

In Real-Time Processing data are processed immediately, now. It is processed

in rapid manner so that the results of the processing are available in time to
influence the current activity or process being monitored or controlled. It is
useful in transaction application where time is a critical factor e.g. airline
reservations, banks etc.

TIME SHARING

In time-sharing processing, many users can work with the computer through
terminals that are connected to remote distance. Here, the processor time is
shared among variable number of users at essentially the same time, that is, it
allows simultaneity and concurrency. Each user is given a fraction of the
processor time, at the elapse of which the processor is switched over to
another user.
 DEMAND PROCESSING

This is a type of processing that is done only when it becomes

necessary. The data have been stored in the computer memory, and would
then be processed when it becomes necessary.

MULTI PROCESSING

In all the modes of computer operation discussed earlier only one processor is
in the system. A multi processing system is one in which there are two or
more processors that may be sharing the same main memory. This makes
simultaneous execution of two or more programs possible.

ONLINE PROCESSING

This is a kind of processing whereby many terminals are directly connected to

the CPU. It also involves a method of entering transaction and getting the
output immediately. An online system is not always a real time response
system, but real time system must have an online capability.

EVALUATION

1. Define data processing.

2. State four data processing techniques.

IMPORTANCE OF THE COMPUTER AS A TOOL FOR DATA PROCESSING

The following are advantages of using computers for data processing:

1. Speeds: Computer operations (the execution of an instruction such as the

addition of two numbers) are done at the speed of light i.e. data is processed at
a very fast rate when using the computer.
2. Accuracy: The computer is very accurate when processing data, it is not prone
to errors like human beings.
3. Reliability: Computers can work for long periods of time performing repetitive
tasks without complaining and a user can be sure that a directive given to
the computer will be carried out.
4. Storage: Computer storage is far more efficient such that the quantity
of data stored at any point can be accessed anytime it is required.
5. Memory Capability: Computer systems can store a huge amount of data or
information and they have total and instant recall of these data.
6. Exchange of information: Computer has the ability to exchange information
quickly and easily with computers and other devices.
7. Efficiency and productivity can be raised.
8. Running cost becomes lower in the long term.
9. Overall security can be raised due to less human intervention.

It may be noted however that, the use of computer for data processing has its
own disadvantages: like, it is expensive, it requires trained personnel and it is
costly to maintain.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Define data processing.

2. List any four processing techniques.
3. Give two advantages of using computer to process information.
4. Give two disadvantages of using computer for data processing

Week 3: Definition and classes of Devices

DEFINITION OF A DEVICE

Devices are instruments, equipment or machines made to perform specific

functions.

Analogue device
Early counting devices Electronic device
Mechanical devices
 CLASS OF DEVICES

Devices can be classified into four types:

 Early counting devices

 Mechanical devices
 Electrical device
 Electronic device
 Analogue device

EVALUATION

1. What is a device?
2. List the five classes of device.

1. Early counting devices: Examples of this include stones, pebbles, beads,

fingers and toes, sticks, grains, marks on the wall etc.
2. Mechanical devices: mechanism consisting of a device that works on
mechanical principles. Examples of this include ship, cart, sewing machine,
motorcycle, car, typewriter, wheel barrow, Abacus, Slide rule, Napier bone,
Pascaline, Jacquard’s loom, Babbage’s analytic engine
3. Electrical devices: take the energy of electric current and transform it in
simple ways into some other form of energy Examples include electric iron,
electric kettle, blender, mixer, electric clipper, fridge, fan, washing machine,
grinding machine etc
4. Electronic devices: are components for controlling the flow of electrical
currents for the purpose of information processing and system control.
Examples include photocopier, scoreboard, calculator, radio, camera,
television, telephone and computer.
5. Anologue: They are used to measure things that change from time to time.
Examples include: barometer, thermometer, weighing scale, rain gauge etc.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is a device?
2. List the five classes of device.
3. State the examples of devices.
Week 4: Types of computer
There are three types of Computers namely:

Digital computer

Analogue Computer

Hybrid computer

Digital Computer

Digital computer system is a system or device

using discrete signals or values to
represent data numerically. They are computers
that are used for counting and to work on
numbers.

