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IGCSE Lesson 1 States of Matter

The document discusses the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their particle movement, including state symbols and physical changes during state transitions. It provides examples of various substances with their melting and boiling points to determine their states at room temperature. Additionally, it explains the limitations of the particle model and the energy transfers involved during heating and cooling curves.

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musaali1122x
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18 views31 pages

IGCSE Lesson 1 States of Matter

The document discusses the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their particle movement, including state symbols and physical changes during state transitions. It provides examples of various substances with their melting and boiling points to determine their states at room temperature. Additionally, it explains the limitations of the particle model and the energy transfers involved during heating and cooling curves.

Uploaded by

musaali1122x
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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States of matter

Do now:
Draw particle diagrams for the 3 states of matter
(solid, liquid and gas).

Solid Liquid Gas


Describe the movement of these particles and the
state symbols used.
Mark your work

(l) or (aq) if a
State symbols (s) (g)
solution
Changing states

These are physical changes and


are reversible.
No new substances are formed
Boiling and melting points

Melting
point
How can I work out the state?
What is the state?
Substance Melting Boiling Temperature State at Room
Temperature (oC) (oC) temperature (solid,
liquid or gas)

A -100 100

B -125 0

C 70 200

D 11 85

E -80 -11
Check your work
Substance Melting Boiling Temperature State at Room
Temperature (oC) (oC) temperature (solid,
liquid or gas)

A -100 100 Liquid

B -125 0 Gas

C 70 200 Solid

D 11 85 Liquid

E -80 -11 Gas


1) Candle wax is normally a solid 2) Nitrogen boils at -195oC
at room temperature. It melts at and melts at -210 oC. At what
37 oC and evaporates at 370 oC. state is nitrogen in at the
At what state is the wax in at the following temperatures and
following temperatures and how how do you know?
do you know? a) Room temperature?
a) 40 oC? b) -300 oC?
b) 4oC? c) -196 o?
c) 400 oC?
4) The scale below shows the
melting and boiling point of water
3) The melting point of iron is
1535 oC and the boiling point is a) At which state is water at
o
o
2750 C. At what state is iron in 20 C and how do you know?
at the following temperatures b) At which state is water at
o
and how do you know? 120 C and how can you tell?
a) 3000 oC? c) At which state is water at
o
o
b) 500 C? -20 C and how do you know?
c) 2700 oC?
1) Candle wax is normally a solid at
o
room temperature. It melts at 37 C
o
and evaporates at 370 C. At what
state is the wax in at the following
temperatures and how do you
know?
o
a) 40 C?
o
b) 4 C?
o
c) 400 C?
2) Nitrogen boils at -195oC and melts
at -210 oC. At what state is nitrogen
in at the following temperatures and
how do you know?
a) Room temperature?
b) -300 oC?
c) -196 o?
3) The melting point of iron is 1535
o o
C and the boiling point is 2750 C.
At what state is iron in at the
following temperatures and how
do you know?
o
a) 3000 C?
o
b) 500 C?
o
c) 2700 C?
4) The scale below shows the
melting and boiling point of
water.

a) At which state is water at 20oC and


how do you know?
b) At which state is water at 120oC and
how can you tell?
o
c) At which state is water at -20 C and
how do you know?
Check your work
2) Nitrogen boils at -195oC and melts
1) Candle wax is normally a solid at at -210 oC. At what state is nitrogen
room temperature. It melts at 37 oC in at the following temperatures and
and evaporates at 370 oC. At what how do you know?
state is the wax in at the following a) Room temperature? Gas
temperatures and how do you know?
a) 40 oC? Liquid b) -300 oC? Solid
o c) -196 o? Liquid
b) 4 C? Solid
4) The scale below shows the melting and boiling
c) 400 oC? Gas
point of water.
a) At which state is water at 20oC and how
3) The melting point of iron is
1535 oC and the boiling point is do you know?
2750 oC. At what state is iron in
Liquid - temp between bp and mp
at the following temperatures b) At which state is water at 120oC and how
and how do you know? can you tell?
a) 3000 oC? Gas Gas - temp above mp and bp
b) 500 C? Solid
o c) At which state is water at -20oC and how
do you know?
c) 2700 oC? Liquid Solid - temp below mp and bp
Check your work

When heat is added to ice, it breaks the (intermolecular) forces


that hold the molecules in place. The temperature stays at 0°C
while the ice absorbs the heat energy. 0°C is the melting point of
water. The heat energy is used to break the bonds/forces. Once
all the ice melts, the liquid water's temperature can rise again.

When liquid water reaches 100°C, the added heat breaks the
intermolecular forces again, turning the water into vapor (gas).
100°C is the melting point of water. The temperature remains at
100°C until all the liquid turns into gas. This process is called boiling,
or evaporation at lower temperatures.
Limitations of the particle model
The simple particle model assumes
particles are made of solid spheres with no
forces between them. However, particles
can vary in size, charge and not be
spherical.
Energy transfers - Heating curve
Why do you think that there is no temperature increase
when a substance is changing state?

Boiling
point

Melting
point
Energy transfers - Cooling curves
Gas

Liquid
Boiling point Solid
(condensation)
Melting point
(Freezing)
Answer the
questions
Heating curve questions
Check your work
Exam question
Mark scheme

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