Line chart and their features

How to write an opening

1. Template 1: "The line graph illustrates the changes in [variable] over a period of [time]."

Example: The line graph illustrates the changes in temperature over a period of one year.

2. Template 2: "The line graph provides a comparison of [variable] between [group 1] and [group
2] over [time]."

Example: The line graph provides a comparison of sales between Company A and Company B
over a five-year period.

3. Template 3: "The line graph shows the trend in [variable] for different [categories] over [time]."

Example: The line graph shows the trend in unemployment rates for different age groups over
the past decade.

4. Template 4: "The line graph displays the relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] over
[time]."

Example: The line graph displays the relationship between hours of study and exam scores over
a semester.

5. Template 5: "The line graph depicts the fluctuations in [variable] during [time] in [location]."

Example: The line graph depicts the fluctuations in stock prices during the first quarter of 2022
in New York.

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How to write an overall

1. Template 1: "In conclusion, the line graph clearly demonstrates the overall trend of [variable]
over [time]."

Example: In conclusion, the line graph clearly demonstrates the overall trend of population
growth over the past decade.

2. Template 2: "Overall, the line graph reveals a significant increase/decrease in [variable]

Example: Overall, the line graph reveals a significant increase in average monthly rainfall
throughout the rainy season.

3. Template 3: "From the line graph, it is evident that there is a gradual/steep rise/fall in
[variable] over the specified time frame."

Example: From the line graph, it is evident that there is a gradual rise in the number of website
visitors over the course of a year.

4. Template 4: "The line graph highlights the overall pattern of [variable] with fluctuations
observed during certain periods."

Example: The line graph highlights the overall pattern of stock prices with fluctuations observed
during economic downturns.

5. Template 5: "In summary, the line graph provides a clear overview of the changes in [variable]
over time, indicating [main observation]."

Example: In summary, the line graph provides a clear overview of the changes in temperature
over time, indicating a gradual increase in average temperatures.

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 INCREASE DECREASE
Ascend/ Surge/ Rise/ Soar/ Skyrocket Decline/ Decrease/ Dwindle/ Plummet/ Drop
Steadily increase Experience a sharp decline
Experience a sharp incline Witness a significant decrease
Witness a substantial growth Exhibit a downward trend
Exhibit an upward trend Show a progressive decline
Show a progressive climb Display a downward trajectory
Display an upward trajectory Demonstrate a downward movement
Demonstrate an upward movement Mark a substantial downturn
Mark a significant upturn Reflect a notable decrease
Reflect a notable uptick Indicate a steady downward progression
Indicate a steady upward progression Experience gradual decrease
STAYING IN THE SAME CHANGING DIRECTION
Remain constant Shift
Maintain stability Alter course
Exhibit no change Veer
Show a flat trend Deviate
Experience a plateau Change trajectory
Demonstrate a steady state Take a different path
Reflect a consistent level Transition/ Pivot/ Turn
Display a static pattern Switch direction
Mark a period of equilibrium Experience a reversal
Indicate a lack of variation Undergo a transformation
Sustain a steady level Shift gears
Stay at a consistent level Adjust the course
Hold steady Move in a new direction
Persist with no change
Retain the same value
HIGHEST POINT LOWEST POINT
their numbers peaked at dived down to a low of
shot up to a peak of down to a low of
rose right up to reached their lowest point
reached their highest point at dipped to their lowest point
increased to their highest point sunk to a low of
reached a high of continuing to drop until
continued to rise until going all the way down to

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Only one line in one
The graph below shows the area of land from which grain was harvested. Write a
report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant

The line chart shows the statistics about the proportion of vegetarian adolescents in the
United Kingdom from 1960 to 2020. The graph illustrates a substantial surge in the adoption
of a vegetarian diet among UK teenagers from 1960 to 1970. Although there was a notable decline
during the 1980s, it is anticipated that the trend will continue to rise in the future.