It works on data of non-continuous or discontinuous nature. Most digital

representation in computing is based on the binary system. For example, the
channel select on the television set is a digital device because it restricts you to
a discrete set of channels. Another example is the digital wrist watch which
shows you the exact time in digits and digital computers, calculator,
microcomputer, digital ammeter.

Analogue Computer

These are computers that work on non-discrete or

continuous data. In contrast to digital computers, they
have continuous value. They are used to measure values
that changes from time to time. Examples of such
measurements are temperature, speed, weight etc. . They
measure physical quantities and convert them to
numbers. Examples of analogue devices are thermometer, speedometer, fuel
gauge, electric meters ,petrol dispenser at petrol station and analogue ammeter.
 They are mostly used in industrial operations.

Hybrid Computers

The high speed of analogue machine is combined

with the flexibility of a digital machine. A
hybrid computer is made up of digital and an
analogue connect together in a system.

Hybrid computers are mostly used in

scientific research and technical application because
they count and measure. They have both ability to handle discrete and non-
discrete data since the properties of analogue and digital are combined in
hybrid computers.

EVALUATION

1. Mention the three types of Computers.

2. Write short notes on the three types of Computers.

Week 5: Uses and Application of Computer

USES OF COMPUTER
1. Computer can be used in computer schools, hospitals, government offices.
2. Computers are used for organizing data management and information.
3. It enhances the learning process with interactivity e.g students’ compact disk.
4. It aids communication system through e-mail, teleconferencing, telephone E-
presence.
5. It is also used for word processing i.e. used to write letters, memos and
documents.
6. Computers are used for graphical presentation such as production of all sorts
of cards, letterheads calendars etc.
7. It is used for fun, excitement and relaxation through computer games.
8. It helps to plan schedule and control people resources and cost of project.
 APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS

1. Computer in education: they are used as teaching aids in CAL

(Computer Aided Learning) or CAI(Computer Aided Instruction).
2. Personnel administration: are required for the keeping of comprehensive
records on employees.
3. Computer in business: is used for planning and forecasting using simulated
scenarioss. For experience and solution.
4. Medicine: used to check health parameters of patients.
5. Banking: helps to solve large amount of bank dealings and operations.
6. Engineering: complex calculations and drawings are easily tackled.
7. Recreational activities: used for playing games for relaxation, fun and
excitement.
8. Computer in art and music: the use of AutoCAD(computer aided drawings;
amateur and professional musicians can compose or play and refine existing
musical composition on computer.

EVALUATION

1. Mention five uses of computer in the society.

2. State five application areas of computers.

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

1. Computers are fast.

2. They have large storage facilities.
3. Computers are very accurate.
4. It performs more operations that can be effectively performed manually.
5. Computer accommodates growth i.e enabling the organisation to move
forward and compete effectively with other firms.
6. Provides immediate access to data i.e providing customers and clients with
immediate responses to inquire about services rendered.
7. Assist with decision making i.e. delivering information n timely manner.
 DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

1. Computer systems are very expensive and not everybody could afford to buy
one.
2. Computer is an electronic device that cannot think on its own i.e. garbage in
garbage out (GIGO).
3. It makes some professional jobless.
4. Misuse of computer information can be extended to include computer crime
5. The uses of computer are limited to availability of electric power
6. Computers can easily be attacked by virus.
7. The uses of computer are limited to professional or educated users.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. State five uses of computer.

2. State five areas of application of Computer.
3. State three for each the advantages and disadvantages of computer.

Week 6: Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS

1. Computers are widely used for data processing because they possess certain
advantages over manual labour by humans.
2. Computer can be used to process data at a faster speed.
3. Increased access to the information stored in the resource centre.
4. Process data at an accurate rate.
5. It can be used to process a very large volume of transaction no matter
how complex it may appear.
6. Reliable in its work.
7. It has a large storage capacity
8. It provides a better job quality.
9. Increased efficiency – information stored on a computer database can be
used for different purposes.
 DISADVANTAGES

Unemployment

Different tasks are performed automatically by using computers. It reduces the

need of people and increases unemployment in society.

