6t

Testing Hypothesis (Population

Mean) using
➢ (traditional / critical value
method)
➢ P value method

4 Quarter
th

Week 2 Session 4
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Solve problems involving test of hypothesis on the
population mean
2. Compute for the test-statistic value (population mean)
3. Draw conclusion about the population mean based on
the test-statistic value and the rejection region
(traditional / critical value method) and p value
method
4. Participate actively in class discussions and group
activities
•HYPOTHESIS TESTING
(Population Mean)
Using
TRADITIONAL/CRITICAL
VALUE METHOD
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
Traditional / Critical Value Method

1. Describe the population parameter of

interest.
2. Formulate the null and alternative
hypothesis.
3. Check the assumptions.
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
Traditional / Critical Value Method
4. Choose a significance level size for 𝜶
Make α small when the consequences of rejecting a true
Ho is severe.
➢ Is the test two-tailed or one-tailed?
➢ Get the critical values from the test
statistic table.
➢ Establish the critical regions.
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
Traditional / Critical Value Method

5. Select the appropriate test statistic.

➢ Compute the test statistic using the
appropriate formula.
 Steps in HypothesisTesting using
Traditional / Critical Value Method
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not
the null hypothesis.
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
Traditional / Critical Value Method

7. Compare the computed test statistic

and the critical value/s.
➢ Decide
➢ Interpret
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
Traditional / Critical Value Method
1. Describe the population parameter of interest.
2. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.
3. Check the assumptions.
4. Choose a significance level size for α.
5. Select the appropriate test statistic. Compute the test
statistic using the appropriate formula
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not the null
hypothesis.
7. Compare the computed test statistic and the critical
value/s.
•HYPOTHESIS TESTING
(Population Mean)
Using P-VALUE METHOD
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
P-Value Method

1. Describe the population parameter of

interest.
2. Formulate the null and alternative
hypothesis.
3. Check the assumptions.
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
P-Value Method
4. Choose a significance level size for 𝜶
Make α small when the consequences of rejecting a true
Ho is severe.
➢ Is the test two-tailed or one-tailed?
➢ Get the critical values from the test
statistic table.
➢ Establish the critical regions.
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
P-Value Method
5. Select the appropriate test statistic.
➢ Compute the test statistic using the
appropriate formula.
Computation for the p-value using z table: Computation for the p-value using t table:
*Steps in finding p-value using z-table: Steps in finding p-value using t-table:
1. locate the test statistic value on the z table; 1. locate the row that corresponds to DF;
2. copy the area that corresponds to that test statistic 2. find the nearest absolute value of test statistic
value; on that row;
3. subtract the area from 1. 3. identify the probability value located above.
4. multiply the generated value from “step 3” to the 4. multiply the generated value from “step 3” to
given number of tails (one-tailed test or two-tailed the given number of tails (one-tailed test or
test). two-tailed test)
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
Traditional / Critical Value Method
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not
the null hypothesis.
≤
>

≤
>
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
P-Value Method

7. Compare the probability value and

alpha 𝛼.
➢ Decide
➢ Interpret
 Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
P-Value Method
1. Describe the population parameter of interest.
2. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.
3. Check the assumptions.
4. Choose a significance level size for α.
5. Select the appropriate test statistic. Compute the test
statistic using the appropriate formula
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not the null
hypothesis.
7. Compare the computed probability value and alpha
(𝜶)
Steps in Hypothesis Testing using
P-Value Method
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Conduct a hypothesis testing using critical
value and p-value methods.

The heart rates of 50 patients in an ICU have mean 95.3

beats/min and standard deviation 16.9 beats/min. Are heart
rates from ICU patients unusual given normal heart rate has
mean of 72 beats/min with a significance of 0.01?
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using critical value method)
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using critical value method)

𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
Two-tailed test
Critical Values: z = ±𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟓
Test statistic: z - test
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using critical value method)

The appropriate test statistic to use is z-test.

 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using critical value method)

𝟗. 𝟕𝟓 ≥ 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟒 𝟗. 𝟕𝟓 ≤ −𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟒

𝟗. 𝟕𝟓 < 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝟗. 𝟕𝟓 > −𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟒

 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using critical value method)

𝟗. 𝟕𝟓 ≥ 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟒
ANY QUESTIONS?
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Conduct a hypothesis testing using critical
value and p-value methods.

The heart rates of 50 patients in an ICU have mean 95.3

beats/min and standard deviation 16.9 beats/min. Are heart
rates from ICU patients unusual given normal heart rate has
mean of 72 beats/min with a significance of 0.01?
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using p-value method)
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using p-value value method)

0.5%
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using p-value value method)

The appropriate test statistic to use is z-test.

Computation for the p-value using z table:

*Steps in finding p-value using z-table:
For z=9.75, the probability is essentially
1. locate the test statistic value on the z table;
0.9999 (or very close to 1).
2. copy the area that corresponds to that test statistic value;
For a Two-Tailed Test:
3. subtract the area from 1.
p= 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏
4. multiply the generated value from “step 3” to the given number of tails
p=𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐
(one-tailed test or two-tailed test).
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using p-value value method)

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐 > 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Solution: (using p-value value method)

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2
Conduct a hypothesis testing using critical value and p-value method.
The school nurse thinks the average height of 11th
graders has increased. The average height of a
11th grader five years ago was 158 cm with a
standard deviation of 20 cm. She takes a random
sample of 200 students and finds that the average
height of her sample is 160 cm with a standard
deviation of 17cm. Using 95% confidence, are 11th
graders now taller than those 11th graders before?
 Steps in Hypothesis using
Traditional / Critical Value Method
1. Describe the population parameter of interest.
2. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.
3. Check the assumptions.
4. Choose a significance level size for α.
5. Select the appropriate test statistic. Compute the test
statistic using the appropriate formula
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not the null
hypothesis.
7. Compare the computed test statistic and the critical
value/s.
 Steps in Hypothesis using
Traditional / Critical Value Method
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not
the null hypothesis.
 Steps in Hypothesis using
P-Value Method
1. Describe the population parameter of interest.
2. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.
3. Check the assumptions.
4. Choose a significance level size for α.
5. Select the appropriate test statistic. Compute the test
statistic using the appropriate formula
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not the null
hypothesis.
7. Compare the computed probability value and alpha
(𝜶)
 Steps in Hypothesis using
P-value Value Method
6. State the decision rule for rejecting or not
the null hypothesis.
≤
>

≤
>