Between 1960 and 1980, there was a gradual increase in the number of UK teenagers adhering
to a vegetarian diet, reaching a peak of about 15% in 1980. This was the largest percentage of
young vegetarians in the UK during that time period. There was a significant decrease, followed
by a small increase thereafter. According to the graph, there was a decline in the years after the
peak vertex in 1980. Subsequently, it is anticipated to steadily rise. Between 1990 and 2000,
this ratio experienced fluctuations and reached its lowest peak in this time frame, just above 3%.

Analysis of the data reveals that the proportion of young individuals adhering to a vegetarian
diet had volatility, but ultimately exhibited a progressive growth until 2010. Projections
suggest that this percentage will stay relatively stable in the next decade.

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The line graph below shows the changes in the share price of Outokumpu companies
in euros between January 2006 and December 2010.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below. Write at least
150 words.

The graph illustrates the fluctuations and general decrease in the stock price of Outokumpu
over a span of five years, from January 2006 to December 2010.

At the start of this time, the share price was at EUR 13 per share. Multiple oscillations
occurred until late 2006, at which point there was a rapid surge from EUR 21 to EUR 31.
However, this elevated price was short-lived and subsequently declined until seeing a significant
resurgence in 2008. Starting from mid-2008, there was a significant and continuous decline in
value until the end of the year, reaching its lowest point in this era at little over EUR 7 per share.
Subsequently, the share price rebounded and, notwithstanding occasional oscillations, steadily
ascended until it reached a pinnacle of EUR 17 in early 2010. By the close of 2010, the trend
reversed and declined once again, ending the year just over EUR 12.

Outokumpu saw substantial fluctuations in its financial performance throughout this time,
resulting in an overall loss of around EUR 1 per share.

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Both lines in one
The graph below shows population figures for India and China since the year 2000 and
predicted population growth up until 2050.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Be predicted to/ be forecasted to/ be projected to/ will be seen/

The graph illustrates the population dynamics of India and China from 2000 to the present,
as well as their projected future changes.

China had a larger population than India in the year 2000. The Chinese population amounted to
1.25 billion, whilst India's population was at about 1 billion. From 2000 until the present, the
population of Indian citizens has increased by 0.2 billion. During the same time frame, China's
population has grown by 0.1 billion, surpassing 1.35 billion.

Based on the graph, India's population is projected to grow at a faster rate than China's.
Experts predict that by 2030, both nations would have an equal population of 1.45 billion.
Subsequently, China's population is projected to see a little decline to 1.4 billion by 2050, whilst
India's population is expected to rise and reach 1.6 billion.

Thus, over the 50-year period, India is going to experience steady growth in its population and it
will overtake China. On the other hand, China's population will peak in 2030 and then begin
to fall.

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 Predictions/ Expectations/ Anticipations/ Forecasts/ Estimates/ Evaluations/ Calculations + show/ reveal/
indicate + (that) S will V

It is predicted/ expected/ anticipated/ forecast/ estimated/ evaluated/ calculated/ that S will V

S is/are + predicted/ expected/ anticipated/ forecast/ estimated/ evaluated/ calculated to V

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The graph below shows waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

five-fold

The graph illustrates the rates of waste recycling in the United States from 1960 to 2011,
shown in both percentage and tonnage.

From 1960 to 1970, the yearly recycling rate for waste stayed consistently over 6%.
Subsequently, it saw a gradual increase over the next 15 years, reaching a level of 10.1% in
1985.

Conversely, the quantity of waste being recycled had a threefold increase over the same
timeframe, surging from 5.6 million tons in 1960 to 16.7 million tons in 1985. After seeing a
substantial surge, the quantity of recyclable waste material has notably increased from 1985
to 2011, reaching its highest point at 86.9 million tons.