Wastage of Time and Energy

Many people use computers without positive purpose. They play games and
chat for a long period of time. It causes wastage of time and energy. Young
generation is now spending more time on the social media websites like
Facebook, Twitter etc or texting their friends all night through smartphones
which is bad for both studies and their health and it also has adverse effects on
the social life.

EVALUATION

1. State four advantages of computer

2. State two disadvantages of computer.

Data Security

The data stored on a computer can be accessed by unauthorized persons

through networks. It has created serious problems for the data security.

Computer Crimes

People use the computer for negative activities. They hack the credit card
numbers of the people and misuse them or they can steal important data from
big organizations.

Privacy Violation

The computers are used to store personal data of the people. The privacy of a
person can be violated if the personal and confidential records are not
protected properly.
 Health Risks

The improper and prolonged use of computer can results in injuries or

disorders of hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks and backache . The users can
avoid health risks by using the computer in proper position. They must also
take regular breaks while using the computer for longer period of time. It is
recommended to take a couple of minutes break after 30 minutes
of computer usage.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Define data security

2. State the problems associated to data security.

Week 7 and 8: Mastery of the keyboard

KEYBOARD

Keyboard is an electronic
device with several groups
of keys electronically linked
to the processor when
attached to
a computer system. It is the
common input device used
for entering data into
the computer.

Thereare two main types keyboards used with micro – computer; they are:

1. Standard keyboard
2. Enhanced keyboard

Features of Standard Keyboard

 It has ten functions keys. (F1 – F10)
 It has four arrow keys
 It ha 84 – 89 keys

Features of Enhanced Keyboard

 It has 12 function keys ( F1 – F12)

 It has 8 arrow keys
 It has 101 – 105 keys

Types of Enhances Keyboard

1. Multimedia keyboard
2. Programming keyboard
3. Cordless keyboard

Sections of the Keyboard

Keyboard is basically divided into five sections;

1. Alphanumeric keys: These are made up of alphabets and numbers.

2. Function keys (F1 – F12)
3. Control keys: DEL, CTRL, esc and Alt
4. Cursor: Control the screen movement keys e. g. arrow, home, end, page up etc.
5. Numeric keypad: It is arranged in a calculator type structure.

Correct Sitting Position

 Make sure you have correct sitting posture to avoid back ache,eye strain and
aching hands
 Adjustable seat back.
 Room to move your legs,
 Screen at comfortable height.
 Use anti-glare protector.

Using the Keyboard to Type Names, Letter

Use of software tutor e.g Mavis beacon typing tutor

Attempt using your ten fingers to type

Have a soft touch on the keyboard

EVALUATION

1. State correct sitting positions for mastering keyboard typing acts.

2. State the uses of keyboard.
3. Define the keyboard.
4. State the two types of keyboard.
5. Mention five sections of the keyboard.

Week 9: Fundamental Computer Operation

Booting
Booting is the process of starting the computer or preparing the computer for
use.

Starting up a Micro Computer System

When the power button is pressed to boot up, the PC goes through a process
called power- on – self test (POST). This POST enables the computer to read
several files to remind itself what it should be doing and to perform a complex
series of tests to make sure all its hardware components are working properly.

When the computer is booted up, an electrical current travels to the

microprocessor and resets the chip to clear its memory. During reset, the
microprocessor sends a command to the computer’s read only memory
(ROM) chips to run the computer’s basic input/output system (BIOS) boot
program. Thereafter, the boot program connects the hard drive, loading
windows XP/VISTA/7 core system files through the microprocessor and
loading the device driver software needed to allow communication between
the operating system and the PC’s hardware.
 After communicating with the video card to create the desktop environment,
windows operating system then opens the Startup folder which is immediately
accessed from the hard drive and loaded through the microprocessor into
RAM, after which the computer is ready for use.

There are two types of booting:

1. Cold booting
2. Warm booting

Cold booting: The process of switching the computer by pressing the power
switch on the system unit.

Warm booting: The process of restarting the computer by pressing the reset
button on the system unit or by using the ctrl + Alt + Del key.

EVALUATION

1. Define booting.
2. List and explain the two types of booting.
3. State the acronym for the following: (i) POST (ii) BIOS

Week 10: Revision