In a similar fashion, the rate of recycling saw significant growth from 1985 to 1995, followed
by a more gradual increase over the subsequent 15 years, culminating in a high of 34.7% in 2011.
Nevertheless, this statistic remains unsatisfactory when compared to the whole quantity of
garbage being recycled annually.

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The graph below gives information from Annual Energy Outlook 2008 about
consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projection until 2030.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

The graph depicts the energy use in the United States from 1980 to 2030, including projected
data.

Historical data indicates that Petrol and Oil have been the primary fuel sources, with
consumption increasing from 35 quadrillion (35q) units in 1980 to 42q in 2012. Although there
were significant variations between 1980 and 1995, there was a consistent upward trend, which
is projected to continue, reaching a quantity of 47q by 2030.

The energy consumption from natural gas and coal had a comparable trend over the given time
frame. Gas and coal had divergent trends in 1980, with gas seeing a significant decline from 20q
to 15q, while coal showed a progressive rise. The use of these two fuels reached parity between
1985 and 1990. The level of consumption has varied since 1990, but now both sources indicate a
quantity of 24q. The estimated coal consumption is expected to increase to 31 quadrillion units
(q) by 2030, while natural gas is forecasted to stay steady at 25 quadrillion units (q) after 2014.

In 1980, solar/wind, nuclear, and hydropower accounted for the smallest proportion of energy use,
amounting to just 4 quadrillion units. The nuclear energy sector has had a 3% increase, while
the solar and wind energy sectors have seen a 2% gain. Hydropower has regressed below the 1980
level since 2005. The value is anticipated to stay mostly stable until 2030, while the other values
are forecasted to steadily increase after 2025.

In general, fossil fuels will continue to be the primary energy source for the United States,
supplemented by a small amount of hydroelectric power, nuclear energy, and a small portion of
renewable energy such as wind and solar power.

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Exercise
Exercise 1

The graph shows Underground Station passenger numbers in London.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The given line graph depicts data on the volume of individuals using the underground
station in London during a standard day. The graph clearly indicates that the peak hours for
the subterranean station occur around 8:00 am and 6:00 pm.

The station has its peak use in the morning, particularly around 8:00 AM. There is a significant
increase in activity between 6:00 am and 8:00 am, with over 400 individuals using the station
around 7:30 am. Subsequently, the number rapidly decreases to less than 200 by around 10:00
am. During the time frame of 11:00 am to 3:00 pm, the number of individuals using the
underground station has a recurring increase, reaching around 300 persons, with minor
variations.

In the afternoon, the number of persons utilizing the station decreases, with less than 100
individuals present by 4:00 pm. By 6:00 pm, this number hits 380. Following 7:00 pm, there is a
substantial decrease in the overall passenger count, which then varies over the subsequent two
hours between 8:00 pm and 10:00 pm.

London underground station has high levels of activity throughout the morning and early
evening hours.

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Exercise 2

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between
1940 and 2040 in three different countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature and make comparisons
where relevant.

The given image depicts the facts on the proportions of old individuals in three countries.
This study aimed to gather further information from three distinct countries, namely Japan,
Sweden, and the USA. All of the samples consisted of individuals aged 65 and older, while
the data offers insights into a century-long timeframe.

In 1940, the proportion of elderly individuals in Sweden and the USA was similar, with both
countries having roughly 10% of their entire population comprised of older people. These nations
had a consistent and gradual increase in the population of old individuals over the course of many
years. Meanwhile, it is projected that in 2040, there will be a similar outcome; the population of
their older generation is expected to increase by almost 25% during that year.

Furthermore, in 1940, Japan had the lowest place among the rated nations, with a smaller
population of elderly individuals compared to the other two countries. In the future, Japan is
projected to have the highest percentage of elderly people. Based on the provided data, Japan
is projected to have a rise in the percentage of their elderly population from 2020 to 2040. Japan
is projected to have an aging population exceeding 25%.

Furthermore, it is expected that all countries would experience a higher percentage of old
individuals in the future, reflecting the improved life expectancy.

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